REVIEW OF PLANNING IN INDIAOBJECTIVE &STRATEGY OF FIVE YEAR PLANS

PRESENTED BYINDU KUMARI MANORANJAN PAUL NALINAKSH TRIPATHI RANJIT NAYAK RENU SHARMA SAURABH KUMAR SONI 

WHAT IS A PLAN? 
A plan spells out how the resources of a nation should be put to use.  It should have some general goals as well as specific objectives which are to be achieved within a specified period of time.  In India plans are of five years duration and are called five year plans . 

OBJECTIVE OF PLANNING 
Economic growth  Self reliance  Removal of unemployment  Reduction in income inequalities  Elimination of poverty 

PLANNING COMMISSION 
The Planning Commission is an institution in the Government of India, which formulates India's Five-Year Plans.  Planning Commission was set up on 15 March 1950, with Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru as the chairman. 

NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL 
The prime minister presides over the NDC. The secretary of the planning commission is also the secretary of NDC.  To consider the national plan as formulated by the planning commission endorse its development strategy. 

REVIEW OF PLANS 
The First Five Year Plan was launched in 1951. The process of implementation of the Five Year Plans was disrupted in 1966 and the Fourth Five Year Plan was put off by three years due to the severe drought in the country and aggressions from China and Pakistan. The intervention period between the Third and Fourth Five Year Plans had annual Plans. This period is referred to as Plan Holiday.
Fifth FYP was launched and planned for period 1974-79 but Janata government came in power in 1978 and ended the plan prematurely in 1978. The Janata government launched sixth FYP for period 1978-1983. Congress government when came in power in 1980 abandoned the sixth FYP and launched a new sixth FYP for period 1980-1985. The plan for period, 1978-80, is

called the rolling plan. 

FIRST FIVE YEAR PLAN
(1951-55) Based on Harrod Domer model
OBJECTIVES 
The standard of living  Community and agriculture development  Energy and irrigation  Communications and transport  Industry  Land rehabilitation  Social services  Target of GDP growth 2.1 per year

ACHIEVEMENTS 
GDP 3.6% per year  Evolution of good irrigation system

IMPROVEMENT 
Roads  Civil aviation  Railways  Posts &Telegraphs  Manufacture of fertilizers  Electrical equipment 

DISADVANTAGES 
Development of only a few industries.  Private industry had not developed. 

SECOND FIVE YEAR PLAN
(1956-1961) Based on P.C. Mahalanobis model
OBJECTIVES 
To increase by 25% the national income  To make the country more industrialized  To increase employment 
    

ACHIEVEMENTS
5 Steel plants A hydro-electric power project Production of coal increased More railway lines Land reform measures Improved the living standards of the people  The large enterprises in seventeen industries were nationalized

DEVELOPMENT OF 
Mining and industry  Community and agriculture development  Power and irrigation  Social services  Communications and transport 

DISADVANTAGES 
Eliminate the importation of consumer goods .  High tariffs.  Low quotas or banning some items altogether.  License were required for starting new companies.  This is when India got its License Raj, the bureaucratic control over the economy . 

THIRD FIVE YEAR PLAN
(1961-1966) Based on P.C.Mahalanobis model
OBJECTIVES 
More stress to agriculture ‡ subsidies ‡ Sufficient help  Effective use of country's resources  To increase the national income by 5% per year  To increase the production of agriculture.  Employment generation  To establish equality among all the people of the country

ACHIEVEMENTS 
Decentralization  Organizations formed ‡ Panchayat ‡ Zila Parishads  Laid emphasis on ‡ oil conservation ‡ irrigation ‡ Afforestation  Many fertilizer and cement plants were built  Green Revolution 

PROBLEMS FACED 
Sino Indian War, India witnessed increase in price of products. The resulting inflation. 

FOURTH FIVE YEAR PLAN
(1969 - 1974)

OBJECTIVES  To reform and restructure government expenditure agenda( defence became one major expense)  To facilitated growth in exports  To alter the socio economic structure of the society.

ACHIEVEMENTS  Great advancement has been made with regard to India's national income  Considered as one of the emerging powers  Served as a stepping stone for the economic growth  Food grains production increased 

PROBLEMS 
A gap was created between the people of the rural areas and those of the urban areas.  Due to recession, famine and drought, India did not pay much heed to long term goals 

FIFTH FIVE YEAR PLAN
(1974 -1979 )
OBJECTIVES 
To reduce social, regional, and economic disparities  To enhance agricultural productivity  To check rural and urban unemployment  To encourage self-employment  Production support policies in the cottage industry sector  To develop labor intensive technological improvements

ACHIEVEMENTS 
Food grain production was above 118 million tons due to the improvement of infrastructural facilities  Bombay High had shot up the commercial production of oil in India 

PROBLEM FACED 
The world economy was in a troublesome state.  This had a negative impact on the Indian economy.  Prices in the energy and food sector skyrocketed and as a consequence inflation became inevitable 

SIXTH FIVE YEAR PLAN
(1980-1985)
OBJECTIVES 
To improve productivity level  To initiate modernization for achieving economic and technological self-reliance  To control poverty and unemployment  To develop indigenous energy sources and efficient energy usage  To initiate Family Planning

ACHIEVEMENTS 
Speedy industrial development  Emphasis on the information technology sector  Self sufficiency in food  Several successful programs on improvement of public health  Government investments in the Indian healthcare sector 

PROBLEM FACED 
During this time the Prime Minister was Rajiv Gandhi and hence industrial development was the emphasis of this plan some opposed it specially the communist groups, this slowed down the pace of progress. 

SEVENTH FIVE YEAR PLAN
(1985-1989) OBJECTIVES ACHIEVEMENTS 
Anti-poverty program  Improved facilities for education to girls  The government undertook to increase productivity of ‡Oilseeds,Fruits,Vegetables ‡Pulses,cereals,Fish ‡Egg,Meat,milk.  Communications ‡ Emergence of informatics, and hooking up of telecommunications with computers  Transport ‡ inland waterways, product pipelines, civil aviation, coastal shipping  Social Justice  Removal of oppression of the weak  Using modern technology  Agricultural development  Anti-poverty programs  Full supply of food, clothing, and shelter  Increasing productivity of small and large scale farmers  Making India an Independent Economy 

PROBLEMS 
1989-91 was a period of political instability in India and hence no five year plan was implemented.  In 1991, India faced a crisis in foreign exchange(Forex) reserves.  Between 1990 and 1992, there were only Annual Plans. 

EIGHTH FIVE YEAR PLAN
(1992-1997)
OBJECTIVES 
To generate full scale employment  Promote social welfare measures like improved healthcare, sanitation, communication and provision for extensive education facilities at all levels  To check the increasing population growth by creating mass awareness programs  To encourage growth and diversification of agriculture  To strengthen the infrastructural facilities  To place greater emphasis on role of private initiative in the development of the industrial sector

ACHIEVEMENTS 

Rise in the employment level.  Poverty reduction.  Self-reliance on domestic resources.  Self-sufficiency in agricultural production.  GDP Growth Per Annum 5.6 

NINTH FIVE YEAR PLAN
(1997-2002)
OBJECTIVES 
To prioritize rural development  To generate adequate employment opportunities  To ensure food and nutritional security  To provide for the basic infrastructural facilities like education for all, safe drinking water, primary health care, transport, energy  To check the growing population increase  To encourage social issues like women empowerment  To create a liberal market for increase in private investments

ACHIEVEMENTS 
A combined effort of public, private, and all levels of government.  Ensured the growth of India's economy.  Service sector showed fast growth rate. 

TENTH FIVE YEAR PLAN
(2002-2007) 
This Plan was introduced in April 2002. The Plan was launched when there were both positive and negative features. Positive being, GDP growth rate was at 6.5% p.a. Population growth had declined to less than 2%. Percentage of people below the poverty line was decreasing. Literacy rate increased to 65% in 2001. Software and IT Services emerged as new sectors of strength. Negatives were that growth had generated less than expected employment. The infant mortality rate had stagnated and there was acute shortage of drinking water. 

OBJECTIVES 
An average annual growth rate of 8%  Increase in per capita income at 6.4% p.a.  Enhancement of human well being through an adequate level of consumption of fixed and other type of consumer goods and access to basic social services  Expansion of economic and social opportunities for individuals and groups and greater participation in decision making.  To transform the country into the fastest growing economy of the world Forests and environment Science and technology 

ELEVENTH FIVE YEAR PLAN
(2007-2012) OBJECTIVES 
The objective of the Plan is ³Towards faster and more inclusive growth´.  Economic growth from 7.6%-9%.  Agricultural growth from 2.13%-4%.  Poverty reduction at level of 10%.  Unemployment less than 5%.  Employment generation 3 crore.  Create an enabling environment for the socio, political and economic empowerment of women.  Literacy rate to be increased 85%.  Forest cover to be increased 5%. 

ACHIEVEMENTS OF PLANNING IN INDIA 
   

Growth of National and Per Capita Income Growth in Employment Distributive Justice Self-reliance Industrial Progress