#1, dekemberi, 2009

fokusi
gustav klimti
 redaqtoris sveti
mTavari redaqtori:
margo jafariZe

redaqtori:
qeTi Todua

artredaqtori:
salome aCba

bildredaqtori:
qeTa RvinefaZe

nomerze muSaobdnen:
Tavidan sul ar gvifiqria, rom Jurnals Tamar svaniZe
xelovnebas mivuZRvnidiT. SemTxveviT SekrebilTa mano bazuaSvili
gundSi samTviani erTad muSaobis Sedegad maia gulisaSvili
saerTo interesebi gamoikveTa, ramac sabolood elene maxarobliSvili
“artfokusamde” mogviyvana.
vwerdiT imas, rac gvainteresebda da rac
lali aleliSvili
savaraudod, mkiTxvelsac miizidavda. mariam dedabriSvili
Tu ar icnob an cota gsmenia Sanelis samodelo Sorena laSxia
saxlis rCeul qarTvel dizainersa da mis nino gogliCiZe
Zmaze, romelmac pikasosgan umaRlesi Sefaseba nuca qurdaZe
daimsaxura; Tu arc Sen ici, vin aris uCinari kaci, ana daviTaSvili
romelmac qarTul fotografiaSi pirveli kvali
datova, maSin gpirdebi, rom am JurnalSi pasuxs
qeTevan gersamia
i povi da bevr siaxlesac Seityob. gaecani nazi jalaRania
msoflios aT yvelaze ZviradRirebul naxats, maT
avtorebsa da axlandel mflobelebs.
msoflio kulturis Tanamedrove movlenebma Jurnali aiwyo da
Sens gareSe rom ar Caiaros, rom icode obamas dakabadonda Tsu soc.
garda vin aris 2009 wlis nobelianti (oRondac
literaturis dargSi), mogiyvebiT sainteresi
da pol. mecnierebaTa
detalebs herta miuleris cxovrebidan da fakultetis
Semoqmedebidan, aseve giambobT Cexi mwerlis, laboratoriaSi.
milorad paviCis cxovrebaze, romelmac sicocxle
80 wlis asakSi, erTi Tvis win daasrula. iqneb, kompiuteruli
arc ki gsmenia: qarTuli mediis saSualebiT am uzrunvelyofa:
ambavs namdvilad ver gaigebdi da imitom...
erTaderTi, rasac Jurnalis ideis Casaxvis
Tamar pirvelaSvili
dRidan vaprotestebdi, standartuli A4-is
formatia, magram Senc gagigonia, rac gezarebodes, Jurnalis
is geZalebodeso. ase davrCiT gawbilebuli me xelmZRvaneli:
da Cemi “artfokusi,” magram erTmaneTi dabadebis asocirebuli profesori
dRidan Segviyvarda da veRarc erTmaneTis nakls dali osefaSvili
vamCnevT. Tqvenc igive gelodebaT...

3
 sa rC e vi

ar
rtti is iyo mxatvari,
romlis niWiT TviT
qarTuli avangarduli suli pikasoc aRfrTovanda
xelovnebis muzeumSi . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 da parizSi gamarTul
gamofenaze kiriles
adamiani, romelic CarCoSi ver tilos gverdiT ke-
eqceva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 delze miawera “5+
pikaso”.
abstraqcionisti SemoqmedebaSi, maTi gansakuTrebuli damsaxureba udidesi
realisti _ cxovrebaSi . . . . . . . . 11 qarTveli mxatvris, niko firosmanis aRmoCenaa.
gv.6
pr
rof
o fil
i li
i
mxatvroba, rogorc virusi . . . . . 10 misTvis mxatvroba vi-
rusia, romelic unda
Segeyaros, magram ver
l it
itaar
rti ganikurno. daavadeba,
romlis vaqcina ar ar-
mTvariani Rameebi anu modi da ende sebobs.
,,izmebs”... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 sjera simboloebis.
uyvars maTi axsna, fi-
mwerali, romelic fiqrobda ise, losofiidan mxatvro-
rogorc Cven vocnebobT . . . . . . . . . 14 baSi, mxatvrobidan dRe-
vandelobaSi gadmotana. gv.10
po
orrt
trr et
eti
,,yoveli normaluri
vinc mizans ocnebis gareSe
moTxrobis wakiTxvis
miaRwia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Semdeg, xdebi odnav uke-
Tesi, vidre xar, ufro
Wkviani, vidre iyavi...
li t fo k
kuusi esec sakmarisia – uke-
Tesi xdebi.”
herta miuleri _ kidev erTi
mesame cxovreba ekle-
nobelianti anu 2009 wlis yvelaze
siurobaSi hpova. dRemde
iRbliani mwerali . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
sasoebiT ixsenebs, Tu
rogor miiRo patriar-
qarTuli onlain
qma umZimes dReebSi Svi-
litoazisebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
lis daRupvis Semdgom da rogor anugeSa.
,,civsisxliani mkvleloba” . . . . . . 22 gv.12
samSobloSi “guliT
dabrunebuli” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 1987 wels, rogorc iqna,
samSoblos tyveobidan
gaTavisuflda: ufleba
gamok
kiT
iT x va
va moi pova, gamgzavrebuli-
yo germaniaSi vagnerTan
VOX POP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 erTad, romelic imxanad
ukve misi qmari iyo.
gv.18
4
 sa rC e vi

,,vici, me davexmare fol

f ol kf oku si
sakuTar Tavs ase da-
mesrulebina cxovre- artgenze dawyebuli
ba. ugnureba iqneboda megobroba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
bodiSi momexada imisT-
vis, rac Cavidine, sru- unikaluri eqsponati
liad uadgiloc, magram Zvlis salamuri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
bodiSs vixdi.”
mu
usi
sika
ka
kameruli musikis
didostati . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
gv.22
sa a vt oro sve
sv et
teb
bii
samTavros Smagis saavtoro sveti . . . . . . . . 28
samarovanze
aRmoCenili Zvlis qeTi Toduas saavtoro
salamuri, romelic sveti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Zvel elinelTa
aRmoCenas Svidi-
ra m pa
rva saukuniT
uswrebs win. siyvarulis sasaxle . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

gv.27 “... zRva, romelic Soria” . . . . . . . 32

ki no
kin o
princs qarTveli
qalbatonis saqci- holivuduri Tbilisi . . . . . . . . . . 34
eli gaukvirda da
sagonebelSi Cavar- foto
f ot of
fok
oku
u si
da. bolos uTxra,
ra gavakeTo Seni “uCinari kaci”. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
gulis mosagebado.
agrafinam swored pirveli fotosaxelosnoebi
am sasaxlis aSeneba mosTxova... konstatines da Zveli saintereso
mSenebare sasaxle avstriis imperatoris qve- istoriebi... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Sevrdomis, franc titelis qaliSvilis, eme-
liasgan SeuZenia. ase aSenda es sasaxle Tavisi a Rm oC e
enna
siyvarulis koSkiTa da saidumlo oTaxiT.
miwis siRmeSi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
gv.30 kacunebi rusTavelis
rodesac duSeTis erTi soflis erTi Rari- prospeqtidan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
bi unagirebis ostatis, so-
lomonisa da misi meuRlis a rti
rt i
ojaxSi, kidev erTi Svili,
aleqsandre daibada, albaT Zvir-fasi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
veravin warmoidgenda, rom mu
usi
sika
ka
wlebis Semdeg swored is
gaxdeboda qarTuli foto- yvelaze warmatebuli musikaluri
Semsruleblebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
gv.36 grafiis fuZemdebeli.
5

qarTuli avangarduli suli
sabWoTa xelisuflebis mier dawunebuli qarTveli mxatvrebis evropuli
aRiareba: pikasos samaxsovro Sefaseba sagamofeno darbazis kedelze da gza
saxlamde...
Sanelis modis saxlamde...
kirile da ilia zdaneviCebis
gamofena amiranaSvilis saxelo-
bis xelovnebis muzeumSi gaix-
sna. Ggamofenaze warmodgenili
iyo klub “ilizadis” preziden-
tis, fransua meresa da saqarT-
velos erovnuli muzeumis arqi-
vebSi daculi ormocdaaTamade
namuSevari, romelTa umetesoba,
saqarTvelos sagamofeno sivr-
ceebSi warmodgenili arasodes
yofila: kirile zdaneviCis mier,
qaRaldze da tiloze Sesrule-
buli ferweruli namuSevrebi,
wignebis ilustraciebi, fotoebi,
eskizebi; ilia zdaneviCis uni-
kaluri dRiuri, romelSic deta-
lurad aRwers, niko firosmanis,
rogorc mxatvris aRmoCenis is-
torias, aseve, eskizebi Sanelis
samodelo saxlisTvis, TurqeTis
teritoriaze arsebuli qarTu-
li taZrebis gegmebi, unikaluri
6
a rti
rt i
salome aCba
saarqivo masala - am yvelafris
naxvis saSualeba qarTvel dam-
Tavlierebels erTi Tvis ganma-
vlobaSi hqonda.
da mainc, vin iyvnen kirile
da ilia zdanaveiCebi? – polon-
uri warmoSobis qarTveli Zmebi,
romelTa saxelebTanac bune-
brivad asocirdeba meoce sauku-
nis qarTuli avangardi.
mZlavrma kulturul-revo-
luciurma moZraobam, romelic
1916 wels ciurixSi gaCnda da
romelic dadaizmis saxel-
wodebiTaa cnobili, evropisa
da amerikis mravali qalaqi
moicva: parizi, berlini, kiolni,
niu-iurki da Tbilisi. Ees moZ-
raoba saqarTveloSi swored
Zmeb zdaneviCebis damsaxurebiT
Semovida da ganviTarda. Tbili-
si iyo erTaderTi qalaqi, sa-
dac xelovnebis es mimdinareoba,
futurizms Seerwya da is erTi
saerTo saxelwodebiT: avan-
gardizmiT moixsenieba. gasuli
saukunis 20-iani wlebis Tbili-
suri avangardizmis avangardSi
ki Zmebi zdaneviCebi dganan.
`am periodis Tbilisi, evro-
paSi avangardis erT-erTi cen-
tria. aq ikribebodnen, xelovane-
bi sxvadasxva qevynebidan, maT
Soris, revoluciuri ruseTidan
gamoqceuli da represirebuli
xelovanebi. Zmeb zdaneviCebs
ki, ara marto qarTuli, aramed
zogadad evropuli avangardis
ganviTarebis saqmeSi, udidesi
wvlili miuZRviT. ilia zdanev-
iCi dadaistur poeziasa da “ar-
tistul wignSi”, namdvilad no-
vatoria” _Nnana yifiani (xelov-
nebaTmcodne)
zdanevCebi TbilisSi ayali-
beben pirvel futuristul
 a rti
rt i

xelovnebis muzeumSi
jgufs _ “41 gradusi”. esaa siebis samizned: Mmas aiZule-
dadaist-anarqistuli poeturi ben daeqvemdebaros sabWoTa xe-
gaerTianeba, romelmac Seqmna lovnebis wesebs. is iZulebulia,
“zaumi,” rogorc poeziis prin- Tavisi niWi gamoiyenos mxolod
ci pulad axali, modernistuli Teatris dekoraciebis Sesaqm-
mimdinareoba. nelad. 1960-iani wlebSi saz-
ilia poetia, xelovnebis is- Rvrebis gaxsnis Semdeg, kiriles
toriis specialisti, ti po- saSualeba mieca, Casuliyo Ta-
grafiis didi ostati da erT- vis ZmasTan safrangeTSi. sab-
erTi yvelaze eqstraordina- WoTa mxatvrobis marwuxebisgan
ruli gamomcemeli, romelTanac ganTavisuflebuli tiloebi
TanamSromlobdnen evropuli nel-nela kvlav ibruneben seza-
kulturis iseTi udidesi fi- nisTvis Cveul xalas ferebsa
gurebi, rogorebic arian pikaso da omamdeli safrangeTis didi ataSe, Joel basteneri, ambobs
da maqs erntsi. parizSi is mego- mimdinareobebiT STagonebul erT-erT interviuSi, Znelia,
brobs yvelaze perspeqtiul po- formebs. i povno msoflio kulturis
etebTan da igonebs istoriaSi adamiani,
qsovilebis eskize- romelmac ise daakav-
bs cnobili samod- Sira ori qvynis kul-
elo saxlebisTvis. tura erTmaneTs, ro-
1927 wlidan xelmZ- gorc es Zmebma zdan-
Rvanelobs Sanelis eviCebma moaxerxes:
samodelo saxlis “swored zdaneviCebi
qsovilebis qarxa- iyvnen is xelovanebi,
nas. romlebmac firos-
Aaranakleb sain- manisa da piaksos da-
tereso xelovania kavSirebiT, erTmaneTs
kirile zdaneviCi:
daaaxloves qarTuli
fermweri, grafiko-
da franguli avan-
si, Teatris mxat-
gardistuli xelov-
vari. Eis iyo mx-
neba. Tqven kargad
atvari, romlis ni-
iciT zdaneviCebi, ro-
WiT TviT pikasoc
gorc qarTveli xe-
ki aRfrTovanda da
lovanebi, adamianebi,
parizSi gamarTul
romlebmac qarTuli
gamofenaze kiriles
kulturis ganviTare-
tilos gverdiT
bisTvis bevri gaa-
kedelze miawera
“5+pikaso”- ase Seafasa udides- Zmebi zdaneviCebis gansa- keTes. Tumca, vfiqrob, naklebad
ma mxatvarma, kirile zdaneviCi. kuTrebuli damsaxureba udide- iciT is, Tu ra didi roli Sea-
kirile maleve iqceva repre- si qarTveli mxatvris, niko srula ilia zdaneviCma meoce
firosmanis aRmoCenaa. zdanevi- saukunis frangul kulturul
Cebi rom ara SesaZloa, niko cxovrebaSi.”
firosmanis tiloebs Cvenamde swored safrageTis saelCo
verc moeRwia. isini iyvnen misi da Joel basteneri saqarT-
tiloebis pirveli koleqcio- velos erovnul muzeumTan er-
nerebi. am gziT, uamravi naxati Tad iyvnen am marTlac unikal-
gadaarCines dakargvas da ganad- uri gamofenis organizatorebi.
gurebas. Gidea ki kirile zdaneviCis
zdaneviCebma udidesi wvli- erT-erT STamomavals, Tavadac
li Seitanes firosmanis popu- mxatvars, yaraman quTaTelaZes,
larizaciaSi ara marto saqa- ekuTvnis. qarTuli modernizmis
rTveloSi, aramed evropaSic. mamebad wodebuli mxatvrebis
swored, ilia zdaneviCis damsax- gamofenam erT Tves gastana.
urebaa firosmanisa da pikasos Nnoembris TveSi, maTi namuSevre-
daaxloebac. bi kvlav safrangeTisa da saqa-
rogorc saqarTveloSi saf- rTvelos muzeumebis sacavebs
rangeTis saelCos kulturis daubrunda.
7
 a rti
rt i

adamiani, romelic
nino gogliCiZe

mas modernizmis fuZemdeblad miiCneven avstriul ferweraSi, radgan uaryo im dros

arsebuli yovelgvari stereoti pi da akrZalva. is arasdros SeuSinebia sazogadoebis
uaryofiTi reaqcias da darwmunebuli iyo, rom mxatvrobaSi, Tundac alegoriuli saxiT,
realobis warmosaCenad, aucilebelia gulwrfeloba.
albaT, amitom gamosWvivis gus-
tav klimtis yvela namuSevridan
gulwrfeli erotizmi. mas Seswevs
Zala, sul umniSvnelo detalSic
ki dainaxos silamaze. Tumca, unda
aRiniSnos, rom klimtis mxatvroba-
Si mTavari qalis sxeulia.
klimtis Semoqmedeba dRemde
araerTi xelovanisaTvis qceula
STagonebis wyarod. sxvadasxva
prestiJul auqcionze misi naxatebi
aseul milion dolarad iyideba.
erT-erTi namuSevari `adel blox-
baueris portreti” 2006 wels dax-
urul auqcionze 135 milion dol-
arad gaiyida.
gustav klimti 1862 wlis 14 iv-
liss daibada avstriaSi, qalaq
bumgartenSi. mamamisi, ernest klim-
ti, mxatvar-graviori da iuveliri
iyo. qveyanaSi arsebuli mZime eko-
nomikuri fonis gamo, klimtis bavS-
vobam siRaribeSi Caiara. mis mSo-
blebs, romlebsac mudmivi samuSao
ar hqondaT, SvidSviliani ojaxis
rCena Zalian uWirdaT. aRsaniSna-
via, rom ernest klimtis samive vaJi
mxatvari gaxda. maT xatva mamam as-
wavla.
8
gustavma venis samxatvro-saxe-
losno skola daamTavra arqiteq-
turuli dekoratoris profesiiT.
is axalgazrdobidanve iziarebda
samxatvro ganaTlebis konserva-
tiul da akademiur princi pebs.
1880 wlidan Tavis ZmasTan da me-
gobrebTan erTad monawileobda
venis burgTeatrisa da samxatvro
istoriuli muzeumis moxatvaSic.
xelovnebisTvis gaweuli Rvawlis
gamo, 1888 wels avstriis imperator-
ma oqros jvriT daajildova da
miunxenisa da venis universitetis
sapatio wevric gaxda.
klimti venis secesionis moZrao-
bis erT-erTi damaarsebelia. is, am
moZraobis prezidenti da amavdrou-
lad, Jurnalis “Ver Sacrum”-is ga-
momcemelia. Tavdapirvelad, es moZ-
raoba miznad isaxavda moZraobis
wevr mxatvarTa namuSevrebis popu-
larizacias Jurnalis saSuale-
biT, niWieri ucxoeli mxatvrebis
Semoqmedebis venaSi gamofenas da
axalgazrda avstrieli mxatvrebis
uCveulo stilis namuSevrebis
gamofenebis mowyobas. secesionSi
erTiandebodnen naturalizmis, re-
 a rti
rt i

CarCoSi ver eqceva

alizmisa da simbolizmis mimdevari
mxatvrebi. maT erTiani manifesti
ar miuRiaT, magram cdilobdnen, erT
stilSi emuSavaT. avstriis xelisu-
flebam mxari dauWira klimtisa da
misi Tanamoazreebis am saintereso
wamowyebas da sagamofeno darbazis
asaSeneblad qalaqSi miwa misca
arendiT.
1894 wels klimtis namuSevre-
ba SokSi Caagdo sazogadoeba.
mas daavales venis universitetis
mTavari Senobis sami naxatiT ga-
formeba, namuSevrebma `medicina”,
`iurisprudencia” da `filosofia”
sazogadoebis araerTgvarovani
reaqcia gamoiwvia: akritikebdnen
pornografiulobis gamo. klimtma
gardaqmna tradiciuli alegoriu-
li simboloebi axleburad, eroti-
ulobis xazgasmiT, romelic kidev
ufro aRizianebda konservatiuli
Sexedulebebis damTvalierebels.
sazogadoebis yvela fena daupirisp-
irda: politikuri, religiuri da
TviT esTetikuric ki. Sedegad, misi
namuSevrebi universitetis Seno-
baSi aRar gamoufeniaT. am faqtma
klimti aiZula, sabolood eTqva
uari sazogadoebrivi SekveTebis
Sesrulebaze. Kmisi es sami namuSe-
vari ki, meore msoflio omis dros
saxulia SiSveli wiTuri qali, bunebis SesaniRbad miTologiur da
romelsac xelT upyria WeS- alegoriul simbolikas aqtiurad
maritebis sarke. amasTan,N moyva- iyenebda. misi menature meZavi qale-
nilia citata Sileris nawarmoebi-
dan: ,,Tu ar ZalgiZs, Seni saqmiTa da
xelovnebiT moewono yvelas, sjobs,
cotas moewono, radgan moswonde
yvelas, es borotebaa”.
klimtis `oqros xana” kritikos-
Ta dadebiTad Seafases. es mis
SemoqmedebaSi saukeTeso da erT-
erTi yvelaze nayofieri periodia.
saxelwodeba “oqros xana” klimtis
namuSevrebis mooqrovebis Semdeg
gaCnda. mooqrovebis meTodi mxat-
varma pirvelad ”aTenis sasaxlesa”
da “iudiTSi” gamoiyena. klimtis
moRvaweobis am periodis yvelaze
cnobili namuSevari ”kocnaa”, ro-
melic gamoirCeva oqrosferi foniT,
bizantiuris msgavsi simbolikiT.
mxatvari imeorebs veneciis mozai-
kis stils, romelic italiaSi mog-
zaurobisas naxa. am periodisaTvis
klimti gatacebuli iyo dekora-
tiuli xelovnebiT 1904 wels mx- bi nebismier erotiul pozirebaze
atvarTa jgufTan erTad man gaaf- iyvnen Tanaxma.
orma mdidari belgieli mewarmis, klimti Zalian cotas werda xe-
stoklis, sasaxle, romelic dRei- lovnebaSi sakuTari xedvisa da
saTvis art-nuevos mimdinareobis xatvis miseuli meTodebis Sesaxeb.
yvelaze cnobili namuSevaria. ar awarmoebda dRiurs. misi epis-
klimtis cxovrebis wesi sak- tolaruli memkvidreobac faqtob-

faSistebma gaanadgures. maod martivi iyo. mis cxovrebaSi

xelovnebaTmcodneebis azriT,
klimtis namuSevrebSi erotizmis
siWarbe da qalis sxeulis aras-
tandartuli formebi, im periodis-
aTvis fsiqologiur mecnierebebSi
gabatonebuli mosazrebis (adamia-
nis cxovelur instinqtebze daqvem-
debareba) klimtiseuli perifrazia
mxatvrobaSi.
1899 wlis namuSevari “SiSveli
simarTle” kidev erTi gamowvevaaAs-
azogadoebisaTvis. naxatze gamo-
udidesi adgili ekava ferwerasa
da ojaxs. ZiriTadad Sin muSaob-
da, sxva mxatvrebTan ar megobrob-
da. sicocxleSive iyo cnobili da
aRiarebuli xelovnebis moyvarul
sazogadoebaSi. amitom yovelTvis
bevri SekveTa hqonda. Tumca, popu-
laroba saSualebas aZlevda, mx-
olod misTvis saintereso SekveTe-
bze emuSava.
rodenis msgavsad, klimtic saku-
Tari Rrma da erotizmiT aRsavse
rivad, ar arsebobs, radgan meuR-
lesac ki mxolod Ria baraTebs
ugzavnida.
mxatvari Tavis nawarmoebSi, `ko-
mentari ararsebul portretze,”
wers, rom mxatvrobaSi asaxvis sa-
gnad misTvis gacilebiT sain-
teresoni sxva adamianebi iyvnen, vi-
dre TviTon: `me var mxatvari, ro-
melic dilidan daRamebamde xatavs.
visac Cemi ukeT gacnoba surs, sjobs,
Cemi naxatebi ukeT daaTvalieros”.
9

mxatvroba, rogorc virusi
ana daviTaSvili
“CemTvis, yvelaze sayvareli mxatvari, genialuri. amaze bevrs ver ilaparakeb, cxadia
laparakic usasrulod SeiZleba, magram es unda naxoT”. mere didi da savaraudod, mZime
CanTidan erT-erT wigns iRebs, mxatvris gvarsa da saxels ambobs da iwyeba... “naxeT,
bavSvebo, saocaria, ara? musikaa, harmoniaa, ismis, metyvelebs, moZraobs, cocxalia...”
saubrobs epoqaze, mxatvarze, mis pi-
rad cxovrebaze. cdilobs, leqcia sain-
tereso ambebiT gaaxalisos. yveba ambebs
ise, TiTqos Tavad Seeswro,
naxa, moismina da axla, Cven,
umcros megobrebs gvizi-
arebs.
icis, rogor daain-
teresos mxatvrobiT is
adamiani, visac am sferosTan
Sexeba ar hqonia. mere es
yvelaferi inteleqtualur
Woraobas emsgavseba, infor-
macia icvleba.
gia buRaZe amas mowamv-
las adarebs. misTvis mx-
atvroba virusia, romelic
unda Segeyaros, magram ver
ganikurno. davadebaa, rom-
lis vaqcina ar arsebobs.
unda dainaxo yvelaferi
siRrmiseulad, radgan nam-
dvili xelovani zedapirze
saTqmels arasdros debs.
swored amis swavleba
unda studentebisTvis. “me
Tqveni niSani da krediti
ar mainteresebs. niSani
geqnebaT yvelas. me minda,
rom aqedan raRac, minimal-
uri mainc, waiRoT.”
“yvelaze sayvareli, gamorCeuli”
_ es is frazebia, romelsac TiTqmis
yoveli saubrisas iyenebs mxatvarze,
visac leqcias uZRvnis. students, rom
hkiTxoT, vinaa gia buRaZis sayvareli
mxatvario, piero dela franCeskaTi dai-
wyebs da daviT kakabaZiT daasrulebs
vrcel CamonaTvals.
mas SeuZlia studentebs daanaxos
kandinskisa da pikasos mier figurebad
daSlili is samyaro, romelsac magali-
Tad, van gogi xatavda.
ismis vagneris simfonia, oTaxis oTxi
kedelTan verc erTs dainaxavT. yvelgan
naxatebia Camokidebuli, miwyobili, erT-
maneTze. es samxatvro akademiis reqto-
ris kabinetia. ufro saxelosno, vidre
kabineti. “mobrZandiT, ginaxavT sadme
10
pro fi
prof illi
i
Strixebi portretisTvis
aseTi kabineti? aba rogor, ise xom ar
vijdebi? Tan vxatav, Tan vmuSaob” mol-
berti, palitra, saRebavebiT dasvrili
tilo, bevri funji da nairnairi feris
saRebavi gia buRaZis kabinetis ucvle-
li binadrebi arian.
oTaxis marcxena kuTxeSi Zveli magi-
da da rogorc TviTon ambobs, sabWoTa
savarZeli dgas. am savarZelSi iSviaTad
jdeba. ar uyvars araferi, rac sabWoeTs
axsenebs. amitom daSala e.w rusuli
“t”-s msgavsi magida, Semoatriala da
aqcia erT did marTkuTxa magidad, ro-
melic uSualo saubrebisTvisaa da ara-
vis statussa da Tanamdebobas ar usvams
xazs.
msuqani kubidoni, romelsac mSvildi
moumarjvebia, qalisa da mamakacis gamo-
saxuleba..
Zvel wignebSi Canaxatebs akeTebs.
“raRacaSi xom unda gamoviyeno. es Zve-
li kalendaria, romelic evropaSi viz-
itisas maCuqes, axla Canaxatebs vakeTeb.”
uyvars klasikuri musika, opera. Cveni
Sexvedra vagneris musi-
kis fonze Sedga. awuxebs
mxatvrobisa da mxat-
vrebis mimarT gamoCenili
gulgriloba. erovnuli
galereis arqona. miaCnia,
rom strategiuli Secdoma,
romelic xelisuflebam
dauSva, galereis daxurva
iyo. “pirdapir SemiZlia
giTxraT, rom Cven vkar-
gavT Taobebs. samwuxaroa,
rom dRes yvelaze metad
xelovnebis is dargia da-
kninebuli, romelic xels
uwyobs gemovnebis Camoyal-
ibebas. albaT, amiT gamoix-
ateba Cveni ugemovno gamox-
tomebi.
axalgazrdebs ar aqvT
SesaZlebloba, Tavi sadme
warmoaCinon da ara marto
axalgazrdebs, Cvenc Sedar-
ebiT Zveli Taobis warmo-
madgenlebs.”
erovnuli galereis ar-
qonas ukavSirebs sazoga-
doebis arc Tu karg
damokidebulebas mxatvrebis mimarT.
mxatvrebs giJebad Tvlian. ar vici,
SesaZloa, Cvenc vaZlevT amis mizezs, ma-
gram vfiqrob, problema mainc is aris,
rom sazogadoebas ar aqvs SesaZlebloba
ukeT gaicnos Tavisi qveynis xelovani.”
sjera simbloebis. uyvars maTi axsna,
filosofiidan mxatvrobaSi, mxatvrobi-
dan dRevandelobaSi gadmotana.
“Cemi qaliSvili davxate 4 wliT
adre, vidre is am qveyanas moevlinebo-
da. is aRmocenda iseTi, rogoric aris
dRes”. sjera, rom ubralod araferi
xdeba.
“Cemi mizani ar aris da verc iqneba,
gaqcioT xelovnebaTmcodneebad. sagnis
saxeli da is, rasac Cven vswavlobT,
SesaZloa, daSorda erTmaneTs, magram

erTs mivaRwie, Tqven ukve mxatvrulad
azrovnebT. SegiZliaT sxva kuTxiT dain-
axoT mxatvris samyaro.” mere isev mZime
CanTas gadaswvdeba da morig alboms
iRebs amerikeli mxatvari endriu ueisi
A(endrew Wyeth) siCumea, xmas ar iRebs,
ubralod furclavs. Cumad arian stu-
dentebic. pirveli, rac TavSi amomitiv-
tivda, iyo selenjeri, mere heminguei, ai,
rogori iqneboda maTi samyaro tiloze,
rom gadmosuliyo wignis furclebidan.
saubars xSirad wyvets da svams kiTx-
vas: “bavSvebo, xom momyvebiT? Tu sadme
azri gagiwydaT SemawyvetineT, mkiTxeT.
es ar aris advili gasagebi, magram Tqven
gaigebT, unda gaigoT.”
guli swydeba, rom bevr rameze ver
moaxerxa saubari. erTi semestri sakma-
risi ar aris. albaT, arc ori da sami,
ase fiqrobs TviTon, magram SedegiT mainc
kmayofilia.
kmayofilia, Tundac imitom, rom naxa,
saqme ar ise cudadaa, rac mTavaria stu-
dentebSi aris interesi, romelsac gaR-
viveba unda da Sedegi aucileblad amova
zedapirze. “bednieri var, rom mec miviRe
monawileoba am saqmeSi. warmoidgineT,
Tqven midixarT mxatvarTan, saubrisas ux-
senebT luka siniorelis (luca signiorelli),
fra anJelikos (fra angelico) da damewmu-
neT, is Tqven sul sxvanairad daginaxavT.”
uyvars, rodesac paralels avlebs, WeS-
maritebisa da mxatvrobis urTierTkav-
Sirs Soris.
ferebis epoqis da mixedviT aRqmaze
xSirad mohyavs magaliTi mSvenieri ele-
nas Tmis fersa da spilenZisfer zRvaze.
ufro martivi rom iyos, SeuZlia
saleqcio darbazSi aCvenos pop-artis
magaliTi. “gavCumdeT yvela. usmineT, Tan-
daTan SemouSviT sxvadasxva xma goneba-
Si.”
gareT wvims da wvTebis xma ismis, viRa-
cis telefoni zuzunebs, gverdze oTaxSi
onkani mouSves, sadRac, Sors musikis xma
ismis, darbazSi ki siCumea.
“ai es aris pop-arti. yvelaferi, rac
Cvens irgvliv xdeba. ubralod, saWiroa
garkveuli doziT Seajero da da erT
yuTSi moaTavso”
a rti
rt i
abstraqcionisti SemoqmedebaSi,
realisti _ cxovrebaSi
mariam dedabriSvili
7-8 wlis iyo, rodesac CaTvala, rom saskolo wignis furclebze
darCenili carieli adgilebi arc ise kargad gamoiyureboda da
isini Tavisi xeliT moxata.
avTo mosiaSvils xatva debma Seay- avs. fasi damokidebulia ara zomaze,
vares. 14 wlis iyo, rodesac duSeT- aramed Sesrulebis doneze. ,,Tu su-
Si praqtikaze samxatvro akademiis raTs yidi, iseTi fasi unda gadaixadon,
studentebi Cavidnen. is studentebs rom Rirdes gayidva, radgan TiToeu-
yvelgan dayveboda da maT saqmiano- li naxati Zalian miyvars da guli
bas akvirdeboda, isini ki saRebavebs mwydeba.”-ambobs batoni avTo..
Cuqnidnen. skolis damTavrebis Semdeg ambobs, rom abstraqcia Zalian rTu-
samxatvro akademiaSi Caabara. lia da gansakuTrebuli niWi sWird-
axla cnobili mxatvaria. ambobs, eba. is iseTi stilia, rom Tu kargi
rom arcerTi gamofena ar gamoutove- realisti ar xar, ar gamogiva. TviTon
didi realis-
turi skola
ganvlo da
misi realis-
turi naxatebi
fotografiis
donemde iyo
misuli. Aam
etapze ki mx-
olod abstraq-
cias xatavs.
zogjer mis
naxatebze am-
boben, rom bavS-
vis donisaa.
,,pikasom Tqva:
neta, me bavSvi-
bia da gamofenebi evropaSic aqvs. viT vxatavde da msoflioSi pirveli
1990 wels saqarTvelos damsaxure- mxatvari viqnebodi.” mec veTanxmebi,
bul mxatvrad daasaxeles. misi TqmiT, radgan bavSvis donemde dasvla Za-
im baRSi sadac is yovel SabaT-kviras lian Znelia. misi cnobiereba ufro
gamodis, mxolod 4-5 mxatvaria. dan- sufTaa. ar SeiZleba, is SezRudo da
arCenebi ki gadayolilebi arian er- detalebis gazomva aswavlo. es komu-
Tisa da imaves xatvas, raTa kargad nistebis dros xdeboda. bavSvi Tavis
gayidon. es ukve mxatvroba aRar aris, nebaze unda miuSva.
es daStampvaa. TviTon ki arasdros ras fiqroben kolegebi? rogorc
iStampeba. ambobs, rom SeuZlebelia kinomxatvari Temur arjevaniZe ambobs:
orjer erTi da imave naxatis daxatva. ,avTandili ufrosi Taobis mxatvaria
gansakuTrebiT ki im stilSi, raSic is da am baRSi erT-erTi saukeTesoa. ro-
xatavs - es abstraqciaa. gorc fermweri Seudarebelia. misi
winaswar arasodes icis ras dax- mxatvroba Zalian Tavisufali, Temat-
atavs. ,,rodesac vjdebi dasaxatad da urad SeuzRudavia. rodesac inter-
vuyureb tilos, TviTon modis idea, netiT msoflio xelovnebas vecnobi,
ra unda davxato. erTi xazic rom misi donis abstraqciebs ver vawyde-
gaavlo, isic mxatvruli unda iyos. bi.”
Semdeg ukve ostatobazea damokidebu- xolo Tavad avTandil mosiaSvilis
li rogor mixval iqamde, rom suraTs TqmiT, mis Semoqmedebaze sxvadasxva
dasrulebuli saxe hqondes. TviTon azri aqvT. zogi afasebs, zogic ara,
xatvis procesi Ziebis procesia.” magram ar aqvs ambicia. yvelas mos-
_ mas naxatebi evropis yvela qveya- wondes. ,,RmerTma damifaros Cemi
naSi aqvs gayiduli. Tanac iq bevrad naxatebi yvelas moewonos. Tu yvela
mets ixdian, vidre saqarTveloSi. gaiyideba, maSin Cemi xelovnebis fasi
saxelosnoSi aqvs 10 000-ad Sefase- nulia. Tu asidan erT kacs mainc
buli naxatic, mas galereisTvis inax- moewoneba, madlobeli viqnebi.”
11
 l it a rti

mTvariani Rameebi
anu modi da ende
`izmebs~...

nazi jalaRania

misi nawarmoebebis mTavari Tema Rirseba, sikeTe, si-

yvaruli, borotebis winaaRmdeg Seupovari brZola da
Tavisuflebisken swrafvaa. misi Semoqmedeba Targmnilia
mraval enaze. araerTi nawarmoebi safuZvlad daedo
cnobil kinofilmebsa da telespeqtaklebs.

dRe ukve dasasruls uax- guram doCanaSvili im dros datrialeba ZaluZs.

lovdeboda. Zvel mixveul-
moxveul quCebze wyvili mid-
ioda. gogos saxlamde misasv-
lel gzebs SeZlebisdagvarad
“agrZelebdnen.” wyvili kamos
quCaze erT-erTi saxlis win gaC-
erda.
gurams ucnauri grZnoba dae-
ufla. axla, rogorc arasdros,
ise mZafrad igrZno, Tu ras gad-
aurCa igi cota xnis win: man
swored is gogo airCia uamrav-
Ta Soris, vinc im saxlSi cxov-
robda, romelzec saidumlo
jguf “gorgaslianis” pirveli
proklamacia gaakra.
12
iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis
Tbilisis saxelmwifo univer-
sitetSi istoriis fakultetze
swavlobda. momavali meuRle,
naTela sefiaSvili, swored uni-
versitetSi gaicno. „dedamiwas
siyvaruli atrialebs, dome-
niko.... ase rom ara, daiqceoda,”
_ mkafiod gaismoda bnelSi, _
“amdeni codva daamZimebda, do-
meniko, veRar SeZlebda brun-
vas, zog-zogebisadmi siyvaruli
rom ara.“ es nawyvetia romani-
dan „samoseli pirveli“. misi
ojaxic im ZaliT arsebobda da
arsebobs, romelsac dedamiwis
mwerlisTvis misabaZi magali-
Ti firosmani da vaJa fSavelaa.
doCanaSvils firosmanis araer-
Ti suraTis garCeva aqvs dawer-
ili, romelic ”mTvariani Ramis”
(“fiqrebi firosmanze”) saxeli-
Taa CvenTvis cnobili. rogorc
is wers: ”firosmani da vaJa
fSavela Cemi xatebia. didi fer-
mweridan prozaikosi yvelafers
unda swavlobdes da amave
dros, velaskesis mravawaxnago-
vani sidiade da gvirgvinovani
cdebi unda hqondes. velaskesis
ori naxati, “ramdenad adre,”
naRdi “impresionizmia,” modi da
amis Semdeg, izmebs ende, ramdeni
saSualeba aqvs ferwerasa da
musikas, ramdeni feri, xazi, bgera,
ritmi, magram yovelTvis maxsovs,
kacobriobis upirvelesi da um-
Tavresi monapovari, biblia, sity-
viT romaa Seqmnili, mainc udia-
desia, da TiTqos utyvi sasveni
niSebi ra erTgulad hyavs…vera-
sodes moigonebs da Seqmnis ada-
miani imas, rac bibliaSi araa”.
umcrosi vaJi, irakli, tragi-
kulad daiRupa. es mZime dReebi
doCanaSvils sasuliero pireb-
ma da uaxloesma megobrebma
gadaatanines, ramac gansakuTreb-
ulad daaxlova ufalTan da
eklesiasTan. ufalma ki male is
gamougzavna, vinc misi cxovre-
ba kvlav gaacocxla. es misi
SviliSvili, TinaTin Wkuaselia.
 l ita
it art
rtii

mwerlis yvelaze sayvareli wi-

nadadeba swored, patara TinaTi-
nis mier warmoTqmuli sityvebia:
„babua giJia imitom, rom Cemze
giJdeba“.
”Tu adamiani qristes mimde-
varia, romelmac sikvdiliT si-
cocxle daamarcxa, yovel dasas-
rulSi, Tundac tragikulSi,
unda eZebdes axal sicocxles~.
guram doCanaSvilma mesame
cxovreba eklesiurobaSi hpova.
dRemde sasoebiT ixsenebs, Tu
rogor miiRo patriarqma umZimes
dReebSi Svilis daRupvis Sem-
dgom da rogor anugeSa: ”xom
gaaCnia, ra xma geubneba, ra Tva-
lebi giyurebs, ra xibli adgas.
is cocxali wmindania. ise gva-
nugeSa... man gadagvarCina. Torem
ar vici, rogor gadavitandiT.”
rogorc misi moTxrobis erT- pirvel bavSvur protestsac piriqiT fiqrobT. baton gurams
erTi gmiri, kaci, romelsac lit- ixsenebs: ”ar gamiSves ezoSi sa- Tu hkiTxavT, iciT, sikvdili ra
eratura Zlier uyvarda, anu va- TamaSod, axali naavadmyofari aris?
sil keJeraZe, ocnebobs ”karcer- viyavi da fanjris rafaze davd- rogorc misi erT-erTi gmiri
luqsis” arsebobaze, aseve, ba- eqi. viTom quCaSi davdiodi da ambobs romanidan ”samoseli
toni guramic didi siamovnebiT bebiaCemisa da babuaCemis jinze pirveli,” ”sikvdili rom ar
dauSvebda am utopiis arsebo- viTom gubeebSi vatyapunebdi iyos, aRar iqneboda amqveynad
bas. bolos da bolos „yoveli fexebs. eg iyo Cemi pirveli guladi da laCari, mdidari da
normaluri moTxrobis wakiTx- moTxroba – warmovidgine, is mona, TviT sikeTe da borote-
vis Semdeg, xdebi odnav ukeTesi, gamekeTebina warmosaxviT, rac bac ar iqneboda. sikvdili rom
vidre xar, ufro Wkviani, vidre ver SevZeli. es warmosaxva etyo- ar iyos, ar dagvWirdeboda arc
iyavi.... esec sakmarisia - ukeTesi ba, mere nel-nela ganviTarda.” brZola da erTmaneTis Jleta,
xdebi“. arasodes gifiqriaT, ra kar- magram arc mosavlisTvis miwis
”ise adridan maxsovs Cemi Tavi, gi iqneboda, sikvdili rom ar dabarva dagvWirdeboda, arc os-
rom merideba Tqma. egonebaT, rom iyos? arasodes aukvnesebix- taturi sityva-pasuxi, arc visime
tyuils vambob, magram sam wels arT axloblis dakargviT mo- SiSi gveqneboda da arc keTile-
rom gadavcdi, iqedan Cemi Tavi tanil tkivils da dagigmiaT bi viqnebodiT, arc bednierni
karagad maxsovs.” mokvdavoba? an SeiZleba, sulac
da arc ubedurni, aRaraferi ar
viqnebodiT, vinRa
gagvarCevda, sikvdi-
li rom ar iyos…
mTeli is Cveni
usasrulo sicocx-
le aRaraferi iqne-
boda. axla ki, axla
sikvdili rom aris,
sicocxle sicocx-
lea..”
da bolos, kiTxva,
romelsac batoni
gurami dausvamda
sakuTar Tavs da
pasuxsac ar daay-
ovnebda: “vin ro-
gori xarT, rogora
xarT?” da Tumc,
amomwuravi, magram
verafriSvili pa-
suxi: “ar vici”.
13
 l it a rti
qeTa RvinefaZe

mwerali, romelic
fiqrobda ise, rogorc
Cven vocnebobT

mas XXI-e saukunis pirvel mwerals uwodeben kritikosebi, miuxedavad imisa, rom XX
saukuneSi cxovrobda. “niWi iSviaTad emTxveva popularobas. paviCi, am mxriv, bednier
gamonaklisad SeiZleba, miviCnioT” – werdnen masze.
postmodernizmisa da magiuri realizmis me-20
saukunis erT-erTi yvelaze mkafio figura, no-
belis premiis nominanti. adamiani, romlis Semoq-
medebazec msoflio presa saubrobda... serbi po-
eti, mwerali da mTargmneli daibada 1929 wlis 15
oqtombers, belgradSi. rogorc Tavad ambobs, sa-
moTxis oTxi mdinaridan erT-erTis, dunais sana-
piroze, dilis cxris naxevarze.
bavSvobis yvelaze didi STabeWdileba uka-
vSirdeboda dedis naTesavebs, romlebic cxov-
robdnen dunais meore mxares, mdinare tamiSis
sanapiroze. mwerali ixsenebda, rom erTxel bavS-
vobaSi am mdinareze naviT seirnobisas sazamTro
iyides darajisgan. is iqve, patara qoxSi cxov-
robda. mwerlis dam hkiTxa darajs, karg mamulSi
iyo Tu ara moweuli sazamTro. “eSmaksac wauRia
misi patroni!”- miiRo pasuxad. rodesac gaikiTxes,
mixvdnen, rom sakuTari nakveTidanve eyidaT sazam-
Tro, romlis mflobelic paviCis babua gaxldaT.
am momajadoebeli mamulis nawilma SeaRwia mwer-
lis SemoqmedebaSic.
mwerlis gviani mogonebebi belgradis univer-
sitetis filosofiis fakultetze swavlis pe-
riods ukavSirdeba. “maxsovs, SeSis RumelebiT
gamTbari kvamliani auditoriebi, zamTris sveli
qurTukebis suni... Cemi bevri megobari modioda
saswavleblad pirdapir jaridan... yvelafer amis
Semdeg, imdenad didi dro gavida, rom, rodesac
vixseneb, realobas aRarc hgavs” _ ambobda paviCi.
Tumca, am civ da nestian dReebs mainc hqondaT
dadebiTi mxare: maSin SeeZlo, dRe-Ramis nebismi-
14
er monakveTSi ewera. bolo dros weras mxolod
saRamoobiT an diliT adre axerxebda.
danarCeni cxovreba misTvis imdenad iyo gai-
givebuli mwerlobasTan, rom Tamamad ambobda, bi-
ografia ar maqvso.
misi bibliografia TiTqmis zedmiwevniT asax-
avs avtoris cxovrebas. es iyo milorad paviCisT-
vis yvelaze mTavari movlena or did, uiRblo da
iRblian siyvarulTan erTad. iasmina mixailoviCi,
mwerlis meuRle da redaqtori, yovelTvis pirve-
lad ecnoboda axal nawarmoebebs.
pirvelma siyvarulma ki, romelic iasamnisfrad
axsendeboda mwerals, Zalian bevri ram aswavla.
xSirad ixsenebda maSindel melodias, gogonas
kabis fers da sxva misamarTze SecdomiT gagza-
vnil sasiyvarulo baraTs.
paviCisTvis mesame mniSvnelovan movlena iyo
is, rom asakis gamo ar monawileobda omSi. mas
arasdros auRia xelSi iaraRi da aravin mouk-
lavs. miuxedavad imisa, rom serbeTSi ramdenime
wlis ganmavlobaSi orjer iyo saomari viTareba,
Tumca, yvelaze didi imedgacruebac gamarjve-
bebma moutana: “me aravin momiklavs, magram me
mklavdnen sikvdilamde bevrad ufro adre. Cemi
wignebisTvis ukeTesi iqneboda, rom maTi avtori
yofiliyo, magaliTad, Turqi an germaneli. me xom
viyavi yvelaze cnobili avtori yvelaze saZulve-
li xalxis, serbebis”.
miuxedavad imisa, rom, rogorc Tavadve aRniS-
navda, literatorTa dinastiidan iyo (misma wi-
naparma jer kidev 1766 wels gamosca leqsebis
 l it a rti

krebuli), Tavidan didi popularobiT ar sarge- di aeara farTod gavrcelebuli sworxazovani

blobda. misi pirveli moTxrobebi, “mwyemsis am- TxrobisTvis da mkiTxvelisTvis SeeTavazebina
bavi” da “marias sami Secdoma,” sxvadasxva arqiteqtonikis ro-
daikarga. axsovda mxolod is, manebi: leqsikonis, krosvordis,
rom nawarmoebebi 1947 wels sizmrebis da taros kartze
skolis gazeTSi gamoaqveynes da mkiTxaobis princi piT agebulic
kedelze gaakres. Semdeg, avtors ki.
es moTxrobebi aRar unaxavs. ro- “xazaruli leqsikonis” dawer-
gorc Tavad ambobda, isini, albaT, is idea jer kidev studentobi-
hgavdnen mis axlandel nawerebs sas hqonda. wera ki mxolod 1978
da TandaTan tovebdnen mas. iseve, wels daiwyo, roca sabolood
rogorc mSobliur saxls tove- Camoayaliba leqsikonis ti pis
ben Svilebi, romelTa bedzec romanis idea. avtori miiCnevda,
ukve verafriT moaxdens gavle- rom sizmrebis struqtura war-
nas. “asec unda iyos: Svilebma moadgens idealur matricas
unda ajobon mSoblebs, iseve, ro- arasworxazovani TxrobisTvis.
gorc nawarmoebebma _ avtors.” sizmrebi ki, mis yvela nawarmoe-
werda Zalian nela, umetesad bSi sxvadasxvagvaria. mis ojax-
Zilis win, fiqrebiT. eSinoda, Si diliT xSirad yvebodnen, vis
rom ase romelime Rirebul fra- ra daesizmra, paviCi iwerda ro-
zas dakargavda. amitom xSirad gorc Tavis, ise sxvis sizmrebs.
SuaRamisas dgeboda sawoli- “veTanxmebi im amerikel kri-
dan, raTa Canawerebi gaekeTe- tikoss, romelmac Tqva: “sizmre-
bina lamazydian bloknotebSi, bi Cems nawarmoebebSi froidTan
romelTac meuRle yidulobda SedarebiT sxva rols TamaSoben
misTvis. da me maT sxvagvarad aRviqvam”.
romanis weras sizifes Sromis roman “CaiT Sesrulebul
simZimes adarebda, im gansxvave- peizaJSi” moTxrobilia mwer-
biT, rom lodi, sabednierod, ukan ki ar brunde- lis cxovreba aTonis wminda mTaze, sxvadasxva
ba, aramed gordeba mTis meore mxares, pirdapir monasterSi. igi ambobda, rom iq, gandegilad an
mkiTxvelis xelSi. dae, man, vis xelSic is moxvdeba, berebTan erTad cxovrebisas, yovelma Cvenganma
Tavad gadawyvitos, rogor moiqces. Tvlida, rom SeiZleba, Zalian bevri ram gaigos sakuTar Tavsa
romanSi araa saWiro winaswar raimes mofiqreba, da amqveyniur mowodebaze.
is Tavisuflad XXI saukune ki Teatralizebuli aRmoCnda
unda gaizardos mwerlisTvis. 2002 wels reJisorma vladimir
avtoris warmosax- petrovma moskovSi gauSva pirveli interaqtiuli
vaSi da mxolod mercxali da Cexovis saxleobis Teatris scenaze
odnav sWirdeba dadga piesa “Teatraluri meniu, anu usasrulo-
daxmareba mTaze ba da kidev erTi dRe”. amave wels iyo TomaJ
asvlisas. “mokled panduris “xazaruli leqsikonis” premiera bel-
rom iTqvas, sax- gradSi, 2003 wels ki peterburgSi - “kacobriobis
lis agebas iwye- mokle istoria”. “SemiZlia, vTqva, rom me sicox-
ben saZirkveliT leSive miviRe is, rasac bevri mwerali mxolod
da ara saxuravi- gardacvalebis Semdeg iRebs”.
dan. dasasruls ki, ambobda, rom mkiTxveli unda uyvardes. Tumca
uTxariT sakuTar es ar gamosdioda, radgan “SeuZlebelia, giyvar-
Tavs is, rac Tqva des jer ardabadebuli SvilTaSvili, Tundac
puSkinma, rodesac is Sen Zalian ggavdes”. Tumca, aqve aRniSnavda,
daasrula “evgeni rom literaturis momavali mkiTxvelis xelSia.
onegini” da “wer- imitom, rom msoflioSi gacilebiT meti niWieri
tili.” mkiTxvelia, vidre _ niWieri mwerali. ase Tvlida
farTo audi- adamiani, romelzec amerikul presaSi daibeWda
toriam, rogorc statia saTauriT _ “is fiqrobs ise, rogorc Cven
samSobloSi, aseve, vocnebobT”.
sazRvrebs gareT, oTxmoci wlis milorad paviCi 2009 wlis 30
gaicno 1984 wli- noembers gardaicvala mSobliur qalaqSi. is iyo
dan roman “xazaruli leqsikonis” publikaciiT. postmodernizmisa da magiuri realizmis me-20
es romani bestseleri gaxda da ramdenime enaze saukunis erT-erTi yvelaze mkafio figura, no-
iTargmna. igi erT-erTi mkafio magaliTia mwerlis belis premiis nominanti. adamiani, romlis Semoq-
originaluri stilisa: paviCi cdilobda gver- medebazec msoflio presa saubrobda...
15
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reti
ti

vinc mizans ocnebis gareSe miaRwia

Tamar svaniZe
“adamiani, romelic mudam mTvralia RviniT, qaliT, TeatriT. igi
qarTvel SemoqmedTa Soris erT-erTi pirvelia sxvebTan erTad,”_
ase axasiaTebs, sakuTar Tavs.

Sexvedra Tavisufali Teatris kulisebSi Sedga.
naxevarsaaTiani lodinis Semdeg, Teatris ezoSi
wverebiani, ubralod Cacmuli, Tavze qudiT mzis saT-
valiani mamakacis silueti gamoCnda. urTierTward-
genis Semdeg, TeatrSi SevediT.
dekoratorebi scenas awyobdnen speqtaklisTvis,
romelic ramdenime saaTSi unda dawyebuliyo. viwro
kibeebiT avdivarT meore sarTulze da Teatris ku-
lisebSic aRmovCndi... nikos saferfle moaqvs, siga-
rets ukidebs da Cveni saubaric iwyeba.
pirvelad is gaixsena, rom saxlidan gamosvlisas
mamaze fiqrobda, Sesabamisad, Cveni saubaric nikos
bavSvobis gaxsenebiT daiwyo. bavSvoba ki laRi da
kargi hqonda, iseTive, rogorc “yvela Cveulebriv
bavSvs”. mamasac xSirad amsgavsebdnen rogorc vi-
zualurad, ise xasiaTiT. “zustad dRes vfiqrobdi,
saxlidan rom gamovdiodi Cemsa da mamas msgavsebaze.
saxlidan gamosvlisas sul raRac rom gaviwydeba,
kidev mibrundebi, cvli, iqneb sxva xom ar sjobs
waiRo da amasobaSi naxevari saaTi gadis, mamaCemi
iyo aseTi da mec, albaT, misgan gadmomyva es Tviseba”.
mas miaCnia, rom realistia. bavSvobidanve icoda,
ra undoda da ra iyo saWiro miznis misaRwevad:
“raRa dagimalo da arasodes popularobaze, msaxio-
bobazec ki ar miocnebia. rac miyvarda, bavSvobidan
imas vakeTebdi.“ bavSvobidan ki msaxiobobam gaitaca,
swored, amitomac gaxda Teatraluri institutis
erT-erTi warmatebuli studenti. pirveli speqtak-
li sakurso iyo _ Salva dadianis piesa “guSin-
delni”. yvelaze warmatebuli misTvis speqtakli

16
 p ort re
reti
ti
“komediantebi” aRmoCnda, romelmac 2004 wels bres-
tis saerTaSoriso Teatralur festivalze “mamaka-
cis rolis saukeTeso SesrulebisTvis” granpric
moupova.
manamde ki iyo kote marjaniSvilis saxelo-
bis premia imave nominaciaSi. “komediantebi” misT-
vis yvelaze axloa. imdenad axlos, rom nikom es
speqtakli 300-jer iTamaSa. personaJTan yvelaze
did msgavsebasac “komediantebis” gmirSi poulobs.
Tumca, imasac aRniSnavs, rom gmirebi, romlebsac Ta-
maSobs, sakuTari SvilebiviT ar uyvars. ufro metic,
aris rolebi, romelTa TamaSic dRemde ar siamovnebs,
magram, garemoebaTa gamo, uwevs. Tumca, am rolebis
dasaxelebisgan Tavs ikavebs, neitralurobisTvis -
radgan TiToeuli speqtaklis ukan dgas reJisori,
sxva msaxiobebi, romelTac moswonT speqtakli.
warmatebuli speqtakli, romelmac aseve anSlage-
biT Caiara, daTo doiaSvilis “jinsebis Taoba” iyo.
iq niko gia tabiZis rols asrulebda, magram ukve
gaizarda da axla sul sxva moTxovnilebebi aqvs.
“jinsebis Taobas” ki “siymawvilis rols” uwodebs.
niko iseTive warmatebuli poetia, rogorc msax-
iobi. leqsebis pirveli krebuli 2001 wels ga-
mouSva saxelwodebiT “20-jer 6 sakaifo leqsi.”
krebulSi Sesulia ara 20X6, aramed 20X6+1 leqsi.
Tumca amis Sesaxeb aqamde nikos garda aravin icoda, gaxdes leqsis daweris sababi. uceb CaviniSnav, mere
im martivi mizezis gamo, rom aravis dauTvlia. ra- gavagrZeleb, an iqve SeiZleba, strofi daibados.”
tom 20X6? ocamde sanam mivida, jer iyo eqvsjer niko gomelauris cxovrebaSi iyo dgomisa da ga-
eqvsi sakaifo leqsi, mere rom dagrovda, mivxvdi, Cerebis periodi, magram es ar gulisxmobda uZraobis
rom ocjer eqvsia. Tumca sinamdvileSi wignSi 121
xanas SemoqmedebaSi. ubralod, im dros saqarTvelo-
leqsi aris Sesuli.” sakaifo leqsi ki gulisxmobs
Si yvelasa da yvelafris uZraobis wlebi iyo. “dgo-
interpretacias: “naxe, ra sakaifo leqsia.” es ampar-
mis periodi erTi mxriv iyo, meore mxriv _ ara, anu
tavnuli ganacxadi iyo magram mere ra, Semoqmedebaa.”
ras vgulisxmob: rodesac davamTavre Teatraluri
leqsebs ki imitom wers, rom amiT adamianebs Ta-
instituti, sadRac xuTi weli arc erT TeatrSi ar
visi saTqmeli uTxras. amitomac aris misi poetu-
viyavi, faqtobrivad xelfass ar viRebdi. arada ori
ri stili uSualo da zogjer ucenzuroc. Tumca
bavSvi myavda ukve, magram is, rom gaCerebuli viyavi
nikosTvis es arc kritikis sagani yofila, arc mi-
uRebeli da uCveulo. “aravin mosula CemTan da im periodSi, ar yofila. vmonawileobdi miwveviT
uTqvams, ra kargia es rom dawereo da arc is uTq- studentur speqtaklebSi. Teatraluri institutis
vamT, rom es ra umsgavsobaao. magram normaluria, scenaze TamaSzec ar vambobdi uars. miuxedavad imisa,
mgoni, rom ar meubnebian, ui, ra kargiao. pirSi cuds rom qveyanaSi im periodisTvis araferi xdeboda, sul
rom ar meubnebian, es imas ar niSnavs, rom zurgs ukan vcdilobdi, ar gavCerebuliyavi.”
arafers ar amboben “didi da klasikosi poetebi,” “erT adgilas dgomis” periodma nikos cxovrebaSi
romlebsac araferi moswonT Tavisi leqsebis garda. ukve Caiara. monawileobs filmebsa Tu sareklamo
orni arian qveyanaze - galaktioni da meore isini. rgolebSi, bevr afiSaze wavikiTxavT mis saxels.
vwer imas, rac minda, rac aris Cemi komunikaciis ena leqsebis weras rac Seexeba, uaxloes momavalSi
sazogadoebasTan. me rom gamovide, bevri vilaparako kidev erTi krebulis gamocemas ar gegmavs. Tumca
da Cemi azrebi mogiyveT, xom ityvian, es ra idiot- `sakaifo leqss~ megobrebisTvis mainc wers da, roca
iao. leqss amis pretenzia ara aqvs, Zalian martivad saWiro raodenoba dagrovdeba, savaraudod wignadac
gawvdi Cems azrebs.” Sekravs.
leqsebs yvelasTvis wers, arc akviatebuli muza `me ra vici ra weboTi gavamrTelo,
hyavs. werisTvis ki gansakuTrebuli pirobebi da me ra vici davujero vis zraxvebs,
ganwyoba ar sWirdeba. “nebismieri fraza, romelic davelodoT gasulia saqarTvelo
SeiZleba, momewonos, Tundac Cvens saubarSi, SeiZleba, da rom mova TviTon gamogviZaxebs~.
17
 l itf
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oku
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si

herta miuleri _ kidev erTi nobelianti anu

2009 wlis yvelaze iRbliani mwerali

margo jafariZe

rumineTSi mcxovrebi eTnikuri germanelis

cxovrebiseulma gamocdilebam, sisxliani
CauSeskuebis devnam amaod ar Caiara. am yvelafris
qaRaldze gadatanam da nobelis premiaze zedized
wardgenam maqsimaluri Sedegi moutana. 2009 wlis
8 oqtombers is nobelis premiis laureatad
gamocxadda literaturis dargSi.

1953 weli. rumineTi. nickidorfi. Bbanatis
erT-erTi sofeli. daibada erT-erT germanul
ojaxSi, germanelebis ubanSi, sadac mxolod
policieli Tu dadioda eTnikuri rumineli.
M meore msofilo omis dros, roca qveyana ger-
manelebis mier iyo okupirebuli, mama jarSi ga-
namweses, xolo deda xuTi wlis vadiT samuSaod
gagzavnes sabWoTa banakSi. omis Semdeg mamam sat-
virTo manqanis mZRolad daiwyo muSaoba.
herta timiSoaras universitetSi germanuli da
ruminuli enebis swavlas Seudga. saswavlebelSi
yofnis dros dauaxlovda axalgazrda germanu-
lenovan mweralTa jgufs, ramac faqtobrivad
misi momavali gadawyvita. mweralTa Soris iyo
riCard vagneric _ komunisturi partiis wevri.
Mmale dajgufeba reJimis winaaRmdeg politikuri
SeTqmulebis mowyobaSi daadanaSaules da erT-
erTi wevri, uiliam totiki, daapatimres. 1975 wli-
dan maTi dajgufeba oficialurad akrZales, ma-
gram wevrebma mizans nawilobriv mainc miaRwies:
totalitaruli, nacionalistur-komunisturi
sistemis winaaRmdeg kritikuli azrovnebis gaR-
vivebaSi mniSnelovani wvlili Seitanes.
mamis gardacvalebis Semdeg, miulerma wera
daiwyo. “saWiro iyo davbrunebodi warsuls,
aRmewera Cemi sofeli, bavSvoba, deda, mama”_aRniS-
na man mogvianebiT. 1977 wlidan 1979 wlamde muS-
aobda Tarjimnad erT-erT adgilobriv qarxanaSi.
Targmnida avstriidan, Sveicariisa da germaniis
demokratiuli respublikidan teqnikis Sesaxeb
Semotanil saxelmZRvaneloebs. imis gamo, rom man
uari Tqva CauSeskus saidumlo policiis wev-
robasa da politikur jaSuSobaze, samsaxuridan
daiTxoves. Amas Semdeg, kontrolze aiyvanes da
misi saxeli gansakuTrebul siaSi aRricxes. am-
ieridan “parazituli elementis” saxeliT daR-
dasmuli iyo germaneli herta miuleri rumineT-
Si iseve, rogorc ebraeli iosif brodski Tavis
droze leningradSi. saxelis gasatexad, ras
aRar kadrulobdnen. erTxel bralic dasdes
18
gamorCenis mizniT sakuTar rva arab studentTan
seqsualur kavSirSi. “ erT arab studentsac ki
ar vicnobdi imxanad”_ aRniSna miulerma (Die Zeit,
july 2009).
1979 wels daasrula wigni, saxelad “nadirebi”,
romelic 14 prozaul miniaturas Seicavda. sami
weli dasWirda, rom naSroms dRis Suqi exila.
Tanac mas Semdeg, rac daCexes, sruliad daamax-
injes. roca 1984 wels originalma germaniSi
SeaRwia da gamoica, mkiTxvelTa didi mowone-
ba daimsaxura. Mwlebis ganmavlobaSi mwerals
ekrZaleboda mogzauroba. ekrZaleboda rumineT-
Si raime nawarmoebis dabeWdva. 1987 wels, ro-
gorc iqna, samSoblos tyveobidan gaTavisuflda:
ufleba moi pova, gamgzavrebuliyo germaniaSi ri-
Card vagnerTan erTad, romelic imxanad ukve misi
qmari iyo. Oori wlis Semdeg CauSeskus reJimic
daamxes, magram oci wlis Semdegac ki mwerali
ambobda, rom rumineTSi yofnis dros mas uT-
valTvalebdnen.
rogorc mikrokosmosi, represirebulni Tavi-
anTi Zvelmoduri RirebulebebiTa da genderu-
li tradiciebiT _ ase aRwera miulerma banatis
sazogadoeba. amasTanave, uaryo eRiarebinaT igi
feminist mwerlad. civi, bneli, momakvdavi banatis
sofeli danaxulia bavSvis TvalTaxedviT. wign
“nadirSi” (Niederungen) mweralma gamoiyena mxatvru-
li xerxi: moyiyine bayayi _ metafora, romelic
germanul umciresobas gvaxsenebs: “gadasaxlebis
dros yvelas Tan mihyavda bayayi”. “mwvane qlia-
vebis miwa” (The Land of Green Plums; 1994) daiwera mego-
brebis saeWvo viTarebaSi gardacvalebis Semdeg.
wigni exeba adamianTa jgufs, romelTa megobroba
irRveva totalitarizmis mavne Zalebis zegavle-
niT. Nnawarmoebi “mela maSin ukve monadire iyo”
(“ Der Fuchs war damals schon der Jäger”; 1992) asaxavs 1980-iani
wlebis trivialur yofas rumineTis provinciaSi.
“SexvedraSi” (“The Appointment”) saubaria erTi mar-
tosuli adamianis pirad cxovrebaze. dakiTxvaze
gamoZaxebuli tramvaiT mimavali qarxnis muSa,
 l itf
it fo
nawarmoebis mTavari gmiri, ise ixlarTeba da tri-
alebs Tavis fiqrebSi, rogorc tramvais spon-
tanuri moZraoba. Qqveynidan gaRwevis mizniT qur-
Tukebis sarCulSi qargavs Setyobinebas: “SemirTe
colad”, uTiTebs sakuTar vinaobasa da misamarTs.
sasowarkveTilQqals Sav-TeTri cxovrebidan Ta-
vis daRwevis erTaderT saSualebad es ukanaskne-
li gamosavali darCenia.
“cali fexiT mogzauroba” (Traveling on One Lag ;
1989) xatavs maSindeli iranis yofas, ocdaaTi
wlis germanuli warmoSobis rumineli imigran-
tis cxovrebas, romelsac intimuri urTierToba
wera gulwrfelibas moiTxovs. adamiani
Tavis TavTan unda iyos alali. gamocdilebas
sxvadasxvanairad iReben: Tu erTi xuTi
grZnobis saSualebiT aRwevs, meore amas weris
saSualebiT axerxebs. erTi weraSi daeZebs
da amitom wers. Tu erTi sagnebs xedavs
da cdis absoluturad sxva kuTxiT, meore
Tavis Tavs cdis, TviTgamoxatvas weris
procesSi axerxebs. wera ganyenebulad,
TavisTavad, arafers gamoxatavs sanam avtori
procesSia. naweri mxolod damTavrebis
Semdeg warmoCindeba. roca vwer, Tavs
daculad vgrZnob. Semdeg viwyeb fiqrs, Tu
rogor gagrZeldeba Cemi cxovreba da, roca
nawarmoebis finals vuaxlovdebi, ar vici, ra
iqneba Semdeg...
h. miuleri
oku
kusi
si
akavSirebs sam mamakacTan. “SesaZlebelia, siuJeti
sustia, magram irenis Sinagani samyaro siRrm-
iseulad aris danaxuli” _ uiliam fergiusoni,
gazeTi “niu iork taimsi” (21 Tebervali, 1999).
saerTod, hertasa da misi qmris gamogonili
siuJetebi da gmirebi Zalian hgvanan erTmaneTs:
riCard vagnermac aRwera rumineTidan ga-
dasaxleba Tavis moTxrobebSi (Ausreiseantrag; (1988);
Begrüßungsgeld (1989)). saubroben erTnairad, qmnian erT-
nair ti paJebs: magaliTad, gulgatexil Jurnal-
ists, saxelad stiners da mis germanuli enis
maswavlebels.
miulers gamoqveynebuli aqvs leqciebi mwer-
lobaze (Der Teufel sitzt im Spiegel (1991) ); Jurnalisturi
naSromebi (Eine warme Kartoffel ist ein warmes Bett, 1992), es-
eebi (Hunger und Seide, 1995) , leqsebis krebuli (Este sau
nu este Ion (2005))
nobelis premiis garda, miiRo bevri sxva lit-
eraturuli jildoebi: The Kleist Prize (1994), the Euro-
pean Union’s Aristeion Prize for Literature (1995), the International
IMPAC Dublin Litetary Award (1998), the Franz Kafka Prize (1999)
da literaturuli prizi The Konrad Adenauer Foundation
(2004).
1995 wels gaxda literaturisa da poeziis
germanuli akademiis wevri. amJamad cxovrobs
berlinSi, kiTxulos leqciebs sxvadasxva univer-
sitetSi. 2005 wlidan miuleris stumarTa pro-
fesuras xelmZRvanelobs germaniis “Tavisufal
universitetSi”.
19
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si

qarTuli onlain litoazisebi

qarTul literaturul portalebsa da onlain biblioTekebs mxolod
enTuziastebi qmnian.

salome aCba

wignisa da internetis urTidapirispirebis problema araxalia: maSin, roca

interneti axali xili iyo msofliosTvis, xSirad saubrobdnen, rom is wigns
Caanacvlebda da es ukanaskneli Tavis funqcias dakargavda. Tumca, beWdur wigns
sxva xibli da intimi aqvs.
“fobia”, romelic internetis wignis eleqtronuli saxiT nawarmoebebis farTo wrisTvis
gaCenisas msoflioSi uamrav ada- kiTxva Zalian mosaxerxebelia, miT wardgena. literaturuli por-
mians hqonda, Zalian bunebrivia. ufro iseTi qveynis mosaxleo- talebis meSveobiT ki amis gake-
xalxi, xom rogorc wesi, SiSiT bisTvis, sadac ekonomikuri mdgo- Teba martivad SeiZleba.
xvdeba siaxles (sxvaTaSoris, zus- mareoba arcTu ise saxarbieloa. qarTul vebsivrceSi Zalian co-
tad aseve SiSobdnen kinos gamo- imis fonze, rom nabeWdi wigni ta eleqtronuli biblioTekaa.
gonebis Semdegac: fiqrobdnen, rom sakmaod Zviri Rirs, literaturu- saitebis simcire, albaT, imis bra-
kino Teatrs Caanacvlebda da li saitebi wignTan urTierTobis lia, rom potenciur damaarseb-
speqtaklebze aRaravin ivlida. faqtobrivad, erTaderTi xelmis- lebs ar surT enTuziazmze muS-
ukve SeiZleba iTqvas, rom inter- awvdomi saSualebaa. aoba: amgvari siatebi ar finans-
neti da wigni Semecnebis ganuy- garda imisa, rom amgvari bib- deba da Semosavals rogorc wesi,
ofel nawilad iqca. maTi sinTe- lioTekebi mosaxrexebelia mkiTx- reklamidanac ki ar iRebs.
zia eleqtrouli biblioTekebi, velisTvis, isini Tavad avtoreb- lib.ge Tamamad SeiZleba, CaiTva-
romelsac milionobiT mkiTxveli sac did samsaxurs uwevs. damw- los yvelaze popularul qar-
hyavs msoflios sxvadasxva qveya- yebi literatorebisTvis advili Tul literaturul saitad. amas
naSi. araa TviTrealizeba da Tavisi adasturebs top.ge-s reitingic:
20

lib.ge-s dReSi saSualod 1700-
mde mkiTxveli hyavs. vebgverdi
Tavisi specifikiT gansxvavdeba
yvela sxva qarTuli literatur-
li saitisgan. garda qarTuli
da ucxouri mxatvruli liter-
aturisa, mkiTxvels aq saSualeba
aqvs, gaecnos sxvadasxva saxis ess-
es, intervius, samecniero naSroms.
lib.ge jer kdiev Camoyalibebis
procesSia da male mas kidev erTi
axali ganyofileba _ audio masla
daemateba.
mokled, es onlain biblioTeka
kidev bevr sasiamovno siurprizs
hpirdeba Tavis momxmarebels: “sai-
tze gansaTavsebel nawarmoebs red-
kolegia arCevs. dadgenilia minim-
aluri zRvari: misaRebze dabali
donis nawarmoebi vebgverdze ver
moxvdeba. Cveni mTavari problema
isaa, rom saiti ar finansdeba da
mTlianad enTuziazmze vmuSaobT.
lib.ge-ze mxolod im nawarmoe-
bebs vdebT, romlebsac avtorebi
TavianTi surviliT gvigzavnian.
bevri gamomcemloba ki nawrmoe-
bis ganTavsebis sanacvlod, Tanxas
iTxovs. swored finansuri prob-
lemebis mosagvareblad vapirebT
komerciul sawyisebze gadasvlas.
Tumca, saitiT sargebloba momx-
mareblebisTvis kvlavac ufaso
l itf
it fo
oku
kusi
si
iqneba”– diana anfimiadi, lib.ge-s
redkolegiis wevri.
meore lit. portali literatura.
ge-a, romelic lib.ge-sgan gansx-
vavdeba. am portalis mTavari
mizania, Tanamedrove qarTuli li-
teraturis popularizacia da ax-
ali avtorebis warmoCena.
es vebgverdi damwyebi avtorebi-
sTvis TviTrealizebis saSuale-
baa. literatura.ge-s hyavs redkole-
gia, romelic aqtiur mkiTxvelTa
wrisgan Sedgeba. maT saitis ad-
ministracia kompetenciis mixed-
viT irCevs.
redkolegiis mTavari funqciaa,
Seafasos ganTavsebuli nawarmoebi,
romelic Tavdapirvelad qveyndeba
mxolod redkolegiisa da mkiTx-
velTa klubis dasanaxad.
Tuki nawarmoebi dadebiTad Se-
fasda, mis wakiTxvas nebismieri
msurveli SeZlebs. Tu dadgenili
zRvari ver gadalaxa, is avtomat-
urad iSleba portalidan. sai-
tze SesaZlebelia Sefasebisa da
komentaris datoveba.
gansakuTrebuli aRniSvnis Rir-
sia proeqti “vaxtan VI”, romelic
programa “irmis naxtomma” gaake-
Ta. misi mizania, yvela klasiko-
si mwerlis nawarmoebis cifrul
formatSi gadayvana da saitebze
ganTavseba. ukve Seqmnilia aTo-
biT avtoris saiti, sadac maTi
biografia, kritika da mxatvruli
literaturaa ganTavsebuli (am
vebgverdebis sruli CamonaTvali
SegiZliaT, ixiloT misamarTze:
www.dlf.ge) mniSvnelovania is,
rom saitebis SeqmnaSi uSualo
monawileobas skolis moswavlee-
bi iReben.
kidev erTi literaturuli
saiti “arilia” (arili.blogspot.
com.). qarTuli da ucxouri mx-
atvruli literatura, saintereso
interviuebi, literaturuli kri-
tika, recenziebi, esse _ yvelaferi
es arilis blogzea daarqivebuli
da mkiTxvels asarCevad nawar-
moebebis sakmaod farTo speqtrs
sTavazobs.
ZiriTadi literatura, rasac
qarTul vebsivrceSi SexvebiT,
klasikosi mwerlebis nawarmoe-
bebia. aseve, naxavT cnobil Tu
arcTu ise cnobil axalgazrda
avtorebis nawarmoebebs. mTavar
problemad ara mxolod onlain-
biblioTekebisTvis, aramed zoga-
dad, literaturis sferosTvis,
kvlavac Targmanebis simcire rCeba:
qarTul enaze iSviaTad gvxvdeba
maRali donis Targmanebi.
21
 l itf
it fo
oku
kusi
si

`civsisxliani
ana daviTaSvili

`Cven nensis saxlSi

gavuareT, eklesiaSi erTad
unda wavsuliyaviT. kari
aravin gaaRo, arc telefonis
zars upasuxa vinmem.
saxlSi Sesvlas varCie, sxva
mezoblebisTvis mekiTxa
klaterebis ambavi. arc maT
daenaxaT isini am diliT.”

`Sin daxocili i poves klaterebis

ojaxi,” - daaxloebiT am winadadebiT
iwyeboda “New York Times”-Si samas-
sityviani niusi, romelic mkiTxvels
kanzasis StatSi datrialebul tra-
gediaze awvdida cnobas. 1959 wlis
16 noembers klaterebis ojaxis yvela
wevri: herbi, misi meuRle da ori Svi-
li, nensi da kenioni, sakuTar saxlSi
daxocilebi naxa mezobelma.
trumen kapotem ambis Sesaxeb pre-
sis saSualebiT Seityo da gadawyvita,
danaSaulis adgilas gamgzavrebuliyo,
enaxa saxli, sadac mkvleleoba moxda.
esaubra mezoblebTan, megobrebTan da
vrceli analitikuri statia daewera
gazeTisTvis. am droisTvis mkvlelebs
jer kidev eZebdnen.
redaqtorma kapotes azri daiwuna.
misTvis es iyo erT-erTi Cveulebrivi
ambavi, romlis msgavsic amerikaSi arc
Tu cota xdeboda. kapotem moaxerxa
misi darwmuneba da bavSvobis megobar-
Tan, cnobil mweral, harper lisTan, er-
Tad gaemgzavra kanzasSi. iq Casulma
azri Seicvala da statiis magivrad
wignis dawera gadawyvita. bevrma wy-
arom, romelTa “gaxsnac” Tavidan arc
ise ioli aRmoCnda, bevrma informa-
ciam, romelic praqtikulad quCaSi
upatronod eyara, mwerali daarwmuna,
rom es ambavi SeiZleboda gamxdariyo
saukeTeso “nonfiqSen” novela.
kanzasis Stati, gamorCeuli mkacri
tradiciebiT, eklesiis TiTqmis fana-
tikuri TayvaniscemiT, mwerlis Casv-
las ar guxarebia. ramdenime mizezze
kapote Tavad saubrobda: erT-erTi misi
seqsualuri orientacia iyo. saubris
manera, Cacmis stili, romliTac yov-
elTvis gamoirCeoda sxvebisgan, gansa-
kuTrebiT ki kanzaseli fermerebisagan,
hoklomis mcxovrebTaTvis uCveulo
aRmoCnda.
mwerlis axlos gacnobis Semdeg,
xalxma masTan kontaqti advilad daa-
myara da manac gaigo yvela detali.
gardacvlilTa ojaxs yvela dadebi-
Tad axasiaTebda. maT aravisTan hqon-
daT konfliqti. cxovrobdnen SeZle-
bulad, Tumca fuls saxlSi arasdros
inaxavdnen. amis Sesaxeb qalaqSi yvelam
icoda. moklulebis saxlidan araferi
iyo waRebuli, garda 40 dolaris, ra-
diosa da binoklisa. mkvlelebi adgi-
lobrivebi ar unda yofiliyvnen.
kapotem gaicno elvin adams deivi,
gamomZiebeli, romelmac klaterebis
saqme aiRo. is ojaxis ufrosis, her-

22

mkvleloba~
bis megobari iyo. cdilobda Tavidan
CamoeSorebina mwerali. ar surda amaze
bevri laparaki. kapotes damokidebule-
bas Tvlida Jurnalistur intrigad
da araseriozul nabijad, romelsac
SeeZlo, tragedia garTobad gadaeqcia.
fermerebis ojaxSi datrialebulma
tragediam qalaqi SeZra. nensi evalti,
nensi klateris bavSvobis megobari,
romelmac gvamebi aRmoaCina, kapotes-
Tvis, rogorc Tavad ambobs, gansa-
kuTrebuli respondenti aRmoCnda.
swored misi daxmarebiT moaxerxa
mweralma, wigni emociuri citatebiT
gaemdidrebina, tragedia ufro reluri
gaexada:
“misis klaters Tvalebi ar hqon-
da daxuWuli, TiTqos, is jer kidev
uyurebda mkvlels, romelsac iaraRi
daemiznebina... herb klaters erTxel
Sevxede. meored amis naxva SeuZlebeli
iyo. is manam moeklaT, sanam esrodnen.
yeli hqonda gamoWrili.“
gamomZieblebs araferi hqondaT
xelCasaWidi. Tu damnaSaveebi Zarc-
vis mizniT Sevidnen, ratom waiRes mx-
olod 40 dolari da gamousadegari
binokli. ratom dautoves misis klat-
ers oqrouli, Zvirfasi qvebi? an ra
dauSava ojaxma iseTi, rom misi arc
erTi wevri ar daindes. yvelas TavSi
esroles, raTa darwmunebulni yofil-
iyvnen, rom aravin gadarCeboda cocxa-
li. “kenioni erTaderTi gaxldaT, visi
cnobac SedarebiT advili iyo. yvelaze
metad igi hgavda Tavis Tavs. miuxeda-
vad imisa, rom masac saxeSi, Tvalebs
Soris hqonda nasroli tyvia.” “nensis
xelebi zurgs ukan hqonda Sekruli,
fexis mtevnebze mibmuli.” amgvari
sisastike veravis aexsna. erTaderTi,
rac gamomZiebelma, deivim klaterebis
saxlSi aRmoaCina, mtvriani nafexuri
iyo.
kapote mixvda, rom motivi arc
Zarcva iyo da arc SurisZieba: es iyo
gauazrebeli wamowyebis fataluri
dasasruli. mweralma arCia, manam dar-
Ceniliyo kanzasSi, sanam eWvmitanilebs
daiWerdnen. lodini arcTu didxans
dasWirda. deivisTan stumrobis dros
gamomZiebels klaterebis mkvlelebis
daWeiris Sesaxeb acnobes. es iyo ori
l itf
it fo
oku
kusi
si
axalgazrda mamakaci. erTaderTi gza,
gaego kapotes yvelaferi, da daenaxa
movlena mkvlelebis TvaliT, maTTan
daaxloeba iyo. winaaRmdegi iyo deivi.
misTvis isini ara mxolod damnaSaveebi,
aramed civsisxliani mkvlelebi iyvnen.
rodesac peris fexsacmeli saxlSi
aRmoCenl nafexurs Seadares, damTxveva
absoluturi iyo. rogorc kapote, asev
araerTi kritikosi aRniSnavs, rom wig-
nis weris yvelaze saintereso etapi
swored am dRis Semdeg daiwyo. mw-
eralma yvelanairi informacia miiRo
mkvlelebisgan.
dik hikoki: “klaterebis ojaxSi
Sesvlis mTavari mizezi maTi gaqurdva
ki ara, nensis gaupatiureba iyo, rom-
lis Sesaxebac cixeSi yofnis dros
SevityveT.
“vnanob Tu ara? an vinane Tu ara
am ambis Semdeg? verafers vgrZnobdi.
naxevari saaTis Semdeg mTeli gza diki
xumrobda, me ki mis xumrobebze vicino-
di. albaT, yvelaze araadamainuri maSin
iyo Cveni saqcieli. axla sakmarisad
humanuri var imisTvis, rom sakuTari
Tavi Semecodos,”- peri smiti.
rogor moaxerxa kapotem maTTan
daaxloveba da amdeni infromaciis
miReba, bevrisTvis dRemde amocanaa. bev-
ri fiqrobs, rom mweralma maTi ndoba
gamoiyena da arc ki ecada daxmareboda
maT. faqti erTia, rodesac dikma kapo-
te gaicno, masSi dainaxa adamiani, rom-
lis avtoritetsac gamoiyenebda da sa-
sikvdilo ganaCens Tavidan aicilebda.
peri ki cdilobda, moenaniebina rac
Caidina. Tavis mokvlac ki scada ram-
denimejer.
kapotes perisadmi gansakuTrebul
damokidebulebaSi, dadebiT gmirad
daxatvaSi adanaSauleben. bevris az-
riT, kapotes novela ar aris liter-
aturuli Jurnalistika, radgan peri
uaryofiTi gmiris magivrad, gamoyvani-
li hyavs sawyal biWunad, romelsac
rTuli cxovreba hqonda. is mkvlelo-
bis faqts ar uaryofs. swored man
esrola ojaxis oTxive wevrs, magram
ambobs, rom mxolod ase SeZlebda Ta-
vidan aecilebina dikis boroti gan-
zraxvis sisruleSi moyvana: “is xom
nensis gasaupatiureblad iyo misuli
klaterebis saxlSi”
mwerali wigns eqvsi wlis ganmav-
lobaSi werda. swored es dro gax-
da saWiro ganaCenis gamotanidan mis
sisruleSi moyvanamde. 1965 wlis 14
aprils orive damnaSave CamoaxrCves.
diki: “arasdros mqonia iseTi grZno-
ba, rogoric axla maqvs: roca Tqven,
adamianebi, mistumrebT im samyaroSi,
sadac gacilebiT ukeTesia, vidre aq...
vfiqrob saSinelebaa, sxivis sicocx-
lis xelyofa am gziT. sajaro dasjis
ar mjera, arc moralurad, arc samar-
Tlianobis saxeliT.”
peri: “vici, me davexmare sakuTar
Tavs ase damesrulebina cxovreba,
ugnureba iqneboda bodiSi momexada
imisTvis, rac Cavidine, sruliad uadg-
iloc, magram bodiSs vixdi”.
23
 l itf
it fo
oku
kusi
si
samSobloSi ”guliT dabrunebuli”
nuca qurdaZe
qemden Tauni. aq, londonis erT-erT
bukinistur maRaziaSi ingliseli literatori,
piter neismiti qarTveli emigrantis nikoloz
Cxotuas roman ”maradiuls” ramdenime Tvis
win waawyda.
yurban saidis ”ali da ninos” ”aRmoCenis” Semdeeg,
neismitisTvis saqarTvelo ucxo ar iyo da qarTveli
avtoris 1949 wliT daTariRebulma inglisurenovanma
nawarmoebma daainteresa. neismiti Tavis qarTvel megobars,
irakli Tofurias, daukavSirda, Tumca mas, iseve rogorc
sxvebs, aqamde nikoloz Cxotuasa da mis romanze araferi
smenoda.
neismitma wignis xelmeored gamocemis ufleba moi pova
da seqtemberSi is ukve qarTul enaze Targmnili, qarTveli
mkiTxvelisTvisac xelmisawvdomi gaxda.
2009 wlamde CvenTvis ucnob nikoloz
Cxotuas rTuli da mravalferovani
cxovreba hqonda.
holivudSi msaxiobad muSaobda.
espaneTSi, kosta-rikaSi, Cilesa da
peruSi sruluflebiani elCis statusiT
maltis ordens warmoadgenda. megobrobda
SveicariaSi Casul grigol robaqiZesTan
da misi arqivi likvidaciisgan gadaarCina.
miuxedavad imisa, rom gaumarTla
da, sxva emigrantebisgan gansxvavebiT,
saintereso da uzrunvelyofili cxovreba
moiwyo, mainc ar iyo bolomde bednieri.
misi ojaxis samSoblodan gadasaxleba
saqarTvelos gasabWoebam gamoiwvia. amitom
misTvis mSobliuri qveynis monatreba mtanjveli da
auxdeneli ocneba iyo.
1921 weli. saqarTveloSi bolSevikuri armia SemoiWra.
Teqvsmeti wlis nikoloz Cxotuam samSoblo datova da
evropisken gaemgzavra. ganaTleba parizsa da berlinSi
miiRo. Semdeg SveicariaSi gadavida tuberkulozis
samkurnalod.
1934 weli. nikolozma holivudSi msaxiobobisas
gaicno kerol marmoni, cnobili inJiner-manqanaTmSeneblis
da marmonebis saavtomobilo kompaniis damaarseblis,
hovard marmonis qaliSvili, romelic colad SeirTo da
eqvsi Svili eyolaT.
24
literaturuli aRmoCena
1949 weli. inglisSi, amerikasa da norvegiaSi
daistamba da gamoica nikoloz Cxotuas inglisurenovani
romani, ”maradiuli”.
1970 weli. nikolozma maltis ordenis umaRlesi
jildo miiRo.
1984 weli. nikoloz Cxotua gardaicvala da is
Sveicariis qalaq lozanaSi dakrZales. mis gardacvalebamde
sazRvrebi gaixsna, sxvadasxva qveynebSi mimosvla SesaZ-
lebeli gaxda. Tumca, nikolozma sanukvari survili,
saqarTveloSi dabruneba, mainc ver aisrula, radgan
garTulebulma avadmyofobam, tuber-
kulozma, xeli SeuSala.
rac Seexeba ”maradiuls,” is nikoloz
Cxotuas erTaderTi dasrulebuli nawar-
moebia romans etyoba, rom araqarTveli
mkiTxvelisTvisaa gankuTvnili. rogorc
Cans,avtors undoda, mkiTxvelisTvis Tavisi
samSoblo gaecno, saqarTvelo saintereso
kuTxiT waredgina da ramdenime qarTuli
tradicia aRewera. es nawarmoebis erTi
funqciaa, mTlianad romani ki e. w. ”LOVE
STORY”-a.
romani TiTqmis avtobiografiulia.
lozanaSi gatarebuli wlebi, tuberku-
loziT daavadeba, babua platoni, mamuli
samurzayanoSi, coli, romelic cnobili inJineris
qaliSvili iyo. es detalebi nawarmoebis mTavari personaJis
cxovrebidanaa da zedmiwevniT hgavs avtoris cxovrebas.
Tumca, nikolozi nawarmoebis gmirs abrunebs samSobloSi,
TviTon avtorisTvis ki, es ocneba ganuxorcielebeli
darCa. anderZad daibara, rom misi guli saqarTveloSi
daekrZalaT.
nikoloz Cxotuas gardacvalebidan oTxi wlis Semdeg,
misi Txovna Sesrulda. ferfladqceuli guli patara
urniT moskovis sabaJoze Cumad gadmoitanes da veris
sasaflaoze wminda panteleimon mkurnalis taZris
ezoSi dakrZales.

_ wignierebis doniT saqarT-
velo erT-erT bolo adgilzea.
Tqveni, rogorc studentebis, az-
riT, ratom aRar kiTxuloben
wignebs?
juna iaSvili: Cemi azriT, amis
mizezi kompiuteria, romelmac wig-
nis kiTxvis survili Secvala. um-
ravlesoba kompiuteruli TamaSe-
biT ufroa dainteresebuli, vidre
informaciis miRebiT, Sesabamisad,
aRarc dro aqvT da aRarc sur-
vili wignis wasakiTxad.
manana zazaZe: samwuxarod, Cve-
ni Taoba ufro met dros xarja-
vs gasarTobad, vidre wignis wa-
sakiTxad, rac Sedegzec aisaxeba.
xatia Tuxareli: simarTle
giTxraT, Sedegma gamakvirva, ar
megona Tu aseTi dabali maCvene-
beli iyo. mizezi albaT isaa, rom
yoveldRiur gasarTobad wigns
aravin iyenebs. bevrs urCevnia me-
gobrebs ekontaqtos internetiT,
vidre waikiTxos.
gvanca niauri: marTalia, es yve-
las ar exeba, magram umravleso-
bas marTla TamaSi da megobreb-
Tan garToba urCevnia, vidre kiTx-
va. ubralod, dRe ise gahyavT, rom
wignis dro aRar rCebaT.
_ eTanxmebiT im azrs, rom kom-
piuterma Cveni Taoba wigns Camoa-
Sora?
gvanca niauri: ara, kompiuteri
wigns TavisTavad ar gamoricxavs
Tu sworad gamoiyeneb. piriqiT, in-
ternetiT SeiZleba ufro meti ga-
igo da codna gaiRrmavo, magram
ase Zalian cota iqceva da cota
iRebs sasargeblo informacias.
urCevniaT iTamaSon, vidre ikiTx-
on.
manana zazaZe: kompiuteri nam-
dvilad ar warmoadgens xelis-
SemSlel faqtors, Tu wignis
kiTxva da codnis miReba ginda. es
ubralod, erT-erTi mizezia.
juna iaSvili: Cemi azriT, kom-
piuteri namdvilad gamoricxavs
wigns da ara marto TamaSebis sa-
SualebiT. bevri fiqrobs, rom in-
ternetSi naxaven im informacias,
rac wignSi weria. drois dazog-
g a m okiT
okiTxv
x va
a
lali aleliSvili
2009 wlis monacemebiT, wignierebis doniT saqarTvelo
erT-erT bolo adgilzea, anu 15 wels zemoT asakis
mosaxleobis umravlesobas ar SeuZlia waikiTxos da
adekvaturad aRiqvas teqsti. rogor SeiZleba moxdes
kiTxvis popularizacia?... am Temaze mcire gamokiTxva
CavatareT studentebSi:
vis mizniT, urCevniaT cnobili
mwerlebis nawarmoebebis mokle
konspeqtebi waikiTxon, vidre
originali.
xatia Tuxareli: orives Tavisi
funqcia aqvs da calsaxad inter-
netis dadanaSauleba arasworia.
saitebze ara marto konspeqtebi,
wignebis sruli versiebicaa da
Tu wigns ver Soulob, SegiZlia
iq waikiTxo.
_ ganapirobebs Tu ara kiTxvis
dabal dones wignebis siZvire?
manana zazaZe: wignebis siZvire
araa mizezi, radgan Tu gsurs misi
moZiebis bevri saSualeba arse-
bobs. magaliTad, biblioTekebi, ax-
loblebi... SegiZlia bukinistebT-
an iyido...ase, rom sadme mainc iSo-
vni, mTavari survilia.
gvanca niauri: ZiriTadi mizezi
araa, magram imasac ver gamoricxav,
rom fasi xelisSemSleli faqto-
ria. me, magaliTad, bevri istori-
uli wigni mWirdeba, romelic Za-
lian Zviri Rirs da biblioTeki-
danac ar matanen.
juna iaSvili: bevri swored
siZvires asaxelebs mizezad, ma-
gram Cemi azriT, es mxolod Ta-
vis gasamarTlebeli argumentia.
mTavari ara fuli, aramed mondo-
mebaa... aris uamravi biblioTekaa,
sadac SegiZlia Sexvide, dajde da
waikiTxo.
xatia Tuxareli: marTalia, mx-
atvrul literaturas yvelgan
atanen saxlSi, magram xSirad
erTi egzempliaria biblioTekaSi
da is samkiTxvelo darbazSi unda
waikiTxo... amitom wignebis siZvi-
re mTavari ara, magram, Cemi azriT,
erT-erTi mizezi maincaa.
_ sad unda xdebodes mozardis-
aTvis kiTxvis kulturis Camoyal-
ibeba, romelma socialurma insti-
tutma unda aiRos yvelaze meti
pasuxismgebloba?
xatia Tuxareli: es pasuxis-
mgebloba, pirvel rigSi, ojaxma
unda ikisros. Tavidanve ise unda
gaizardo, rom wignis siyvaruli
gqondes.
manana zazaZe: mxolod ojaxi
sakmarisi araa. safuZveli iq unda
Caeyaros, magram Semdeg misi gan-
viTareba, aucileblad, skolaSi
unda moxdes. saboloo jamSi ki
wigns mieCvevi da kiTxvis kul-
tura Camogiyalibdeba.
juna iaSvili: bavSvma ojaxis
wevrebisagan unda aiRos magali-
Ti. rodesac dainaxavs, rom saxl-
Si misi mSoblebi wigns kiTxulo-
ben, TviTonac gauCndeba survili
raRac waikiTxos, Tundac martivi.
rac Semdgom xels Seuwyobs mis
wignTan daaxloebas.
gvanca niauri: xSiria mSo-
blebis mxridan Zalis dataneba _
dajeqi da waikiTxe, _ rac aravi-
Tar SemTxvevaSi ar moitans sa-
survel Sedegs. piriqiT, SeiZleba,
saerTod daSordes bavSvi wigns.
amitom sjobs, daaintreso, vidre
ZaliT waakiTxo.
Tqveni azriT, rogor unda
moxdes wignis kiTxvis popular-
izacia?
manana zazaZe: unda moxdes war-
Cinebuli moswavleebis waxalise-
ba jildoebis an premiebis saxiT.
rac ubiZgebs da daainteresebs
bavSvebs, wigni waikiTxon.
juna iaSvili: saWiroa, skoleb-
Si, universitetebSi Catardes wig-
nis kiTxvasTan dakavSirebuli
RonisZiebebi, Tanac Sejibris sax-
iT.
SesaZlebelia, pedagogebma da
leqtorebmac daavalon moswav-
leebs weliwadSi ramdenime wig-
nis wakiTxva, ris safuZvelzec
Catardeba gamokiTxva da gamar-
jvebulebi dajildovdebian.
xatia Tuxareli: es pasuxismge-
bloba skolebma da saswavleb-
lebma unda ikisron. SeiZleba kon-
kursi Caataron romelime wignze,
an warmoaCinon raime naSromi.
gvanca niauri: garkveuli ro-
li am procesSi masmediamac unda
iTamaSos. iyos Souebi, sadac ki-
Txvebi daismeba romelime wigni-
dan. albaT, aseTi gadacemebi, gar-
kveulwilad, waaxalisebs axal-
gazrdebs.
25

artgenze dawyebuli megobroba
qeTevan gersamia
rodesac or adamians Zmad gaficva surda, sasmelian TasSi vercxls Tlidnen, Semdeg
xevisbers aZlevdnen sityvas, ris Semdegac Zmadnaficobis msurvelebi am Tasidan Sesvamdnen
xolme Rvinos da Zmadnaficebic xdebodnen.
Svidma qarTvelma axalgaz-
rdam mTis es tradicia barSi
gadmoitana, “Zmebad gaeficnen”
erTmaneTs, Seqmnes folkloru-
li jgufi da saxelad swored,
“ficvercxli” dairqves. es imis
saCveneblad, rom upirvelesad,
megobrebi arian, Semdeg ki, jgu-
fis wevrebi.
`folkloris siyvaruli is
aris, rac Cven, yvelas gvaer-
Tianebda da axlac gvaerTianebs.
samwuxaroa, rom axalgazrdebSi
es yvelaferi naklebad popu-
larulia, magram CvenTvis folk-
lori aris is, risi saSualebiT-
ac movaxerxeT, dRemde movsuli-
yaviT da Cveni sayvareli saqme
gvekeTebina”... _ ambobs revaz
baramiZe, romelic folklorul
jguf ,,ficvercxlis” wevria.
folkloris siyvarulma isi-
ni ,,artgenis” festivalze mii-
yvana. swored aq gaicno jgu-
fis ramdenime wevrma erTmaneTi.
nacnoboba festivalis gareTac
gagrZelda. sayvareli saqmis
keTebis survilma isini folk-
jgufis Seqmnis ideamde miiyva-
na.…
rati CakvetaZe: `artgeni Cveni
gamaerTianebelia, am festivalma
Cveni momavali gansazRvra. Ta-
visufal dros erTad vikribe-
bodiT da vukravdiT xolme.
erTxelac gadavwyviteT, goder-
Zi Coxelis saRamoze gamovsuli-
yaviT da ase daibada `ficvercx-
lic~.
Tsu-s scenidan male gadaina-
26
l ita
it arti
rti
cvles klub “eTno 99,99%” -Si, aqvT, xan - universitetis cari-
romlis menejeric momRera-
el auditoriebSi, xanac ki - Ria
li zaza korinTeli (zumba) cis qveS.
iyo. Sansi kargad gamoiyenes, rati CakvetaZe: `erTxel, aleq-
sam kviraSi sruli programa sandres baRSic ki gvqonda repe-
moamzades da klubis gaxsnaSic ticia, xalxi gaocebuli gviy-
miiRes monawileoba. iq Catare- urebda. zogma saqeifodac ki
buli koncertebi da saRamoebi dagvepatiJa, magram meore dRes
daexmara axlad Seqmnil jgufs koncerti gvqonda da, samwuxar-
daxvewaSi. od, qarTuli stumarTmoyvareo-
revaz baramiZe: `es koncerte-biT ver visargebleT.~
bi Zalian dagvexmara sakuTari
yvelaze mniSvnelovani 2009
stilis SeqmnaSi. sakuTari kom-
wlis ,,artgeni” iyo. swored am
poziciebis wera da Sesruleba
festivalis Semdeg cnobda maT
daviwyeT. aseve, vakeTebdiT Zve-
xalxi quCaSi.
li qarTuli melodiebis axle-
bur interpretaciebs, Tumca giorgi gurjiZe: `adrec dag-
vikravs koncertebze, magram es
ufro metia, vidre koncerti. up-
irvelesad, imitom, rom aq gavi-
caniT erTmaneTi. bolo artgeni
CvenTvis gamorCeuli iyo: didi
mowoneba davimsaxureT da iyo
SemTxvevebi, roca ucxo adami-
anebi quCaSi gvaCerebdnen da
gveubnebodnen, rom Cveni dakru-
li Zalian moewonaT... es Zalian
sasiamovno iyo.~
axla klubi “eTno 99,99%” dax-
arasdros vcvlidiT ZiriTad urulia, Tumca `ficvercxli~
melodias, vcdilobdiT da vcdi- Tavis saqmianobas mainc agrZe-
lobT, maqsimalurad movargoT lebs. iseve ukraven da Sromoben,
musika axal instruments da, rogorc adre da amboben, rom
rac mTavaria, msmenels.~ musika maTi cxovrebaa.
jfufis wevrebi gamoirCevian rezi baramiZe: `musika da qa-
ara marto imiT, rom folklo- rTuli folklori CvenTvis
riT arian gatacebulebi _ isini
arc marto garTobaa da arc
ukraven yvelgan da yovelTvis,
gataceba. musika ubralod, Cveni
sadac moundebaT. repeticiebi
cxovrebaa...~
xan romelime wevris saxlSi
 un
u ni
ikk a l u ri e
eqqspon
spon a ti
ti

Zvlis salamuri
lali aleliSvili

qarTuli xalxuri instrumentebis katalogSi Sesulia samTavros

samarovanze aRmoCenili Zvlis salamuri, romelic Zvel elinTa
aRmoCenas Svidi-rva saukuniT uswrebs win.

Zvlis salamuri qarTul xalxur sakravTa kat- vSi Catanebuli. garda amisa, i poves Tixis Wur-
alogSi musikaluri folkloris mkvlevaris, gia Weli, iaraRi, tansacmeli, avgarozi da sxv.. safla-
qarCxaZis, iniciativiT Sevida: “roca katalogs va- vSi, aseve, aRmoCnda cxvrisa da xaris Zvlebi da
keTebdiT, gamaxsenda, rom simon janaSias saxelo- swored, am garemoebebis gamo, arqeologebma am sa-
bis saxelmwifo muzeumSi inaxeba samTavros sa- marxs uwodes “patara mwyemsis saflavi”, romelic
marovanze aRmoCenili uZvelesi Zvlis salamuri. Zv. w. aR. XII-XI saukuneebs miakuTvnes.
gadavwyiteT, gvenaxa da Segvetana katalogSi. amJamad, salamuri samuzeumo eqsponatia da si-
Canaweri fleitist sandro nikolaZis daxmare- mon janaSias saxelobis saxelmwifo muzeumSi
biT gavakeTeT.” inaxeba.
rodesac sakravi aaJReres, sruliad arcTu
SemTxveviTi notebi moisma. miuxedavad imisa, rom
salamuri mxolod oTx bgeras gamoscems, es aris
absoluturad gamarTuli da Camoyalibebuli
tetraqordi, romelic TiTqmis aTaswleulebiT
uswrebs berZnuli tetraqordebis Camoyalibebas.
es gasagebicaa: salamuri 7-8 saukuniT ufro Zve-
lia, vidre Zvel elinelTa aRmoCena.
garda amisa, am instruments kidev erTi unikal-
uroba aRmoaCnda. kerZod, daxris kuTxes monacv-
leobiT ecvleba toni, rac SemTxveviTi ar aris.
gia qarCxaZe: “am salamuris Tvisebebi namdvilad
yuradRebis Rirsia: salamurs moxrili forma
aqvs da Cabervis kuTxis cvlilebisas sxvadasxva
gama ikvreba. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom is samnax-
vretiania, anu erT poziciaSi oTxi notis gamo-
cema SeuZlia, Cabervis kuTxis cvlilebiT, praqti-
kulad, nebismieri notis miReba SegviZlia.”
ramdenime wlis win, saqarTvelos kulturu-
li memkvidreobis fondis iniciativiT, qarTu-
li xalxuri instrumentebis katalogis Sed-
gena gadawyda. aRinusxa yvela xalxuri sakravi,
romelzec dRemde ukraven. saqarTvelos yvela
kuTxidan qarTul-xalxur instrumentebze dakvr-
is ostatebi Camoiyvanes. aRiwera sul 16 instru-
menti. am katalogSi, rogorc uZvelesi, 71 wlis
win samTavros samarovanze aRmoCenili Zvlis
salamuri Seitanes.
1937 wels, akademikosebis ivane javaxiSvili-
sa da simon janaSias xelmZRvanelobiT, mcxeTis
raionSi arqeologiuri gaTxrebi daiwyo. arqe-
ologebma 1938-48 wlebSi Tvramet heqtarze gan-
fenili, mcxeTis CrdiloeTiT mdebare, gareuban
samTavros mravalSriani samarovani gaTxares.
sxvadasxva dros ori aTasze meti samarxi aRmo-
aCina.
1938 wels samarovnis CrdiloeT ubanze gaTxril
erT-erT samarxSi gedis lulovani Zvlisagan na-
keTi ueno salamuri aRmoaCines.
Zvlis salamuri 14-15 wlis biWs hqonda safla-

27
 l it a rti
Smagi

SemTxveviT Sevityve, rom axali Teatraluri sivrce
ramdenime TveSi gaixsneba. ufro swored, aRdgeba Teat-
ri “globusi,” romelic meriam ijariT gadasca ope-
risa da baletis Teatris direqtors, daviT sayvareli-
mano bazuaSvili
Zes. meriis finansuri mxardaWeriT igegmeba Senobis
garemonteba. Senoba erTi welia, ar funqcionirebs. am kompozitor aleqsandre SaverzaSvilis saxeli axali TaobisTvis
Teatris garSemo bevri saintereso faqts Seveswari, naklebad cnobilia, xolo wina Taobebis mexsierebaSi ki TiTqmis da-
razec minda, Tavad giamboT. viwyebas mieca. Tbilisis saxelmwifo konservatoriis profesorebi
meria Tbilisobis dResaswaulisTvis afusfusda: Zalisxmevas ar iSureben aleqsandre SaverzaSvilis saxelisa da
“eqstemalur pirobebSi” Sedga “cxra aprilis baRis” Semoqmedebis ukvdavsayofad.
rekonstruqcia, romelsac ara marto Cveni, aramed
ufrosi Taobac dRemde “aleqsandres baRs” uwodebs.
am baRze metad momwonda patara mrgvali Senoba, rom- konservatoriis mcire darbazis scenaze kameruli musikis saRamo
lis arcTu mimzidvel garegnobas araerTxel movuxib- gaimarTa. es RonisZieba kompozitor al. SaverzaSvilis dabadebidan
livar: ocnebiT warmovidgendi patara scenas msaxiobe- 90 wlis iubiles mieZRvna.
biT. maT arabunebriv moZraobebs, roca Sublze ofli saqarTvelos saxalxo artisti da zaqaria faliaSvilis premiis
askdebaT... laureati al. (Sura) SaverzaSvili XXs. moRvaweobda. misi, ro-
metexis Teatrma, romelic 1974w. Seiqmna, 1988 wels gorc kompozitoris moRvaweoba mravalmxrivia. is iyo, ara mxolod
adgili Seicvala. is aTi wliT “Zvel saxlSi” gad-
kompozitori, aramed Teoretikosi, pedagogi da sazogado moRvawe.
abargda. reJisor sandro mrevliSvilis dauRalavi
Sromis Sedegad ki, Senoba aigo “aleqsandres baR- sakmaod xangrZlivi drois ganmavlobaSi is Tbilisis saxelmwifo
Si,” is garegnulad globusis msgavsia, im Teatrisa, konservatoriis profesori gaxldaT. swored, am adamianis xsovnas
romelSic odesRac Seqspiri Tavad TamaSobda. am arq- mieZRvna konservatoriis mcire darbazSi gamarTuli 2-saaTiani kam-
iteqturis mibaZviT, mravali Teatri aigo msoflioSi. eruli musikis koncerti. saiubileo saRamos musikismcodne dodo
Sesabamisad, qarTul arqiteqturul “naxevarsferosac” gogua uZRveboda. misi gamosvla kompozitoris mogonebiTa da misi
globusi uwodes. Rvawlis gaxsenebiT daiwyo.
dadga dro da Teatrs finansurad gauWirda. me- Sura SaverzaSvili musikosebis ojaxSi daibada. mama, vasil Saver-
riam gadawyvita, daexuraT. mrevliSvils, jafa wyalSi
zaSvili XXs. 20-ian wlebSi qarTul misikalur wreebSi Zalze
Cauyares: Teatridan gauSves. 2008 wels meriam Teat-
ris aRdgena gadawyvita. am periodSi saqarTveloSi misaRebi musikosi iyo. swored, vasil SaverzaSvilia pirveli mun-
Camovida axalgazrda reJisori daviT papava, romelic ji kinos musikis avtori. mamida Tamar SaverzaSvili ki, qarTuli
moRvaweobda jer londonis wamyvan TeatrebSi, Sem- sabavSvo safortepiano literaturis fuZemdebelia. rogorc Cans,
deg kolumbiaSi, sadac man gabriel garsia markesis- aleqsandres musikisadmi siyvaruli ojaxma bavSobidanve Caunerga.
gan “martoobis asi weliwadis” inscenirebis ufleba igi jer Tbilisis pirvel musikalur saswavlebelSi saforterpiano
miiRo. Teatris xelmZRvanelad swored misi kandida- ganyofilebaze swavlobda, 1939w. ki Tbilisis saxelmwifo konserva-
tura dasaxelda. ordRiani yoymanis Semdeg, reJisori
daTanxmda da pirobac wamoayena: Teatri saxecvlili
unda aRmdgariyo. es iqneboda laboratoria, romelic
daeTmoboda ara marto msaxiobebs, aramed niWier re-
Jisorebs, mxatvrebs, dizainerebs. arc Tu mcire Tanxe-
bi iyo saWiro, magram amis piroba miiRes.
parki galamazda, magram Teatrs cvlileba ver Se-
vatyve: gaSavebuli xis fasadi da daJangebuli sax-
uravi eWvs kidev ufro mimZafrebda. orjer vesaubre
darajs, romelic yoveldRe eloda muSebis gamoCenas,
magram amaod. sabolood, SeRebes kedlebi, SeiZines
cotaodeni aparatura... da sezonic gaixsna. premiera
Tbilisobis dResaswaulis farglebSi Sedga. im erTi
wlis ganmavlobaSi, rac papava Teatris samxatvro
xelmZRvaneli iyo, daidga oTxi speqtakli, Tumca aSka-
ra iyo, rom Teatrs mayureblebi aklda. aRfrTovaneba
ver davmale, erTaderTxel rom davinaxe abaSiZis quCis
erT-erTi korpusis karze gakruli “globusis” afiSa.
speqtaklebze vnaxe is, rac Cems warmosaxvaSi ar- toriis sakompozicio fakultetis studenti gaxda. mis profesiul
sebobda: Tanamedrove piesebze Seqmnili speqtaklebi
gazrdaSi seriozuli wvlili Seitana misma pedagogma, cnobilma qar-
teqnologiebis gamoyenebiTa da originaluri xedviT,
Tamami inteleqtualuri interpretaciebiT. mzrunveli Tvelma kompozitorma da sazogado moRvawem, andria balanCivaZem. igi
xeli yvelafers etyoboda, magram naTeli iyo, rom iyo qarTuli simfoniuri da safortepiano musikis Janris erT-erTi
Zveli skamebi rigianad arc ki SeekeTebinaT, msaxiobis fuZemdebeli. swored, andria balanCivaZea pirveli qarTuli baletis,
yovel Sextomaze ki velodi, rom moryeuli iataki Cai- ,,mzeWabukis” avtori. al. SaverzaSvils eamayeboda, rom misi pedagogi
mtvreoda da miwaSi Caitanda. faqtia, papavas didi iyo swored iseTi didi pirovneba, rogoric andria balanCivaZea.
ambiciebi hqonda da mis interesebs upirispirdeboda al. SaverzaSvilis biografiidan ramdenime detalis gaxsenebis
saministro, romelic sulac ar apirebda didi Tanxe- Semdeg koncerti gaxsnilad gamocxadda. mis nawarmoebebs kolegebTan
bi Caedo am patara TeatrSi. reJisori, faqtobrivad,
erTad ZiriTadad kompozitoris STamomavlebi asrulebdnen. aRsan-
moatyues da erTi wliT Tbiliss miajaWves.
erT dResac man moulodnelad Seityo, rom misi iSnavia is faqti, rom qarTul musikalur samyaroSi SaverzaSvilebis
Teatri aRar arsebobda. arc Zveli “globusi” da aRa- gvari erTgvar musikalur dinastiad aRiqmeba. koncertis mTavari
rc Tanamedrove “gloubi” (ase uwoda man Tavis axal gmiri, misi Svili giorgi SaverzaSvili iyo. man musikaluri ganaTle-
xelovnebis centrs). reJisori saqarTvelodan “gaiq- ba saqarTveloSi miiRo, Semdeg ki fortepianos ganxriT staJireba
ca,” magram is axalgazrdebi axla sad arian, vin icis. moskovSi gaiara. amJamad igi sakompozitoro kaTedris asocirebuli
faqtia, rom maTTvis Tavisufali, Ria da saswavlo profesoria da vano sarajiSvilis saxelobis saxelmwifo konser-
sivrce daixura. imedia, Teatri amjerad namdvilad vatoriaSi pedagogiur moRvaweobas eweva. mis Semoqmedebas, iseve
garemontdeba da imave funqcias Seasrulebs, risTvi-
rogorc saqarTveloSi, msoflios bevr qveyanaSic Zalian kargad ic-
sac ocdaTeqvsmeti wlis win Seiqmna.
noben. giorgi SaverzaSvili Tavisi safortepiano qmnilebebis pirvel
28
 l it a rti

Semsruleblad TiTqmis yovelTvis Tavad gvevlineba xolme.
koncertze da-Zmam _ marine da giorgi SaverzaSvilebma nawyveti,
mamis operidan ,,marine”, erToblivad Seasrules, rasac msmenelTa
didi aplodismenti mohyva. Mmayureblis winaSe yvelaze patara Saver-
zaSvili _10wlis elenec warsdga. koncerti aleqsandre SaverzaSvi-
lis Temebze Seqmnili safortepiano fantaziebis SesrulebiT giorgi
SaverzaSvilma daasrula. auditoria Zalian nasiamovnebi da kmayo-
fili darCa.
kompozitorma vaJa azazaSvilma pedagogi didi siyvaruliT gaixse-
na: ,,al. SaverzaSvili iyo ara mxolod ganaTlebuli pirovneba, aramed
amave dros Zalian keTilSobili adamianic. igi moswavleebis intere-
sebs yovelTvis iTvaliswinebda. dauzarelad, Zalian bevrs Sromobd,
rom studentebisTvis kargi ganaTleba mieca. minda qedi movixaro
misi didi Rvawlisa da Semoqmedebis winaSe.”
al. SaverzaSvilis moswavleebi iyvnen cnobili Tanamedrove kom-
pozitorebi, maT Soris biZina kvernaZe, romelic mis pirad saitze
gamoqveynebul biografiaSi wers: ,,Tayvans vcem niWier xalxs. vici
maTi niWis fasi. ukeTesi araa, kargi da niWieri megobrebi rom gyavs?
ZlierebSi unda iyo megobari, unda giyvardes sxvisi musika, Tu is
kargia, ar SeiZleba, ar giyvardes. Semoqmeds Semoqmedi unda uyvardes.”
orsaaTiani koncertis ganmavlobaSi SemsruleblebTan erTad
scenaze idga saRamos wamyvani, musikaTmcodne dodo gogua, romelmac
stumrebisgan sasiamovno maspiinZlobisTvis uxvi madloba miiRo. ,,me
dRevandeli saRamoTi Zalian kmayofili var, radgan momeca saSuale-
ba mogvegonebina Rvawlmosili musikosi da kompozitori aleqsan-
dre SaverzaSvili. Mman Tavisi SemoqmedebiT qarTuli profesiuli
musikis istoriaSi udaod Cawera sakuTari furceli. Mmis Semoqmede-
baSi musikis TiTqmis yvela ZiriTadi Janria warmodgenili, Tumca
aRsaniSnavia, rom Tavad kompozitorisTvis yvelaze ufro axlobeli
kamerul-instrumentuli Janri iyo. dRes Sesrulda misi erT-erTi
saukeTeso nawarmoebi ,,mesame safortepiano trio”, romelSic, Cemi
azriT, savsebiT warmoCinda batoni Suras niWi. dRevandeli saRamo
erTgvarad TaobaTa cvlasac asaxavda, SaverzaSvilebis Semoqmedeba
musikis maradul mniSvnelobas asaxavs.”
al. SaverzaSvilis Semoqmedebis mTavari RerZi misi kamerul-in-
strumentul nawarmoebebia.
Sura SaverzaSvils kamerul musikalur nawarmoebebTan erTad ori
operac aqvs Seqmnili: ,,marine” da ,,axali napirebisken”. is avtoria
pirveli qarTuli operetasi _ ,,nino”.Aam kompozitorisTvis aqtual-
uria SoTa rusTavelis ,,vefxistyaosani”. am nawarmoebze dayrdnobiT
Seqmna simfoniuri poema ,,qajeTi”, romelsac safuZvlad daedo nes-
tan-darejanis qajeTis cixidan gaTavisuflebis scena. musikaTmcod-
neebis azriT, aleqsandre SaverzaSvilis Semoqmedebas kidev ufro
mniSvelovans xdis is, rom mis TiToeul nawarmoebSi Zalian kargad
igrZnoba TanamedroveobasTan mWidro kavSiri.
qeTi Toduas sveti
stumari stumrad misvlas agvianebs. koncerti
Tavis droze arasodes iwyeba. avtobusi Tu matare-
beli daniSnul droze sul mcire 5 wuTiT gvian
gadis... Cemi dakvirvebiT, am qveyanaSi mxolod prezi-
dentis sityviT gamosvla da sainformacio gamoSve-
bebi iwyeba Tavis droze.
prezidenti, ho, gasagebia, amerikaSi swavlobda,
drois yadri icis da CvensaviT umiznod ar xar-
javs. sainformacio gamoSvebis droulad dawyebac
gasagebia: yvelas unda, saswrafod gadasces qveynis
mTavari piris naTqvami. Tumca, rac ar unda gasak-
viri iyos, dagvianebiT iwyeba speqtakli TviT pre-
zidentis Sesaxebac.
ramdenime dRis win TeatrSi viyavi da minda
mogiyveT, rogor uyurebs speqtakls dagvianebis
moyvaruli sazogadoeba.
speqtakli mxolod xuTi wuTis dagvianebiT,
xolo darbazis Sevseba ki, aTi wuTis Semdeg dai-
wyo. bileTze aRniSnulia: “mesame zaris Semdeg may-
urebeli darbazSi ar daiSveba,” magram am gafrTx-
ilebas aranairi Sedegi ar mohyolia. mayurebelmac
daagviana da personalmac Tavisuflad SemouSva
isini darbazSi.
naklebad maRelvebda, rom Semoswrebulebma
speqtaklis dasawyisi gamotoves. is ufro miqmnida
diskomforts, rom xuT wuTSi erTxel morbenali
Tavebis yureba miwevda. rogorc wesi, yvela dagvi-
anebuls mobiluric urekavda. mSoblebs, megobrebs,
Soreul naTesavebs atyobinebdnen, cota ki dagvagvi-
anda, magram darbazSi mainc SegviSveso. arada bile-
Tze isic aris aRniSnuli, rom darbazSi mobiluriT
da fotoaparatiT sargebloba ar SeiZleba.
Cemi yuradReba gansakuTrebiT erTma Semoswreb-
ulma mii pyro. isic vifiqre, saerTod ratom Semo-
dioda-meTqi?! mTeli speqtaklis ganmavlobaSi sim-
Rerebs usmenda, Tan ise xmamaRla, xSirad msaxiobebis
teqstic ki ar ismoda. Tanac, rac me daviTvale,
sul mcire aTjer mainc Tqva, es speqtakli zepirad
vicio. amis dasadastureblad xandaxan musikis sme-
nas wyvetda da mayureblebs winaswar gviyveboda, ra
moxdeboda, romeli msaxiobi ras ityoda. speqtak-
li sanam damTavrdeboda, finalic vicodi da isic,
romel msaxiobs reJisorTan ra naTesauri kavSiri
hqonda. yvelaze metad ki gamakvirves im adamianebma,
romlebic darbazSi speqtaklis damTavrebamde 20
wuTiT adre Semovidnen. albaT, maTi gagebac SeiZle-
ba: zarmacebma da niWierebma sizarmaces sZlies da
TeatrSi wamosvlamde ,,mniSvnelovani” saqmec moag-
vares.
29
 ra m pa

siyvarulis sasaxle
1 000 000 oqrod gayiduli dedoflis axireba

maia gulisaSvili
xelovnebis sasaxleSi wels pirveli gamofena saxelwodebiT _
,,TurqeTi qarTul xelovnebaSi” 30 ianvars Sedgeba. damTvalierebels
XIXs. stambulis unikaluri suraTebis naxvis saSualeba miecema. aseve
warmodgenili iqneba sxvadasxva filmSi gamoyenebuli kostumebis
eskizebi, rogoricaa giorgi saakaZis, maia wyneTelis, baSi-aCukisa da a.S.
gamofena TurqeTSi gadainacvlebs.

siyvarulis sasaxle- swored princs miscao,” _ Turme, mTeli bodnen.

ase moixseneben xelovnebis sasax- saqarTvelo ase icinoda. Tum- ,,siyvarulis koSkisa da saidum-
les, romelic mtkvris marjvena ca agrafinam germaniis princi lo oTaxis rekonstruqcia male
sanapiroze, kargareTelis quCaze uariT gaistumra da uTxra, vinc dasruldeba da damTvaliereb-
mdebareobs. XIXs. samocian wleb- fuli gadagixada, survilic iman lebs misi naxvis SesaZlebloba
Si es adgili baRis quCad iwode-
boda, radgan quCis orive mxares
germaneli kolonizatorebis mier
gaSenebuli baRebi yvaoda. sasax-
lis mSeneblobis dawyebis isto-
ria ki siyvarulis ambavs ukav-
Sirdeba.
xelovnebis sasaxlis direq-
toris, batoni giorgi kalandias
TqmiT, am Senobis ageba germaniis
princ, konstantine petres Ze old-
enburgels (1850-1906) ubrZanebia.
ai, sasaxlis istoriac _ 1866
wels saqarTveloSi Camovida
cnobili mxatvari mixail ziCi,
romelic vefxistyaosnis cocxal
suraTebs xatavda. mixaili Ta-
vad dadianis meuRlis, agrafina
jafariZe-dadianis silamazem ga-
aoca da erT-erTi suraTisaTvis
nestan-darejanis rolic ki Ses-
Tavaza.
agrafinam misi SemoTavazeba
uyoymanod miiRo. 1866 wels ve-
fxistyaosnis cocxali naxatebis
xatvis dros konstantinem agra- agisruloso. momavali wlidan miecemaT” _ am-
fina piradad naxa da misi si- princs qarTveli qalbatonis bobs batoni giorgi.
yvaruli maSinve gulSi Cauvarda. saqcieli gaukvirda da sagoneb- sasaxlis pirveladi saxe gare-
agrafinas silamaze maSin mTel elSi Cavarda. bolos uTxra, ra dan mTlianad SenarCunebulia.
qveyanaSi cnobili iyo. misi gu- gavakeTo Seni gulis mosagebado. rac Seexeba SigniTa nawils, sak-
lis monadireba bevr mamakacs agrafinam swored am sasaxlis maod Secvlilia. gadmocemiT,
ewada, magram igi gaTxovili iyo aSeneba mosTxova. Tumca sasax- sasaxlis gaxsnisas gamarTul
da misi siyvarulis mopoveba ara- lis nawili agrafinas moTxov- mejlisze miwveuli stumrebi aR-
vis SeeZlo. amis Semdeg princ- namde aSenebuli yofila. konstan- frTovanebas ver malavdnen. sa-
ma arc acia, arc acxela, dadia- tines mSenebare sasaxle avstriis saxleSi Sesvlisas iseTi STabeW-
nis meuRles piradad eaxla da imperatoris qveSevrdomis, franc dileba iqmneboda, TiTqos wyalSi
1 000 000 milion oqrod agrafinas titelis qaliSvilis, emeliasagan, Sediodnen. es imitom, rom iata-
erTi RamiT daTmoba sTxova. Ta- SeuZenia. ase aSenda es sasaxle ki mTlianad brolis iyo, masze
vadi fulma moxibla da meuRle Tavisi siyvarulis koSkiTa da areklili sinaTle ki iatakze
gasayidad gaimeta. saidumlo oTaxiT, sadac agrafina ise dalivlivebda, rogorc zRvis
`agrafina, kiskisao, tarielma da konstantine erTmaneTs xvde- talRebze Camavali mzis mewamuli

30
 ra m pa
sxivebi. drosTan erTad sasaxlis erebi, kostumebi, naxatebi, fotoebi, muSave personalis xelfasebis
mdgomareobac Seicvala, bolSevi- afiSebi da ase Semdeg. gastumrebasa da Senobis rekon-
kuri wyobis dros Senoba daar- saafiSo fondi muzeumis daar- struqcias xmardeba.
sebisTanave Seiqmna da 70 000-ze
met eqsponats moicavs. gansakuT-
rebiT mniSvnelovania saopero
fondi, romelic 1971 wlidan dRem-
de periods moicavs da aq daculi
afiSebi gansakuTrebuli Rireb-
ulebiT gamoirCeva.
sasaxlis muzeumis eqsponate-
bidan yvelaze Zveli, vanis arqe-
ologiuri gaTxrebis dros (1941
weli) aRmoCenili antikuri niRa-
bia, romelic Zveli welTaRricx-
vis meore aTaswleuliT TariRd-
eba. antikuri niRabi muzems 1945
wels gadaeca.
muzeumSi iseTi nivTebi inaxe-
bies da gaZarcves. SemdegSi aq ba, rogoricaa: sergo zaqariaZis
goneba-SezRudulTa, ufro mogvi- saTvale filmidan ,,jariskacis
anebiT ki yru-munjTa saswavle- mama”, cnobili momRerlis sandro
beli gaixsna. rac Seexeba sasax- inaSvilis toreadoris kostumi “aRniSnuli eqsponatebi sa-
les, is 1929 wlidan funqcioni- speqtaklidan ,,karmeni”, romelic saxlis muzeumSi drodadro
rebs. manamde erekles moedanze sagangebod milanSi daumzadebiaT, grovdeboda. zogi nayidia daviT
mdebareobda, romelic 1927 wels Salva dadianis saweri magida da arseniSvilis mier, zogic Tanam-
daviT arseniSvilis ZalisxmeviT Sromlebis Segrovebulia. aseve
daarsda. mogvianebiT batoni da- kerZo koleqcionerebis Semowir-
viTi ruseTis andrei rublovis ulobebi. Eeqsponatebs gvaZleven
muzeumis pirveli direqtoric sxvadasxva dawesebulebebi, kono-
gaxda. Teatrebi, dasebi da ase Semdeg.
dRes xelovnebis sasaxle Ta- zogi gvCuqnis, rom misi an misi
visi mniSvnelobiT mTel kavka- mSoblebis moRvaweoba ukvdavyo-
siaSi erTaderTia, eqsponatebis fili gaxdes. xan Cveni ZalebiT
simdidriT ki msoflio mniSvn- vcdilobT yidvas an sponsorebs
elobis muzeumebs utoldeba. aq mivmarTavT. dafinansebiT kultu-
sxvadasxva umdidresi fondebia ris saministo gvafinansebs, rac
warmodgenili, rogoricaa saxviTi skami, aseve misi xmali, dimitri xelfasebis gastumrebasa da sare-
xelovneba, biblioTeka da rarit- arayiSvili oqros saaTi, zaqaria abilitacio xarjebs xmardeba.
eruli gamocemebi, gramfirfitebi faliaSvilis “daisis” xelnaweri, Tumca xSirad mainc saministros
da fono-audio, foto, saafiSo nino ramiSvilis saxelobis qar- dafinansebiT vaxerxebT unikal-
da a.S. sasaxleSi warmodgenili Tuli nacionaluri baletis sax- uri nivTebis SeZenas,” _ ambobs
fondebi 300 000 eqsponats moicavs elmwifo akademiuri dasis kosti- batoni giorgi.
da maTi raodenoba wlebTan er- umebi, cnobili qarTveli mocekva- raTa Tavidan aicilon muzeum-
Tad kidev izrdeba. vis, fridon sulaberiZis aWaruli Si yalbi nivTebis moxvedra, spe-
sasaxleSi mravali Zvirfasi Coxa, vaJa fSavelas Coxis masrebi, cialuri eqspertiza tardeba. es
moskovSi kote marjaniSvilis im SemTxvevaSi, Tu rame saeWvo
mier daarsebuli ,,Tavisufali iqneba da nivTis originalobis
Teatris” farda, romelic muzeu- sakiTxi eWvqveS dadgeba.
mis erT-erTi pirveli eqspona- ,,rodesac xelnawerebs vyidu-
tia. farda mravali wlis ganma- lobT, Tu Suasaukuneebis periods
vlobaSi dakargulad iTvlebo- ganekuTvneba, specialuri damadas-
da, magram 1930 wels is moskovis turebeli sabuTi moyveba, rom is
erT-erT Teatralur sardafSi marTlac originalia. aseve, Sem-
aRmoaCines da sasaxlis muzeums syidveli komisia gvyavs, romelic
gadasces. am sakiTxs ganixilavs,” _ ambobs
da unikaluri eqsponatia daculi, rogorc batoni giorgi ambobs, giorgi kalandia.
rogoricaa cnobili moRvaweebis eqsponatebis SeZena ZiriTadad sx- muzeumSi amJamad saremonto
xelnawerebi, piradi nivTebi, avto- vadasxva kerZo pirebisa da kom- samuSaoebi mimdinareobs, savarau-
grafebi, wignebi, Jurnal-gazeTebi, paniebis dafinansebiT xdeba. mar- dod, momavali wlisaTvis dasrul-
qarTuli filmebis scenarebi, au- Talia, saqarTvelos kulturis deba da sasaxlis is adgilebi, sa-
dio-video da sxvadasxva saxelm- saministro valdebulia, daafinan- dac dRes damTvalierebelebisaT-
wifo mniSvnelobis dokumentebi, sos muzeumi, magram misgan gamo- vis Sesvla akrZalulia, yvelas-
cnobil adamianTa piradi mimow- yofili finansebi ZiriTadad mo- Tvis xelmisawvdomi gaxdeba.

31
 ra m pa

”... zRva, romelic Soria”

salome aCba
`zRva, romelic Soria”- ase hqvia, Temur CxeiZis mier, guram odiSarias piesis
mixedviT dadgmul speqtakls, romelic konstantine gamsaurdias saxelobis soxumis
Teatrma warmoadgina. premiera 5 wlis win, samefo ubnis TeatrSi, zamTris erT civ
da susxian saRamos gaimarTa.
es is droa, roca TbilisSi jer
kidev energokrizisia da Suqic
xSirad qreba. premieraze mTeli
ojaxiT wavediT. speqtakli sul
ramdenime wuTis dawyebuli iyo,
roca Suqi Caqra. darbazSi saSin-
lad cioda. samefo ubnis Teatri,
im dros albaT erTaderTi Teatri
iyo, romelic amgvar eqstremalur
situaciaSi, mayurebels cxel Cais,
sruliad ufasod sTavazobda.
wlebis ganmavlobaSi, CvenTan xom
cxeli Cai, gaTbobis erTaderTi
Tu ara, erT-erTi saSualeba iyo.
xoda mec, gayinul xelis gu-
lebs, rac SeiZleba magrad vakrav
cxeli Cais finjans, vismen sain-
tereso istoriebs, speqtaklTan
dakavSirebiT, piesis avtorisgan
da velodebi warmodgenis ga-
naxlebas. Ddidi xnis lodinis
Semdeg, rogorc iqna, “mwyobridan
gamosuli mecxre energo bloki,
kvlav amuSavda” da speqtaklic
ganaxlda.
Mmoqmedeba soxumSi, zRvispira
pansionatTan xdeba. qarTveli
zurabi, mamis saflavis sanaxa-
vad, afxazi megobris astamuris
daxmarebiT soxumSi Camodis.
Ppirveli scenac, swored Zveli
megobrebis SexvedriTa da maTi
dialogiT iwyeba. saubari mZimed,
ukompromisod imarTeba. orive mx-
are ixsenebs omis tkivilebs da
erTmaneTs adanaSaulebs. saubaris
toni maSin rbildeba, roca bavS-
vobasa da saerTo megobrebis gax-
adamians erTmaneTi ar sZuls. da afxazi ori sxvadasxva kibiT
senebas iwyeben. warsulia is, rac
speqtaklSi uamravi qveteqsti adian da barieris (moajiris)
qarTvel da afxaz megobrebs, saer-
da simboloa. rac meti fiqrisa gadalaxvis Semdeg oriveni erTad,
To aqvT.
da gansjis saSualebas aZlevs may- erT magidasTan sxdebian.
ra Tqma unda, maT urTierTo-
urebels. speqtakls zurabisa da astam-
baSi sixiste da TavSekaveba Cans.
soxumis pansionatis sasceno uris garda, kidev erTi monawile-
Tumca, aSkaraa, rom maT erTmaneTi
dekoraciis aivanze, qarTveli saida hyavs. is zurabisa da
monatrebiaT. aSkaraa, rom am or
32

astamuris saerTo afxazi mego-
bris anzoris qvrivia. miuxedavad
yvelafrisa, saida mzadaa meore
mxares, yvela Secdoma miutevos.
omis yvelaze didi Secdoma ki
isaa, rom samwuxarod, orive mx-
ares uamravi saida dagvitova...
astamurisa da zurabis dia-
logSi, nel-nela Cndeba astam-
uris Zveli soxumisadmi nostal-
gia –“Zveli soxumi mokvda, aRar
arsebobs, is omma gaanadgura” _
ambobs dabzaruli cremlnarevi
xmiT. DdRevandeli soxumi ki sul
sxvagvaria. aq aRarc afxazuri
saubari ismis, aRarc soxumeli
qarTvelebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli,
ucnauri intonacia da aRarc cno-
bili, soxumuri, qviSaze moduRe-
buli yavis surnelia gabneuli
haerSi.
speqtaklis bolo scena soxu-
mis zRvis sanapiroze viTardeba.
Ees is adgilia, sadac zurabma
da astamurma mTeli bavSvoba
gaatares. adgili, sadac zurabis
TeTr labadas, erTad axatavdnen
mzeebsa da Toliebs, aWrelebdnen
ferad-feradi leqsebiT. mere la-
bada zurabma astamurs aCuqa. man
ki Tavis mxriv, piroba misca, roca
gavizrdebiT da am labadis arse-
bobac ki ar gexsomeba, maSin da-
gibrunebo, isev. Seusrula kidec,
piroba. Hho, swored axla, omis,
cremlebis, sisxlis, tkivilis da-
nakargis Semdeg, isev aq, am sana-
piroze astamuri zurabs labadas
ubrunebs.
zurabi gulis jibidan iRebs
sanTlebs da zRvas unTebs. Tovs,
qaria sanTlebi qreba. Aastamuri
kvlav daanTebs megobris sanTlebs
da isini oriveni erTad afare-
ra m pa
ben xelisgulebs, naTebas, rom ar
Caqres, rom ar moerios qari da
Tovli. N
A im dros, roca qarTveli da
afxazi Zmebi, cdiloben am naTebis
gadarCenas inglisuri simReris
fonze, scenaze Cndeba uzarmazari
gemi. zurabi da astamuri erTma-
neTs gadaefarebian, TiTqos mosa-
lodneli globaluri safrTxis-
gan icaveno eTmaneTs _ es sulis-
SemZvreli scenaa speqtaklis fi-
nalic.
rogorc speqtaklis reJisori,
Temur CxeiZe, erT-erT inter-
viuSi ambobs, afxazeTis Temati-
kaze speqtaklis dadgmis survili
didi xnis win gauCnda. mogvi-
anebiT dimitri jaians, soxumis
Teatris msaxiobs daukavSirda da
sTxova moeZebna mwerali, romelic
afxazeTis Tematikaze Seqmnili
speqtaklisTvis scenars dawerda. da orive mxares, dafiqrebisa da
msaxiobma reJisori guram dialogisken mouwodebs.
odiSaraias daakavSira, dueti speqtakli damTavrda. mTeli
Sedga. scenari guram odiSarias SemoqmedebiTi jgufi erTad gamo-
moTxrobebis mixedviTaa dawerili dis scenaze da Tavs ukravs may-
da realur faqtebs eyrdnoba. urebels.
“Temur CxeiZe genialuri re- daixura fardac da kadrebad
Jisoria. Mman ufro gaaRrmava da vxedav Cems bavSvobas. bavSvo-
gaamZafra piesa, bevri qveteqsti bas, romelic erT lurjTvala
Cado. speqtakli daidga, imaze Tu qalaqSi, soxumSi gavatare. vxe-
rogor vxocavT Cven da afxa- dav dRes, roca sul pataram, 3-4
zebi erTmaneTs. Aam speqtaklSi wlisam, soxumis zRvis sanapiroze,
ki yvelaferi sxvagvaradaa. Aaq qviSis koSkebis Seneba daviwye. im
omis Semdgomi situaciaa aRwer-
dRes daiwyo omic. omma, koSkebT-
ili. rac mTavaria, am speqtakliT,
an erTad, Cemi bavSvobac daitova
omis damTavrebis Semdeg, pirveli
mZevlad. da ra vqna Tu, gulu-
dialogi Sedga, or mxares Soris
bryvilo var da mjera, rom erT
“guram odiSaria. Mmwerali. Ppi-
dResac, me im koSkebis dasamTavre-
esis avtori (Jurnali “riwa”)
am speqtaklis yvelaze pozi- blad, aucileblad davbundebi...
tiuri mxare, albaT isaa, rom is davbrundebi da.. “da dRe iqneba
protests ucxadebs militarizms ufro grZeli wuTisofelze”
33
 kin o

holivuduri
Tbilisi
qeTi Todua

“Zlieri antisaomari gancxadeba,”– ase afasebs holivudeli reJisori

axal films. ruseT-saqarTvelos omze gadaRebuli es holivuduri filmi
ki saqarTvelos prezidentma, mixeil saakaSvilma gasuli wlis erT-erT
umniSvnelovanes movlenad Seafasa.

2009 wlis oqtombersa da no- va qveynis prezidentma mimarTa rTvelos pirveli piris sajaro
emberSi saqarTveloSi namdvili sakanonmdeblo organos Seno- gamosvlebs. Canawerebis saSuale-
varskvlavTcvena iyo. Cvens qveya- basTan Sekrebil xalxs. scenis biT ki mis manerebs swavlobda.
nas holivudidan uamravi cnobili gadaRebaSi Tbilisis moqalaqee- faqtia, rom garsiam es SeZlo.
adamiani ewvia. maT Soris, endi bic monawileobdnen. nebismier meti msgavsebisaTvis pedagogma
garsiac. garsia prezident saaka- msurvels SeeZlo, misuliyo par- mas inglisuris kavkasiuri aqcen-
Svilis rols asrulebs saqar- lamentTan da sakuTari TvaliT tiT laparakic ki aswavla.
Tvelo-ruseTis ,,prezidentisa
omis Sesaxeb ga- da garsias fi-
daRebul axal zikur msgavseba-
filmSi. ze verafers ge-
axal films tyviT, magram man
,,kerketi kaka- ise gaiTavisa
li 2-is” reJi- saakaSvilis Sin-
sori, rene har- agani samyaro da
lini iRebs. har- Jestikulacia,
linis filmi rom kidev erTx-
mogviTxrobs el davrwmundi
amerikel Jur- am msaxiobis ni-
nalistsa da op- WierebaSi. man Se-
eratorze, rom- boWili qarTve-
lebic omSi aR- li msaxiobebic
moCndnen. ise gaxsna, iseTi
reJisorma saa- uSualo iyo maT-
kaSvilis rolis Tan urTierToba-
Sesasruleblad Si, rom gavocdi.
cnobili amerike- saocari adamiani
li msaxiobi, endi da msaxiobia,” –
garsia moiwvia. aRniSna Jurnal-
filmis gadaRe- istebTan msax-
bebi ramdenime iobma givi sixa-
Tvis win daiwyo. prezidentis enaxa, Tu rogor iReben holivu- ruliZem, romelic filmSi litvis
rolSi gadasaRebad ki, garsia dis warmomadgenlebi filmebs. prezidentis rols asrulebs.
saqarTvelos sami dRiT ewvia. parlamentTan Sekrebili sazo- rene harlenis filmSi, samuSao
endi garsia 18 oqtombers pre- gadeoba gadaRebebiT kmayofili saTauriT “Georgia-Russia War Project”,
zidentis piradi TviTmfrina- Canda. isini saqarTvelos, amerikis, holivudis sxva cnobili msax-
viT baTumSi Cafrinda, iqidan ki evropis megobari qveynebis dro- iobebic TamaSoben. magaliTad,
TbilisSi Camovida. meore dRes Sebs afrialebdnen da skandi- 90-iani wlebis cnobili seria-
msaxiobi mixeil saakaSvils sa- rebdnen prezidentis saxels. lis, ,,supermenis” mTavari gmiri,
saxleSi ewvia da misgan ramdenime rogroc Cans, garsiam preziden- din qeini, amomavali varskvlavi
rCevac miiRo. tis mier pirvel dRes micemuli rupert frendi da vel kilm-
gadaRebebis pirveli ori dRe rCevebi gaiTvaliswina: yvelam, eri. kilmeri cnobilia Tavisi
prezidentis axal rezidenciaSi vinc msaxiobi gadasaReb moedanze rolebiT filmebSi ”saukeTeso
mimdinareobda. bolo dRes ki, naxa, aRniSna, rom holivudis var- msroleli” da “The Doors”, sadac
filmis yvelaze masStaburi scena skvlavsa da saakaSvils Soris ms- is momReral jim morisons Ta-
gadaiRes. gavseba, marTlac, didia. maSobs. am msaxiobebis Camosvlas
21 oqtombers parlamentis win msgavsebisaTvis mxolod pre- iseTi gamoxmaureba ar mohyolia,
filmis gadamRebma jgufma 2008 zidentis rCevebi sakmarisi ar rogoric endi garsias stumrobas.
wlis 12 agvisto gaacocxla. am iqneboda. rogorc endi garsiam es, albaT, logikuric aris. gar-
dRes evropis xuTi sxvadasx- aRniSna, man bevrjer uyura saqa- sia sakmaod bevr cnobil film-
34

Si iRebs monawileobas. igi ro-
lisTvis filmSi ”naTlia”, nawili
mesame, 1991 wels oskarzec ki iyo
nominirebuli.
filmis Sesaxeb gansxvavebuli
poziciebic arsebobs. gamoCnd-
nen iseTi adamianebi, romlebic am
faqts arcTu ise dadebiTad uy-
ureben. maTi gancxadebiT, filmi
mikerZoebuli iqneba, radgan igi
mxolod erTi mxaris, am SemTxveva-
Si, saqarTvelos pozicias asaxavs.
am eWvs kidev ufro amyarebs ori
faqti: erTi is, rom filmis Tana-
prodiuseri, daviTaia, saakaSvilis
mxardamWeri parlamentaria. meore
da mTavari argumenti ki is aris,
rom ruseTSi filmis Cveneba ukve
akrZales.
“Georgia-Russia War Project” ar aris
dokumenturi filmi da mas obi-
eqturoba ar moeTxoveba. es aris
Cveulebrivi, mxatvruli filmi
da reJisors sruli ufleba aqvs,
nebismieri istoria sakuTari in-
terpretaciiT miitanos mayure-
blamde.
azrTa sxvadasxvaoba gamoiwvia
filmis biujetmac. proeqtis av-
toris, daviT imedaSvilis TqmiT,
maT holivudis kinostudiebs Tvi-
Tonve SesTavazes filmis gadaRe-
ba. amitomac gaCnda Tvalsazrisi,
rom filmis gadaRebas saqarT-
velos mTavroba afinansebs.
erT-erTi versiiT, filmis
gadaReba 20 milioni amerikuli
dolari jdeba. es sakmaod mcire
Tanxaa aseTi masStabis filmisT-
vis. Zneli saTqmelia, iqneba Tu
ara “Georgia-Russia War Project”
iseTive xarisxis, rogoric sxva
holivuduri filmebi. rogorc
wesi, holivudSi 20 milioni msax-
iobebis honorarebisTvisac ki ar
hyofniT. filmis prodiuserebis
gancxadebiT, endi garsia ordRi-
kin o
an gadaRebebSi naxevar milion bodes. saakaSvilis imijs aRa-
dolars dasjerda. reJisori rene raferi eSveleba,” – es respubli-
kuri partiis erT-
erTi lideris, le-
van berZeniSvilis
poziciaa filmTan
dakavSirebiT.
xelisufleba
opozicias ar eTan-
xmeba da maT filmis
gadaReba droulad
da aucileblad mi-
aCniaT.
,,es filmi Cveni
brZolis erT-erTi
instrumentia. av-
tomatiT brZolis
dro ar aris, dRes
di plomatiur omsa
da polemikaSi unda
vajoboT mowinaaRm-
harlini ki 450 aTas aSS dolars deges. films holivudis cnobili
miiRebs. reJisori iRebs da masSi msoflio
oficialuri informaciiT, saqa- donis varskvlavebi monawileo-
rTvelos biujetidan filmis ben. es ar aris gadayrili fuli.
gadaRebisaTvis mxolod erTi msoflios keTilganwyoba da saqa-
milioni dolari daixarja. sxva rTvelos mxardaWera gacilebiT
informaciiT, es Tanxa 13 mil- Zvirfasia, vidre am filmze dax-
ions aRwevs. Tumca, es calkeuli arjuli Tanxa. vici, rom filmSi
pirebis mtkicebaa da damadas- kerZo pirebis investiciaa, magram,
turebeli aranairi sabuTi ar ar- Tu am filmisTvis saxelmwifo
sebobs. saxsrebic daixarja, gamarTle-
,,yvela kargad vxvdebiT, rom bulad mimaCnia,” – ganacxada
am mravalmilionian films saqa- parlamentis vice-spikerma, gigi
rTvelosTvis ar iReben. films wereTelma.
iReben saakaSvilis saerTaSor- holividuri sazogadoeba saqa-
iso imijis gadasarCenad. xelisu- rTvelos Sida politikaSi ar
flebis warmomadgenlebs rom ereva da filmis gadaRebas agrZe-
hkiTxoT, getyvian, rom saqarT- lebs.
velos imijis ga- filmis gadaReba, romelic
darCenas cdilo- gorSi, vazianis samxedro baza-
ben, rac blefia. ze, Tbilissa da walkaSi mimdi-
filmiT dabruneb- nareobda, noemberis bolos das-
uli teritoriebi rulda. premiera ki 2010 wlis
ginaxavT sadme?! gazafxulze igegmeba. reJisors
SeiZleba, qveyana didi imedi aqvs, rom “Georgia-Rus-
am sisuleleSi sia War Project” – s pirvelad kanis
milionebs xarja- kinofestivalze aCveneben.
vdes? axla reJi- Zneli saTqmelia, marTla dae-
sor reni harlen- xmareba Tu ara filmi saqarT-
sa da endi gar- velos. msoflio kidev erTxel
sias sayvedurs gaixsenebs, ra moxda am qveyanaSi
ver vetyvi, maga- 2008 wlis zafxulSi. saerTaSor-
Ti profesia es iso sazogadoebas ukve aqvs Camo-
aris, gadauxdian yalibebuli azri am movlenebT-
fuls, hoda, film- an dakavSirebiT. saqarTvelos
sac gadaiReben momxreebs sakuTari Tvalsazrisi
da rolsac Seasruleben. magaTi filmis naxvis Semdeg kidev ufro
mizani simarTlis dadgena ver da metad ganumtkicdebaT. nakleb sa-
ar SeiZleba iyos. Tu vinmes si- varaudoa, rom ruseTis momxreebs
marTle ainteresebs, taliavinis mxatvruli filmi Sexedulebebs
daskvna waikiTxos. Cemi azriT, am Seucvlis. erTaderTi Sedegi,
ukiduresad SeWirvebul qveyanaSi iqneba is, rom am filmis daxmare-
biujetidan aseT sisuleleebze biT msoflios arasodes daavi-
erTi TeTric ar unda ixarje- wydeba ruseT-saqarTvelos omi.
35
 fo tof
fot of oku si

`uCinari kaci~
salome aCba

“uCinari kaci”- ase ilia WavWavaZe, aleqsandre roinaSvils, pirvel

qarTvel fotografs moixsenebda. Mman, mTeli cxovreba obieqtivs miRma
mdgarma, uamravi sasikeTo saqme gaakeTa, qarTuli kulturis ganviTarebi-
sTvis.

msoflio istoriaSi, pirveli foto 1826 wliT
TariRdeba. Tavdapirvelad, fotografiis mizani,
mxolod portretuli gamosaxulebis miReba
iyo. ის adamianebs drois dazogvis saSuale-
bas aZlevda. am gziT, portretis miReba, bevrad
ufro nakleb dros moiTxovda, vidre daxatva.
fotografia, Tavidan xelovnebad ar
ganixilეboda. is iyo mxolod da mxolod re-
alobis asaxvis erT-erTi gza. mis SemosvlasTan
erTad,realizmma saxviT xelovnebaSi (ferwraSi)
Tavisi funqcia dakarga da regresi ganicada.
ukve arsebobda teqnikuri aparati, romlis sa-
SualebiTac realobis zusti asaxva SeiZle-
boda. ferweraSi rეalistur-naturalisturi
naxatebis Seqmnis aucileblოba aRar iyo. mogvi-
anebiT fotografiam esTetikuri mniSvnelobac
SeiZina. is nel-nela miuaxlovda xelovnebas.
siurealistebi iyvnen erT-eri pirveli mxatvre-
bi da fotografebi, romlebic ecadnen foto-
obieqtivSi, daenaxaT arsebul realobaze meti.
magaliTad, man reis fotoebi, bevrad ufro ara-
realuri da siurealisturia, vidre misive Ses-
rulebuli, adreuli periodis ferwera. A
saqarTvelom, maleve auba fexi, im periodis

36
 fo tof
fot of oku si

evropul cxovrebaSi mimdinare procesebs. 1846 (“Ramis saubrebi”).

wels, fotografia Cvens qveyanaSic Semodis da im dros, evropaSi, fotoateliebi iTvleboda
sakmaod kargadac viTardeba. kulturul “oazisebad”, sadac Tavs iyridnen,
rodesac duSeTis erTi soflis erTi Raribi sxvadasxva qveynebidan, mowinave moazrovne xe-
unagirebis ostatis, solomonisa da misi memaq- lovanebi. fotosalonebi iyo is erTaderTi ad-
mane meuRlis, marines ojaxSi, kidev erTi Svili, gili, sadac progresulad moazrovne, Tumca re-
aleqsandre daibada, albaT veravin warmoidgen- gresirebuli cnobierebis mqone sazogadoebis
da, rom wlebis Semdeg swored iს gaxdeboda mier marginalizebul mxatvrebsa Tu Tetaris
qarTuli fotografiis fuZemdebeli. msaxiobebs, mwerlebsa Tu poetebs, TviTreprezen-
roca pirvelad da- taciis saSualeba Ee-
dga obieqtivs miR- Zleoda. MmagaliTad
ma 14 wlis iyo da maSin, roca evropa-
mas Semdeg sxva saq- Si impresionistebs
mis keTebaze arc dauxures yvela sa-
ufiqria. gamofeno sivrce, ar
TbilisSi marto aZlevdnen saSuale-
Camovida da xatmwer- bas, TavianTi Semo-
sa da fotografs, qmedebis gamofeni-
vinme xlemovs daud- sa, cnobili frangi
ga Segirdad. swo- fotografis, nadaris
red xlemovma aswav- saxelosno iyo is
la pirvel qarTvel erTaderTi kultu-
fotografs fotoga- ruli sivrce, rom-
daReba da mxatvroba. lis karic, margin-
mogvianebiT, aleqsan- alizebuli impresio-
dre roinaSvili, Ta- nistebisTvis gaixsna.
vad gaxsnis Tavis sa- es evropuli tra-
kuTar saxelosnoebs: dicia, saqarTveloS-
“sasuraTxatos”, “rem- ic Semovida da
brandts” da “amxana- swored aleqsandre
gobas”. roinaSvilis fotoatelieebi iqca, qarTuli
aleqsandre roinaSvili, mis mier gadaRebuli kulturuli cxovrebis epicentrad.Aaq ikribe-
Zveli istoriuli Zeglebis, qalaqis xedebisa bian: ilia WavWavaZe, iakob gogebaSvili, aleqsan-
da sazogado moRvaweebis portretebiT, foto- dre yazbegi, vaJa, dimitri yifiani, ivane maCa-
grafia qarTuli inteligen- beli, ekaterine gabaSvili, bar-
ciis saxlebSi Sevida da sast- bare jorjaZe da sxv..
umro oTaxebisa da kabinetebis roinaSvilis fotosaxelos-
kedlebze, sapatio adgili dai- nos hqonda iseTi datvirTva
kava. qarTul kulturul cxovreba-
“roinaSvilma uaRresad Ri- Si, rogoric nadaris fotoate-
rebuli fotomemkvidreoba lies, frangul sazogadoebriv
dagvitova. Tu SevadarebT im da kulturul cxovrebaSi.
periodis qarTulს da evro- roinaSvilmac, nodaris msgav-
puli fotografiaს, vnaxavT, sad, araerTxel dauTmo Tavisi
rom qarTuli fotografia kulturuli sivrce marginali-
dgas zustad imave simaRleze, zebul xelovanebs.
romelzec evropuli. im peri- qarTuli Teatraluri dasi
odis qarTulma kulturulma aqvsenti cagarelis xelmZRvan-
cxovrebam fexi auba evropaSi elobiT, wlebis ganmavlოbaSi,
mimdinare procesebs da ufro swored roinaSvilis foto-
metic, 20-30 ian wlebSi, Tbili- salonSi atarebs repetici-
si aris evropuli modernizmis ebs. “momwifda niadagi mudmivi
erT-erTi centri. Ffototeqni- Teatraluri dasis daarsebisa,
kis TvalsazrisiTac, unda iTq- gamoCndnen adamianebi, romleb-
vas rom, is teqnika, rac maSin mac didad Seuwyves xeli, am
roinaSvils hqonda, arafriT saqmes. maT Sorisaa aleqsandre
Camouvardeboda im periodSi evropaSi arsebul roinaSvilic” _ wers, aqvsenti cagareli.
saukeTeso fotoaparatebs” – guram wibaxaSvili aleqsandre roinaSvili, iyo erT-erTi pirve-

37
 fo tof
fot of oku si

li iniciatori, erovnuli muzeumis Seqmnisa.

“ruseTis imperiaSi TiTqmis arc erTi eri, ar
moi poveba, rom sakuTari saxli, anu muzeumi ar
hqondes. Cven ki, romelTac upiratesoba gvaqvs
warsulis didebiTa, xelovnebiTa, mwignobrobi-
Ta, azradac ar mogvdis rom davaarsoT amgvari
erovnuli saxli. raTa dainaxos momavalma Tao-
bam, Tavisi warsuli, Tavisi dideba” _ wers is,
gazeT `iveriaSi~.
სamwuxarod, erovnuli muzeumis gaxsnis idea,
roinaSvilma ver ganaxorciela. samagierod, is
qmnis `moZrav, kavkasiur muzeums~. Zveli qar-
Tuli sabrZolo da samuSao iaraRebi, samxedro
aRkazmuloba, spilenZisa da vercxlis Wur-
Weli, umdidresi fotomasala _ am yvelafers,
aleqsandre roinaSvilma erTad mouyara Tavi
da qarTuli kulturisa da xelovnebis nimuSebi
araerTxel gamofina ruseTis sxvadasxva qalaq-
Si: peterburgSi, saratovSi, astraxanSi, samaraSi,
moskovSi.
aleqsandre roinaSvili 52 wlis asakSi gar-
daicvala. “is moukvda Tavis ers, moukvda qa-
rTvelobas, romlis bedi da ubedurebac, Tavis
bedad da ubedobad gaixada. Mman ararasgan Seqm-
na saqme. Aararasgan SeiZina qoneba. Cven qarTve-
lebs gvaCvena magaliTi imisa, Tu ris SemZlebe-
lia calke kaci, Tu imxnevebs da gairjeba da nelia yvelasi, visac ki kacobisTvis guli erCis
ar SeuSindeba garemoebas. mis mier ganvlili, (...) aleqsandre roinaSvilma, Tavisi uCinari sax-
RvawliT daqnili gza, mTeli skolaa da mwvrT- eli da gvari, Rirssaxsenebli gaxada Tavis qvey-
anaSi”- ase gamoexmaura ilia WavWavaZe, pirveli
qarTveli fotografis gardacvalebas.
aleqsandre roinaSvilis gardacvalebis
Semdeg, misi qoneba misive anderZis mixedviT,
wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebel sazogadoebas ga-
daeca.Mmaleve, misi fotosalonic daixura da
fotoebisa da negativebis umetesoba gaiyida,
eqsponatebi ki sxvadasxva muzeums gadaeca.
ronaSvilis fotonamuSevrebis udidesi nawi-
li, cnobilma fotografma, dimitri ermakovma
SeiZina da isini sakuTar koleqcias miuer-
Ta. Tanac ise, rom fotoebidan aleqsandre
roinaSvilიs xelmowerebi gaqra. amitomac, bev-
ri foto, romelic sinamdvileSi roinaSvilis
gadaRebulia, wlebis ganmavlobaSi ermakovis
Semoqmedebad miiCneoda da qarTveli foto-
grafic, mis CrdilSi moeqca.
roinaSvilis namuSevrebis kvlav qarTveli
erisTvis dabruneba, eqvTime TayaiSvilis Taos-
nobiT moxerxda. Mman SeiZina ermakovis foto-
grafiuli memkvidreoba, roinaSvilis nega-
tivebis CaTvliT da mogvianebiT is istoriis
muzeums gadasca.
miuxedavad im didi dafasebisa da pativisa,
rac aleqsandre roinaSvils qarTveli xalxis-
gan sicocxleSive ergo, momavali TaobebisTvis
misi saxeli CrdilSi moeqca. albaT, amitomac
uwodebda mas ilia WavWavaZe “uCinar kacs”. sam-
wuxaroa, rom misi gardacvalebidan as welze
meti gavida da is dRemde “uCinar kacad” rCeba.
38
 fo tof
fot of oku si

pirveli fotosaxelosnoebi
da saintereso istoriebi...

Sorena laSxia
yvelaferi imiT daiwyo, rom mecxre klaseli aleqsandre
saxlidan ZmasTan erTad gaiqca da moxetiale cirks Seekedla.
mogvianebiT, am patara biWunam 1870 wels TbilisSi pirveli
sayovelTaod xelmisawvdomi fotosaxelosno gaxsna.
es cnobili fotografis, lebic lamazad acocxleben diT, magram esec aranakleb
aleqsandre mixailovis isto- rusTavelis scenebs. saintereso istoriaa.. olden-
riaa. swored am atelies ukavSird- bergi germaniis erT-erTi miwis
mogvianebiT mixailovi eba ziCis ilustraciebis Seqn- zernakaus princi iyo. saqarT-
quTaisSi gadadis, aq man gaicno ma. mixailovis da kaCuaSvilis veloSi mas afxazeTsa da ga-
da Seuyvarda nino CiraZe, ro- atelieSi idgmeboda cocxa- graSi hqonda miwebi. agrafina
melic colad SeirTo. meuRlem li scenebi vefxistyaosnidan, jafariZe swored vefxistyaos-
Seayvara qarTuli musika, samza- romelSic quTaisis warCinebu- nis scenebis dadgmisas gaicno,

reulo da sabolood gadaaw- li sazogadoeba monawileobda. rodesac nestan-darejans gana-

yvetina saqarTveloSi darCena.
mixailovma quTaisSi, Tbili-
sis quCaze gaxsna fotoatelie
aseve cnobil qarTvel foto-
grafTan melqon kaCuaSvilTan
erTad.
es erT-erTi Cveulebrivi fo-
toatelie iqneboda rom ara
mixai ziCi, romelic saqarTve-
los 1881 wels estumra.
albaT yvelas eqneba nanaxi
vefxistyaosnis foto ilustra-
ciebi ziCis SesrulebiT, rom-
ziCic am scenebis fotoebs iy-
enebda Tavisi naxatebis Sesas-
ruleblad. samwuxarod, sadaa
dRes es fotoebi ucnobia.
am atelieSi moixibla ger-
maneli princi oldenbergi
agrafina jafariZis mSveniere-
biT. albaT cotam Tu icis rom
am ilustraciebisTvis nestan-
darejans agrafina jafariZe ga-
nasaxierebda.
fotografiiT daviwyeT da
siyvarulis istoriamde mive-
saxierebda. tarielisamebr prin-
cic “dabnda”. marTalia, guli
sinamdvileSi ar wasvlia, magram
agrafinas mSvenierebiT aSkarad
Zalian moixibla, ise Zalian,
rom Tavad dadians coli mo-
staca. agrafina jafariZe Tava-
di dadianis meuRle iyo. princi
masac Seuyvarda, meuRle miato-
va da oldenbergTan erTad
TbilisSi gadmovida sacxovreb-
lad...
39

miwis siRrmeSi
nazi jalaRania
Tmogvi.… gviani Semodgoma.… miwis qveS damaluli kidev erTi istoria...
varZiidan 7 km daSorebuli sofeli Tmogvi mdinare mtkvris marcxena
napirze mdebareobs. is Sua saukuneebis mniSvnelovani Zeglia.
gaTxrebs am teritoriaze iv. ja-
vaxiSvilis sax. Tbilisis saxelm-
wifo universitetis arqeologiuri
eqspediciis xelmZRvaneli, profe-
sori vaxtang liCeli awarmoebs.
rogorc batoni vaxtang liCeli
ambobs, aq Catarda sarestavracio
samuSaoebi. mTavari koncentracia
gakeTda cixis mopirdapire mxares,
uSualod soflis aRmosavleTiT
mdebare teritoriaze, romelsac
berTayanis qvabuls uwodeben. “es
aris uaRresad saintereso adgili,
radgan aq erT patara monakveTze
Tavmoyrilia sxvadasxva saxis aseu-
lobiT arqeologiuri Zegli. iseTi
STabeWdileba rCeba, TiTqos xuTi
aTasi wlis win yvelaferi gaqvavda
da darCa ise, rogorc maSin iyo.”
Tmogvis teritoriaze SeuiaraRe-
beli TvaliTac advili SesamCnevia
samarxebi, romelebic zogan didi
qvayrilebis saxiTaa warmodgenili,
zogan ki, ufro mcire. aqvea ramden-
ime namosaxlaric. yorRanebi da na-
mosaxlari agebulia cik-
lopuri wyobiT. rac imas
niSnavs, rom samarxebis
konstruqciis da Seno-
bebis asagebad gamoyene-
bulia didi monoliTebi
da eseni erTmaneTTan da-
kavSirebulia xsnaris ga-
reSe.
Tmogvis teritori-
aze Tavmoyrilia ram-
denime saukunis isto-
riuli Zeglebi. eqspedi-
ciis mizani ki, swored
am TariRebis gansazRvra
gaxldaT. batoni vaxtan-
gis ganmartebiT, arsebuli
samarxebi Zv. welTaRricx-
vis IV aTaswleulis mi-
wuruls unda miekuTvne-
bodes..
eqspedicia ramdenime damoukideb-
el razmad muSaobda. erTi jgufi,
romelsac guram grigolia xelmZ-
Rvanelobda, Tmogvidan moSorebiT
mdebare sofel oTaSi mSeneblobis
dros dangreul samarxs ikvlevda.
eqspediciis mizani am yorRanis ga-
darCena gaxldaT. samarxSi 72 micva-
40
a Rm oC e
enna
lebuli aRmoaCines.
axla mimdinareobs anTropolo-
giuri kvleva am masalis, ConCxebis.
dgindeba, Tu ra iyo maTi gardacva-
lebis mizezebi. im droisTvis, anu
Z.w.-is XVI s. micvalebulTa erTad
dakrZalva misaRebi iyo. awyurSi
gaTxrilia am periodis ramdenime
samarxi, sadac analogiurad 62 an
ufro meti gardacvlili aRmoCnda.
akldama daaxloebiT erTi sau-
kunis manZilze funqcionirebda da
Sesabamisad, iq bevri adamiani ikrZa-
leboda. savaraudoa, rom gardacv-
lilebi erTi ojaxis, sagvareulos
warmomadgenlebi unda yofiliyvnen
an sxva raime saxis kavSiri unda
hqonodaT erTmaneTTan. “samwuxarod,
amis zustad dadgena saqarTveloSi
jerjerobiT SeuZlebelia, radgan
ar keTdeba “deenemis analizi”, ami-
tom es varaudi varaudadve rCeba”-
aRniSnavs batoni vaxtang liCeli.
gaTxrebis Sedegad, aRmoCnda bev-
ri saintereso nivTi. maT Soris, in-
signia - kverTxis Tavi. rac imaze
migviTiTebs, rom misi mflobeli
Tanamdebobis piri an mniSvnelovani
figura gaxldaT.
samarxSi uxvadaa keramika, ro-
melic akldamebSi, rogorc wesi,
dauzianeblad aris SemorCenili.
arqeologTa yuradReba erT-erTma
formam miiqcia. rogorc batoni
liCeli aRniSnavs: “es gaxlavT kan-
tarsiseburi WurWeli anu oryura
WurWeli, romelic Z.w-is XVII s.
Cndeba da ori saukune arsebobs.”
mniSvnelovania, rom swored am
dros egeosur samyaroSi anu kon-
tinentur saberZneTSic gvxvdeba
aseTive saxis keramika.
am nivTis arseboba orive
teritoriaze sinqronu-
lad emTxveva erTmaneTs.
imis dadastureba, rom es
uSualo kontaqtis gamo
xdeba, rTulia da dam-
atebiT gamokvlevebsa da
sabuTebs iTxovs. ucn-
auri damTxveva ki sax-
ezea. keramikasTan erTad
aRmoCenilia oqros mZivis
fragmenti, didi raodeno-
biT brinjaos sakinZi, sama-
jurebi da beWdebi.
rac Seexeba meore
razms, is berTayanis qv-
abulSi muSaobda. es raz-
mi or qvejgufad iyo day-
ofili. maT sami yorRanis
gaTxra daiwyes. sakmad
didi moculobis gamo yorRanebis
gamokvlevis damTavreba ver moxerx-
da da muSaoba zafxulSi gagrZel-
deba.
erTi samarxis gaTxra TiTqmis
dasrulebulia. es aris ciklopuri
wesiT amoyvanili darbazi, romlis
centrSic dasvenebuli iyo micvale-

buli. am darbazs Sesasvle-
li e.w. tronusi aqvs. samarxi
Zvel xanaSive gauZarcvavT
da keramikis ramdenime frag-
mentiRa SemorCa. “samwux-
arod, samarxebis gaqurdvis
faqtebi xSiria, miTumetes
iseTi yorRanebisa, romelic
martivadaa nagebi da ad-
vilad SeuZlia qurds masSi
SeRweva” _ aRniSnavs batoni
liCeli.
meore yorRanis SemTxveva-
Si jgufs gaumarTla. ro-
gorc Cans, Tavis droze yor-
Rani kargad ar auSenebiaT
da maleve Camoingra. es ki
aCens imeds, rom samarxi ar
gauqurdavT da mTavari aR-
moCena jer kidev win, miwis
qveS imaleba.
aRsaniSnavia, rom yvela
eqspediciaSi, romelsac ba-
toni vaxtang liCeli xelmZ-
Rvanelobs, studentebi
monawileoben. ZiriTad sa-
muSaoebs isini asruleben.
swored, maT Caatares arqe-
ologiuri gaTxrebi sofel
igoeTTan, sadac 265 samarxi
rekordul droSi, or TveSi
gaTxares. iq aRmoCnda oqros,
vercxlisa da brinjaos dis-
koebi. yvela maTgani, rogorc
Cans, damagrebuli hqondaT
mkerdis areSi. es diskoebi
Tavisi mxatvruli SinaarsiT
Zalian axlosaa aqameniduri
iranis xelovnebasTan, magram
sxva mniSvneloba aqvs so-
cialuri TvalsazrisiT. isi-
ni aSkarad mianiSneben, rom
am diskoebis mflobelebis
xarisxis mixedviT ganirCeo-
da maTi Tanamdebobrivi md-
gomareoba. visac diskosTan
erTad sakuTari cxenic hyav-
da Catanebuli samarxSi, mis
siZliereze da simdidreze
miuTiTebda. rogorc aR-
moCnda, Zvelad cxenebic Ta-
vianT patronebTan erTad
asrulebdnen sicocxles.
a Rm oC e
enna
zogjer ki, aseT beds cole-
bic iziarebdnen.
“Cven gvaqvs sakamod farTo
saerTaSoriso urTierTobebi
da kontraqtebi sxvadaxva
qveynis universitetebTan” _
aRniSnavs batoni vaxtangi. am
kavSirebis mizani, gaTxrebSi
studentTa uSualo CarTvaa.
axla igegmeba Sveduri pro-
eqtis ganxorcieleba, ro-
melic moicavs samtrediis
teritorias. iq, savaraudod,
bagrat meoTxem vikingebi Ca-
moasaxla li parit baRvaSis
dasamarcxeblad. studentebi
mTlianad gaivlian im mar-
Suts, romelic vikingebma
gaiares sasireTis brZol-
amde. isini fexiT unda Camov-
idnen sofel baSidan kaspis
raionSi da yvela kvadrat-
uli metri Seamowmon. am pro-
eqtze muSaoba ukve dawyebu-
lia da mTlianad studente-
biTaa dakompleqtebuli.
universitetSi samomav-
lod calke muzeumisa da
gamofenis gakeTeba igegmeba,
sadac studentTa mier mop-
ovebul nivTebs gamofenen.
damTvalereblebs saSualeba
eqnebaT ixilon sxvadasxva
arqeologiuri monapovari.
muzeumis gakeTeba pirvel
korpusSi igegmeba. moawyoben
specialur sacavebsac, sadac
Seinaxaven im arqeologiur
Zeglebs, romelebic gamof-
enaze ver moxvdeba.
kacunebi rusTavelis
prospeqtidan
elene maxarobliSvili
rusTavelis prospeqtze patara qandakebebs yovel-
dRiurad uamravi damTvalierebeli hyavs. aseTi sul
50 namuSevaria.Ozogs moswons isini, zogs – ara.
zogi suraTs iRebs da zogic, proeqtis gagrZelebas
iTxovs. am ,,arCveulebrivi gamofenis” avtoris Ses-
axeb ki, cotam Tu icis.
levan bujiaSvili TviTnaswavli moqandakea. is
TbilisSi ganxorcielebuli ramdenime proeqtis av-
toria. gamofenebi hqonda did britaneTSi, espaneTSi,
litvasa da sxva qveynebSi. Zerwva oTxi-xuTi wlis
asakSi iswavla. rogorc TviTon ambobs, megobrebTan
erTad fexburTis TamaSs, saxlSi plasteliniT Zer-
wva erCia. mis namuSevrebs yovelTvis amCnevdnen da
afasebdnen. man sasaxleSi mxolod ori weli iara.
Semdeg daiwyo areuloba, samoqalaqo omi. rodesac
saqme profesiis arCevaze midga, isev qandakebaze
daiwyo fiqri. ,,im periodSi politeqnikur univer-
sitetSi ramdenime fakulteti iyo. magaliTad, arq-
iteqturis, sadac Zerwvis xelobas aswavlidnen. mec
arqiteqturaze davrCi. Tumca, profesiiT arasodes
mimuSavia.“
17-18 wlis, ukve sxvadasxva masalaze muSaobda.
xSirad gadioda bunebaSi, aragvze, sadac xis naWrebs,
mdinaridan gamoriyul fesvebs, Zvlebs agrovebda da
masalebisagan moculobiT kompoziciebs qmnida.
am namuSevrebiT Camoyalibda misi xelwera. wvr-
ili figurebi, ZafiviT Txeli formebi, mgrZnobiare
da natifi. Aase grovdeboda namuSevrebi, romlebic
usaxsrobis gamo, mnaxvelamde ver midioda. pirve-
li qandakeba, romelic TbilisSi daidga, ,,magdanas
lurja iyo” Jangiani rkinebiT patara maketi gaakeTa,
romelic avtorma gamgeobas SesTavaza. ,,rusTavelze
yovel SenobasTan saventilacio xvreli iyo amoW-
rili, romelic gamzirs auSnovebda. am Wrilebze
patar-patara qandakebebis mo-
Tavseba gadavwyviteT, rac am
sistemas moxerxebulad Se-
niRbavda da mnaxvelsac asia-
movnebda. maSinve gavakeTe qa-
ndakebebis nimuSebi, romelic
yvelas moewona.”
patara personaJebi jer
brinjaoSi Camoasxa, Semdeg
daaZvela. figurebi Zalian mar-
tivi unda yofiliyo da amas-
Tan, iseTic, rom gamvlelebs
kidurebi ver waecalaT. isini
mis megobrebs hgavs. ,,vano” zis
mTvrali da CaZinebuli - Cemi
megobari, romlis saxelic am
figuras davarqvi, swored ase-
Tia: boTlze mZime jer araferi
auwevia. ,,miSa,” Cemi megobari,
Zalian artistulia da gitaraze ukravs. amitom
arlekinos forma movarge. roca ,,avtoportretze”
vmuSaobdi, Zalian gaRizianebuli viyavi. amitomac
gamovida igi uxelo, daRonebuli, sasowarkveTili
adamiani.”
Tavs bednier adamianad Tvlis, radgan sayvarel
saqmes akeTebs.. yoveli namuSevrisTvis did energias
gascems. ar esmis im adamianebis, vinc sasmeliTa da
narkotikebiT qmnian xelovnebas. erT-erTi bolo
namuSevari, ,,sicocxlis xe,” saomari moqmedebebis
Semdeg gorSi daidga. sayvareli namuSevrebia: “hit-
leri”, “sanCo pansa” da “gogona”, romelsac Tavis
Seyvarebuls uwodebs.
41
 a rti
rt i

Zvir-fasi
qeTevan gersamia

zogs pikaso mowons, zogs- van gogi, zogsac polokis ucnauri xatvis
stili. Tumca, arian adamianebi, romlebic saerTodac ar kamaToben am
Temaze. ubralod da daunaneblad ixdian milionebs da yvelaze Zvir-fasi
suraTebis aTeulsac qmnian.

`#5 1948~
yvelaze ZviradRirebuli naxatebis siaSi
pirveli jeqson polokis ferweruli tiloa:
`#5 1948~. es naxati 140 milion dolarad SeiZina
sotbis auqcionze meqsikelma finansistma dev-
id martinesma.
`#5 1948~ Sesrulebulia boWkovan dafaze
(8X4) zeTiT. didi raodenobiT dasxmuli yvi-
Teli da yavisferi saRebavi, Citis budis ms-
gavs gamosaxulebas qmnis.
jeqson poloki abstraqtuli eqspresioniz-
mis warmomadgeneli iyo da swored ase, ab-
straqtulad da originaluri stiliT xatavda
yvela naxats. iatakze dafenil tilos fun-
jebis, Semdeg, joxebisa da Spricebis meSveobiT
saRebavs asxamda. naxats ki majiT, xeliTa da
mTeli sxeuliT asrulebda. amboben, misi xat-
vis stili indielma qviSis mxatvrebma ganapi-
robeso. `SexedeT pasiurad da ecadeT, miiRoT
rasac naxati gTavazobT da nu moiyvanT subi-
eqtis Temas, an winaswar Casaxul ideas imaze,
Tu ras unda eZebdeT masSi,~ - werda mxatvari.
ai, axsna imisa, Tu ratom ewodeba yvelaze Zvi-
radRirebul tilos `#5 1948~ da ratom ar
hqvia mis arc erT naxats saxeli.

`qali III~
ase hqvia uiliam kuningis tilos, romelic
yvelaze ZviradRirebul naxatebs Soris meore
adgilzea. studiis mflobelis, devid gefenisgan, SeiZina
kuningi polokis msgavsad, abstraqtuli 137 milion dolarad. es erTaderTia kuningis
eqspresionizmis warmomadgenelia. `qali III~ namuSevrebs Soris, romelic kerZo koleqciaSi
erT-erTia avtoris eqvsseriani qalTa nax- moxvda.
atebidan. mxatvris yvela qals didi mkerdi,
gamokveTili Rimili da TiTebi, farTo, TiTqos `adela blox baueri I”
carieli Tvalebi aqvs. naxati stiven kounma `Cven aRmovCndiT saWiro dros saWiro adgi-
holivudSi yvelasTvis cnobili xmis Camweri
42
 a rti
rt i

las~ - ambobs gustav klimtis naxatis, `adela `biWi CibuxiT~

blox baueri I-is” mflobeli ronald laud- ase ewodeba pablo
pikasos yvelaze
ZviradRirebul
namuSevars, ro-
melic man YTavis
`vardisfer epo-
qaSi~ Seqmna.
am periodis na-
muSevrebi ZiriTa-
dad muzeumeb-
Sia Tavmoyrili
da gasayidad ar
gamoaqvT. `biWi
CibuxiT~ ki 2004
wels sotbis auqcionze 104 milion dolarad
gaiyida. aravin icis, vinaa patara biWi, romelic
pikasom tiloze aRbeWda. amboben, rom is mxat-
vris studiaSi moxalised dadioda da pozi-
orobda. imasac ambobdnen, rom mxatvars masTan
Sexeba ar hqonda da saerTod ar icnobda. aseve,
dazustebiT veravin ambobs, Tu ratom daadga
pikasom biWs Tavze yvavilebis gvirgvini. amas
ufro qalis da mamakacis kontrastad miiC-
neven. yuradRebas amaxvileben Cibuxiani biWis
uCveulod did fexebsa da fonze.

`dora maaris portreti katiT~

rigiT mexuTe yvelaze ZviradRirebul ti-
eri, romelmac klimtis namuSevari 2005 wels loebs Soris, isev pablo pikasos naxatia -
135 milion dolarad SeiZina kerZo koleqci- `dora maaris portreti katiT.~ es naxatic
isTvis. sotbis auqcionze 2006 wels 95 216 000 milion
am portrets `oqros adelas~ da `avstriel dolarad gaiyida.
mona-lizasac~ ki uwodeben. gustav klimti sami dora pikasos erT-erTi siyvaruli da muza
weli xatavda `adela blox baueri I-s~, ro- iyo. masTan erTad garkveuli periodi cxov-
melic Sesrulebulia tiloze vercxliTa da robda kidec da mxatvris samocdaTxuTmet-
oqroTi. suraTze Cans, gulmodgine muSaoba da wlian karieraSi didi rolic Seasrula. dora
ornamentuloba. oqrosferi, romelic klimtis maaris portretSi aqcenti gadatanilia masiur
naxatebSi gvxvdeba, uCveulo da ucxoa. misT- xis skamze, romelzec qali zis sevdiani da
vis Sorsaa ferweruli tiloebi, sketCebi. mx- cremliani saxiT.
atvris mTavari obieqti qalis sxeulia da mis pikaso mas xSirad gamosaxavda cremle-
namuSevrebSi swored, gulwrfeli erotizmia biT, radgan es iyo periodi, rodesac nacisteb-
xazgasmuli. ma dai pyres safrangeTi da emocias amgvarad
adelis portreti mxatvarma misi meuRlis, gamoxatavda.. sevdis garda am portretSi
ferdinand blox baueris, SekveTiT Seasrula gamorCeulia ferTa silamaze, aqcenti ki ga-
da maTsave ojaxSi inaxeboda 30-ian wlebamde. keTebulia doras formasa da lamaz TiTebze.
adeli iyo erTaderTi qali, romelic klimtma misi qudi simboluri elementia da gvirgvi-
ramdenimejer daxata. adels surda, rom misi nis asociacias iwvevs. mas xSirad adareben
gardacvalebis Semdeg, es portretebi avstriu- warmarT RmerTs, romelic taxtze zis. tilos
li muzeumisTvis gadaecaT. Tumca, qmarma isini mflobelis vinaoba ucnobia.
naTesavebs dautova. nacistebis mosvlis Sem- “adela blox baueris II portreti”
deg, naxatebi CamoerTvaT da 68 weli avstriis gustav klimti adela blox baueris meore
erovnul galereas amSvenebda. portretma kidev erTxel moaxvedra yvelaze
1998 wels, rvawliani davis Semdeg, bauerebis ZviradRirebuli naxatebis aTeulSi. es por-
naTesavi mara altmani xuTi portretis mflo- treti 1912 welsaa Sesrulebuli. `adela blox
beli gaxda. is nel-nela yidis adelas su- baueri I~-is msgavsad, misi meore portretic
raTebs saqvelmoqmedo fondis Seqmnis mizniT. gasayidad mara altmanma gamoitana. saauq-
43
 a rti
rt i
ciono saxlma “kristim” is 87 900 000 milion
dolarad gayida. `bali mulen de la galeto~
pier ogiust renuas es namuSevari, 78 000 000
`eqimi gaSes portreti~ milion dolarad gaiyida 2002 wels, sotbis
man Tavisi sicocxlis manZilze mxolod auqcionze. misi
da mxolod erTi naxatis gayidva moaxerxa mflobeli bru-
da isic Zmam, Teom SeiZina. amis miuxedavad, mx- neis sulTania. es
atvrobisTvis Tavi arasodes daunebebia. Tu suraTi ukanaskne-
sicocxleSi misi mxatvrobis aravis jeroda, lad metropolit-
sikvdilis Semdeg, erT-erT yvelaze reitingu- enis muzeumSi 1937
li siaSi moxvda. wels gamoifina.
`eqimi gaSes portreti~ 82500 000 milion suraTma mxatvars
dolarad gaiyida da es yvelaze ZviradRire- aRiareba moutana.
buli naxatia van gogis naxatebs Soris. eqimi mulen de la ga-
pol gaSe man gaicno overSi, sadac sicocxlis leti Zveli wisqvili iyo, romelic sacekvao
bolo wlebi gaatara. poli mxatvrebTan me- darbazad gadaakeTes. renua da misi megobrebi
gobrobda da xSirad maTTan erTad dadioda aq balze xSirad dadiodnen da xalxs akvird-
ebodnen, Semdeg ki maT tiloebze xatavdnen.

`yrmaTa amoxocva~
rubensis religiur motivze Seqmnili suraTi
`yrmaTa amoxocva~ mecxre adgilzea ZviradRi-

rebul naxatebs Soris. isic sxva suraTebis

kidec. mxatvarma misi portreti TviTmkvlelo-
bamde 2 kviriT adre daxata.
naxats ucnauri istoria aqvs: 1896 wels es
namuSevari Teo van gogis ojaxidan gaiyida.
1930 wlidan frankfurtis muzeumSi inaxeboda.
1938 wels ki is nacistebma SeiZines da mogvi-
anebiT gayides parizSi, saidanac amerikaSi
moxvda. bolos iaponeli mecenatis xelSi aR-
moCnda, magram 1996 wels mflobeli gardaicva-
la da naxatic gauCinarda.
amboben, rom mas suraTi saflavSi Caatanes,
radgan ojaxs sakuTrebis begaris, 24 000 000
dolaris, gadaxda ar undoda. tokios saaqcio
saxlis xelmZRvanelis TqmiT ki, es portreti
amerikaSi gaiyida. mflobelis vinaoba ki uc-
nobia.
44
msgavsad sotbis auqcionze 2002 wels gaiyida
76 700 000 milion dolarad. tilo Seqmnilia
1609-1611 wlebSi. XVIII saukunidan ki inaxeboda
lixtenSteinis samefo ojaxis koleqciaSi. XX
saukunis dasawyisSi naxati anonimurma pirma
SeiZina. sotbis auqcionze ki misi mflobeli
kenet tompsoni gaxda.
`TeTri centri~
kidev erTi abstraqtuli naxati, romelic
aTeuls asrulebs uiliam rotkos `TeTri cen-
tria~. es tilo 1950 wels daasrula mxatvar-
ma. namuSevari 2007 wlis sotbis auqcionze
devid rokfelerma kataris sulTans da mis
meuRles mijyida 72 840 000 milion dolarad.
man rekordi daamyara, rogorc omis Semdgom
gayidulma yvelaze ZviradRirebulma naxatma.
 l it a rti

yvelaze warmatebuli
musikaluri
Semsruleblebi
nino gogliCiZe

musikaluri albomebisa da “singlebis” gayidvebis maCvenebliT mTeli

msoflios masStabiT 5 Semsrulebeli liderobs. maTi albomebis gayidvebis
maCvenebelma xuTas milions gadaaWarba.

es Semsruleblebi gaxlavT: The Beatles, III. elvis presli _ aRiarebulia amerikis

bing krosbi, elvis presli, frenk sinatra saukeTeso momRerlad da rokenrolis mefed.
da maikl jeqsoni. gayidvebis maCveneblebis presli msoflios yvela drois yvelaze sau-
mixedviT, momdevno 5 adgili daikaves im musi- keTeso momRerlebs Soris mesame adgilzea.
kalurma Semsruleblebma, romelTa albome-
bis gayidvebis raodenobac 200-dan 500 mi-
lionamde meryeobs: AC/DC, A. R. Rahman, ABBA,
ala pugaCova da selin dioni.

I. The Beatles _ msoflio musikis istoriaSi

yvela drois
yvelaze war-
matebul musi-
kalur jgufad
iTvleba. maTi
gavlena pop
kulturaze
dResac igrZ-
noba. 1970 wels
jgufi daiSa-
la. wevrebma:
pol makartnim,
jon lenonma,
ringo starma
da jorj hari-
sonma solo ka-
riera gaagrZe-
les. Emy-s informaciiT, jgufs miliardze
meti diski aqvs gayiduli.

II. bing krosbim _ pirvelma miiRo gremis

jildo. krosbi miiCneva yvelaze popularul
Semsruleblad msoflio musikis istoriaSi.
moRvaweobis periodSi (1926-1977 wlebSi) fa-
qtobrivad, konkurentgareSe liderobda ra-
dios reitingebSi, firfitebis gayidvebsa da
kinogaqiravebaSi.
IV. frenk sinatra _ cnobilia, rogorc misi
udidebulesoba xma. msoflio musikis isto-
riaSi Sesulia, rogorc XX saukunis erT-
erTi yvelaze gavleniani musikosi. simRere-
45
 l it a rti
bi misi SesrulebiT svingisa da msoflio da Deep Purple-Tan erT-
saestrado mu- ad miCneulia hard-ro-
sikis klasika- kisa da hevi-metalis
daa qceuli da fuZemdeblad. jgufma
miCneulia ja- msoflios masStabiT
zuri maneriT 200 milionze meti al-
saestrado Ses- bomi gayida. rok tele-
rulebis sauke- viziis VH1 mier Sedge-
Teso nimuSad. nil hard rokis Sems-
frenk sinatram rulebel 100 sauke-
musikalur sa- Teso jgufs Soris
myaroSi or- meoTxe adgilzea.
mocdaaTi wlis
moRvaweobis VII. A.R. Rahman _ indoeli kinokompozitori,
periodSi 100-ze meti diski gamouSva, romle- momRerali da musikaluri prodiuseria. misi
bic dResac popularulia. yvelaze cnobili kompoziciaa musika kino-
filmisTvis „milioneri gareubnidan“. rahman-
V. maikl jeqsoni _ Jurnal Rolling Stone- ma am musikisTvis oqros globusi da ameri-
is mier Sedgenil yvela drois saukeTeso kis kinoakademiis umaRlesi jildo, oskari
25 musikalur SemsrulebelTa siaSi mexuTe miiRo.
adgilis mflobelia. miCneulia yvelaze po-
pularul pop momRerlad da popis mefed- VIII. ABBA _ popularobis zenitSi, zustad
aa aRiarebuli. Sesrulebis originalurma aTi wlis manZilze (1972–1982) iyo. jgufs
stilma da cekvam is ormoci wlis manZilze rva studiuri
albomi aqvs
gamoSvebuli.
msoflios mas-
StabiT maTi
350 milionze
meti albomia
gayiduli. al-
bomi The visi-
tors (1981) aris
msoflioSi
pirveli komerciuli audio diski. ABBA-s
simRerebze popularuli miuziklic Seiqmna,
saxelwodebiT „Mamma Mia“.

IX. ala pugaCova _ gamoSvebuli aqvs 60-ze

meti musikaluri albomi da monawileobda
25-ze met filmSi. miRebuli aqvs ara erTi
musikaluri da saxelmwifo jildo.

msoflio pop musikis centralur figurad X. selin dioni _ msofliom igi 1988 wels
aqcia. man orjer moi pova ufleba, emRera ro- evroviziis kon-
kenrolis didebis darbazSi. mas aTi studi- kursze gamar-
uri albomi aqvs gamoSvebuli. jvebis Semdeg
2009 wlis 7 ivliss, gardacvalbis Semdeg, gaicno. miRebuli
misi albomebi 2009 wlis yvelaze gayidva- aqvs gremisa da
di musikaluri albomebis siaSi pirvel ad- oskaris jildo
gilzea. elvis preslis Semdeg, jeqsoni meo- filmebis saund-
re momReralia, romlis qonebac gardacva- trekebis Sesru-
lebis Semdeg, aseulobiT milioni dolariT lebisaTvis (ti-
gaizarda. taniki, juno da
a. S).
VI. AC/DC _ Led Zeppelin-Tan, Black Sabbath-sa
46
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