The Cardiac Cycle

Dr. Heckman

1
CYCLE LENGTH (seconds) = 60 / HEART RATE (beats / minute)

2
 Isovolumic Contraction (IVC)
SYSTOLE DIASTOLE

IVC EJECTION IVR FILLING

PRESSURE
AO R T A (mm Hg)
LA
Aortic
120 Pressure

Left Ventricular
Pressure
Left Atrial
Pressure
LV "a" "c" "v"

VOLUME S S
(ml) 1 2
Left Ventricular
Volume
100

0
TIME
(Seconds) 3
0 1
 Ejection
SYSTOLE DIASTOLE

IVC EJECTION IVR FILLING

PRESSURE
(mm Hg)
AO RT A
Aortic
LA 120 Pressure

Left Ventricular
Pressure
Left Atrial
Pressure
"a" "c" "v"

0
LV
VOLUME S S
(ml) 1 2
Left Ventricular
Volume
100

SV = EDV - ESV
CO = SV ∙ HR 0
TIME
(Seconds) 4
0 1
 Isovolumic Relaxation
SYSTOLE DIASTOLE

IVC EJECTION IVR FILLING

PRESSURE
(mm Hg)

Aortic
120 Pressure

Left Ventricular
Pressure
AORTA Left Atrial
LA Pressure
"a" "c" "v"

VOLUME S S
(ml) 1 2
Left Ventricular
Volume
LV 100

0
TIME
(Seconds) 5
0 1
 Filling
SYSTOLE DIASTOLE

IVC EJECTION IVR FILLING

PRESSURE
(mm Hg)

Aortic
120 Pressure
AORTA
LA
Left Ventricular
Pressure
Left Atrial
Pressure
"a" "c" "v"

LV 0

VOLUME S S
(ml) 1 2
Left Ventricular
Volume
100

0
TIME
(Seconds) 6
0 1
 Mitral Aortic LVP LV Vol.
Valve Valve
Isovolumic C C I NC
Contraction
Ejection C O I, D D
Isovolumic C C D NC
Relaxation
Filling O C I I
C = closed, O = open, I = increasing, D = decreasing

7
RA RV PA LA LV Aorta
Lungs
0-8 15 - 30 15 - 30 100 - 140 100 - 140
1 - 10
0-8 4 - 12 1 - 10 60 - 90

8
Physiological Splitting of the 2nd
Heart Sound
1

Expiration

S1 A2 P2

Inspiration

S1 A2 P2

9
 Aortic Valve Stenosis
mm Hg
180
Murmur

S1 S2

10
 Mitral Valve Stenosis
mm Hg
120

Murmur
S1 S2

11
 Aortic Regurgitation

mm Hg
120

Murmur
S1 S2

0
12
 Mitral Regurgitation
mm Hg
120

Murmur
S1 S2

13
 SYSTOLE DIASTOLE

IVC EJECTION IVR FILLING

PRESSURE
(mm Hg)

Aortic
120 Pressure

Left Ventricular
Pressure
Left Atrial
Pressure
"a" "c" "v"

VOLUME S S
(ml) 1 2
Left Ventricular
Volume
100

0
TIME
(Seconds)
14
0 1