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Study Materials for 1st Year B.

Tech Students
Paper Name: Mathematics
Paper Code : M101
Teacher Name: Amalendu Singha Mahapatra
Chapter – 2
Successive Differentiation

Lecture 3:

Objective:

In this section you will learn the following

Definition of successive derivatives.


The notion of successive differentiation.
The Leibniz’s formula.
The related problems.

Definition of successive derivatives

We have seen that the derivative of a function of is in general also a function of .


This new function may also be differentiable, in which case the derivative of the first
derivative is called the second derivative of the original function. Similarly, the derivative
of the second derivative is called the third derivative; and so on to the -th derivative.
Thus, if

and so on.

Notation

The symbols for the successive derivatives are usually abbreviated as follows:

If y = f(x), the successive derivatives are also denoted by


or

or,

The -th derivative

For certain functions a general expression involving may be found for the -th
derivative. The usual plan is to find a number of the first successive derivatives, as many
as may be necessary to discover their law of formation, and then by induction write down
the -th derivative.

dn y
Example 1. Given y = e ax , find .
dx n

, , ..., .

dny
Example 2. Given y = log x , find .
dx n

, , , , ... .

dny
Example 3. Given y = sinx, find .
dx n

,
Assignment:

{
(1) If u = sinax + cosax , then show that vn = a n 1 + ( −1) n sin 2ax } 2 . WBUT 03

(2) If u = x 2n show that un = 2 { 1.3.5......... ( 2n − 1) } x , n being a positive integer.


n n

(3) If y = 2 cosx(sinx - cosx) then show that


 n
+1 
 ( − 1) 2
2n ifniseven 
( yn ) 0 =  n −1 
(−1) 2 2n ifnisodd 
 

Objective type questions:

(1) The nth derivative of (ax + b)10 when n >0 is


(a) a10 (b) 10! a10 (c) 0 (d) 10! WBUT 07
(2) If y = e − x , then yn is
(a) e − x (b) (−1) n (c) (−1) n e − x (d) none.
(3) If y = xsinx , then yn =
π
(a) x sin(n + x )
2
π π
(b) sin( x + x) + n sin((n − 1) + x)
2 2
π π
(c) x sin(n + x) + sin((n − 1) + x)
2 2
(d) none.

Lecture 4:
Objective:
Leibnitz's Formula for the -th derivative of a product :

This formula expresses the -th derivative of the product of two variables in terms of the
variables themselves and their successive derivatives.

If u and v are functions of , each possessing derivatives upto nth order, then the nth
derivative of their product is given by

(uv) n = un v + n c1un −1v1 + n c2 un −2 v2 + ...... + n cr un −r vr + .... + uvn ,


Where the suffixes of u and v denote the order of differentiations of u and v with respect
to x.

d3y
Example 1. Given y = e x log x , find by Leibnitz's Formula.
dx 3

v = log x
Solution. Let , and ; then , , , ,

, .

Substituting in the above theorem we get

dny
Example 2. Given y = x 2 e ax , find by Leibnitz's Formula.
dx n

Solution. Let , and ; then , , ,

, , , ..., , . Substituting in the


theorem we get

Assignment:
1. If y = ( x 2 − 1) n , then show that
( x 2 − 1) yn + 2 + 2 xyn +1 − n(n + 1) yn = 0
Hence deduce that
d  2 dpn 
(1 − x )  + n(n + 1) pn = 0
dx  dx 
WBUT2006
dn 2
wherepn = n ( x − 1) n
dx

2.If y = tan −1 x then show that


(1 + x 2 ) yn +1 + 2nxyn + n(n − 1) yn −1 = 0 .Hence find ( yn )o WBUT03,05
m sin −1 x
3. If y = e show that
(1 − x 2 ) yn + 2 − (2n + 1) xyn+1 − (n2 + m2 ) yn = 0 .
Also find ( yn )o .

Objective type questions:

1. If y = sin 2x + cos 2x , then ( yn )o is equal to


π π
(a) (−1) n 2n (b) 2n (c) sin n + cos n (d) none
2 2

2. If y = 5.x + 3, theny100 =
100

(a) 100! (b) 5×100! (c) 0 (d) none.

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