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PRESENTED BYINDU KUMARI MANORANJAN PAUL NALINAKSH TRIPATHI RANJIT NAYAK RENU SHARMA SAURABH KUMAR SONI
WHAT IS A PLAN?
A plan spells out how the resources of a nation should be put to use. It should have some general goals as well as specific objectives which are to be achieved within a specified period of time. In India plans are of five years duration and are called five year plans .
OBJECTIVE OF PLANNING
Economic growth Self reliance Removal of unemployment Reduction in income inequalities Elimination of poverty
PLANNING COMMISSION
The Planning Commission is an institution in the Government of India, which formulates India's Five-Year Plans. Planning Commission was set up on 15 March 1950, with Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru as the chairman.
NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL
The prime minister presides over the NDC. The secretary of the planning commission is also the secretary of NDC. To consider the national plan as formulated by the planning commission endorse its development strategy.
REVIEW OF PLANS
The First Five Year Plan was launched in 1951. The process of implementation of the Five Year Plans was disrupted in 1966 and the Fourth Five Year Plan was put off by three years due to the severe drought in the country and aggressions from China and Pakistan. The intervention period between the Third and Fourth Five Year Plans had annual Plans. This period is referred to as Plan Holiday.
Fifth FYP was launched and planned for period 1974-79 but Janata government came in power in 1978 and ended the plan prematurely in 1978. The Janata government launched sixth FYP for period 1978-1983. Congress government when came in power in 1980 abandoned the sixth FYP and launched a new sixth FYP for period 1980-1985. The plan for period, 1978-80, is
called the rolling plan.
FIRST FIVE YEAR PLAN
(1951-55) Based on Harrod Domer model
OBJECTIVES
The standard of living Community and agriculture development Energy and irrigation Communications and transport Industry Land rehabilitation Social services Target of GDP growth 2.1 per year
ACHIEVEMENTS
GDP 3.6% per year Evolution of good irrigation system
IMPROVEMENT
Roads Civil aviation Railways Posts &Telegraphs Manufacture of fertilizers Electrical equipment
DISADVANTAGES
Development of only a few industries. Private industry had not developed.
SECOND FIVE YEAR PLAN
(1956-1961) Based on P.C. Mahalanobis model
OBJECTIVES
To increase by 25% the national income To make the country more industrialized To increase employment
ACHIEVEMENTS
5 Steel plants A hydro-electric power project Production of coal increased More railway lines Land reform measures Improved the living standards of the people The large enterprises in seventeen industries were nationalized
DEVELOPMENT OF
Mining and industry Community and agriculture development Power and irrigation Social services Communications and transport
DISADVANTAGES
Eliminate the importation of consumer goods . High tariffs. Low quotas or banning some items altogether. License were required for starting new companies. This is when India got its License Raj, the bureaucratic control over the economy .
THIRD FIVE YEAR PLAN
(1961-1966) Based on P.C.Mahalanobis model
OBJECTIVES
More stress to agriculture subsidies Sufficient help Effective use of country's resources To increase the national income by 5% per year To increase the production of agriculture. Employment generation To establish equality among all the people of the country
ACHIEVEMENTS
Decentralization Organizations formed Panchayat Zila Parishads Laid emphasis on oil conservation irrigation Afforestation Many fertilizer and cement plants were built Green Revolution
PROBLEMS FACED
Sino Indian War, India witnessed increase in price of products. The resulting inflation.
FOURTH FIVE YEAR PLAN
(1969 - 1974)
OBJECTIVES To reform and restructure government expenditure agenda( defence became one major expense) To facilitated growth in exports To alter the socio economic structure of the society.
ACHIEVEMENTS Great advancement has been made with regard to India's national income Considered as one of the emerging powers Served as a stepping stone for the economic growth Food grains production increased
PROBLEMS
A gap was created between the people of the rural areas and those of the urban areas. Due to recession, famine and drought, India did not pay much heed to long term goals
FIFTH FIVE YEAR PLAN
(1974 -1979 )
OBJECTIVES
To reduce social, regional, and economic disparities To enhance agricultural productivity To check rural and urban unemployment To encourage self-employment Production support policies in the cottage industry sector To develop labor intensive technological improvements
ACHIEVEMENTS
Food grain production was above 118 million tons due to the improvement of infrastructural facilities Bombay High had shot up the commercial production of oil in India
PROBLEM FACED
The world economy was in a troublesome state. This had a negative impact on the Indian economy. Prices in the energy and food sector skyrocketed and as a consequence inflation became inevitable
SIXTH FIVE YEAR PLAN
(1980-1985)
OBJECTIVES
To improve productivity level To initiate modernization for achieving economic and technological self-reliance To control poverty and unemployment To develop indigenous energy sources and efficient energy usage To initiate Family Planning
ACHIEVEMENTS
Speedy industrial development Emphasis on the information technology sector Self sufficiency in food Several successful programs on improvement of public health Government investments in the Indian healthcare sector
PROBLEM FACED
During this time the Prime Minister was Rajiv Gandhi and hence industrial development was the emphasis of this plan some opposed it specially the communist groups, this slowed down the pace of progress.
SEVENTH FIVE YEAR PLAN
(1985-1989) OBJECTIVES ACHIEVEMENTS
Anti-poverty program Improved facilities for education to girls The government undertook to increase productivity of Oilseeds,Fruits,Vegetables Pulses,cereals,Fish Egg,Meat,milk. Communications Emergence of informatics, and hooking up of telecommunications with computers Transport inland waterways, product pipelines, civil aviation, coastal shipping Social Justice Removal of oppression of the weak Using modern technology Agricultural development Anti-poverty programs Full supply of food, clothing, and shelter Increasing productivity of small and large scale farmers Making India an Independent Economy
PROBLEMS
1989-91 was a period of political instability in India and hence no five year plan was implemented. In 1991, India faced a crisis in foreign exchange(Forex) reserves. Between 1990 and 1992, there were only Annual Plans.
EIGHTH FIVE YEAR PLAN
(1992-1997)
OBJECTIVES
To generate full scale employment Promote social welfare measures like improved healthcare, sanitation, communication and provision for extensive education facilities at all levels To check the increasing population growth by creating mass awareness programs To encourage growth and diversification of agriculture To strengthen the infrastructural facilities To place greater emphasis on role of private initiative in the development of the industrial sector
ACHIEVEMENTS
Rise in the employment level. Poverty reduction. Self-reliance on domestic resources. Self-sufficiency in agricultural production. GDP Growth Per Annum 5.6
NINTH FIVE YEAR PLAN
(1997-2002)
OBJECTIVES
To prioritize rural development To generate adequate employment opportunities To ensure food and nutritional security To provide for the basic infrastructural facilities like education for all, safe drinking water, primary health care, transport, energy To check the growing population increase To encourage social issues like women empowerment To create a liberal market for increase in private investments
ACHIEVEMENTS
A combined effort of public, private, and all levels of government. Ensured the growth of India's economy. Service sector showed fast growth rate.
TENTH FIVE YEAR PLAN
(2002-2007)
This Plan was introduced in April 2002. The Plan was launched when there were both positive and negative features. Positive being, GDP growth rate was at 6.5% p.a. Population growth had declined to less than 2%. Percentage of people below the poverty line was decreasing. Literacy rate increased to 65% in 2001. Software and IT Services emerged as new sectors of strength. Negatives were that growth had generated less than expected employment. The infant mortality rate had stagnated and there was acute shortage of drinking water.
OBJECTIVES
An average annual growth rate of 8% Increase in per capita income at 6.4% p.a. Enhancement of human well being through an adequate level of consumption of fixed and other type of consumer goods and access to basic social services Expansion of economic and social opportunities for individuals and groups and greater participation in decision making. To transform the country into the fastest growing economy of the world Forests and environment Science and technology
ELEVENTH FIVE YEAR PLAN
(2007-2012) OBJECTIVES
The objective of the Plan is ³Towards faster and more inclusive growth´. Economic growth from 7.6%-9%. Agricultural growth from 2.13%-4%. Poverty reduction at level of 10%. Unemployment less than 5%. Employment generation 3 crore. Create an enabling environment for the socio, political and economic empowerment of women. Literacy rate to be increased 85%. Forest cover to be increased 5%.
ACHIEVEMENTS OF PLANNING IN INDIA
Growth of National and Per Capita Income Growth in Employment Distributive Justice Self-reliance Industrial Progress
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