Density of a Fluid - Changing Pressure and Temperature

Calculate the density of a fluid when changing pressure and temperature

The density of a fluid changes when temperature or pressure on the fluid are changed. The density of
water versus temperature and pressure are visualized in the diagram below.

Density and change in Temperature

The density of a fluid when the temperature is changed can be expressed as

ρ1 = ρ0 / (1 + β (t1 - t0)) (1)

where

ρ1 = final density (kg/m3)

ρ0 = initial density (kg/m3)

β = volumetric temperature expansion coefficient (m3/m3 oC)

t1 = final temperature (oC)

t0 = initial temperature (oC)

Volumetric Temperature Coefficients - β

• water : 0.88 10-4 (m3/m3 oC)

• ethyl alcohol : 110 10-5 (m3/m3 oC)
• oil : 63.3 10-5 (m3/m3 oC)

Density and change in Pressure

The density of a fluid when the pressure is changed can be expressed as

ρ1 = ρ0 / (1 - (p1 - p0) / E) (2)

where

E = bulk modulus fluid elasticity (N/m2)

p1 = final pressure (N/m2)

p0 = initial pressure (N/m2)

Bulk Modulus Fluid Elasticity some common Fluids - E

• water : 2.15 109 (N/m2)

• ethyl alcohol : 1.06 109 (N/m2)
• oil : 1.5 109 (N/m2)

Density of a fluid changing both Temperature and Pressure

The density of a fluid when changing both temperature and pressure can be expressed by combining
(1) and (2)

ρ1 = [ ρ0 / (1 + β (t1 - t0)) ] / [1 - (p1 - p0) / E] (3)