jslum.
com | Medicine
Pituitary Dysfunction
Anatomy
Weight – 0.5 g
Lies in Sella Turcica (Sphenoid bone)
Adenohypophysis (Anterior)
Develops from evagination of
Oral Ectoderm (Rathke’s pouch )
(lines primitive oral cavity)
Primarily Glandular Tissue
Synthesizes Hormones
Superiorly Inferiorly Laterally
Diaphragma Body of Cavernous
Sellae Sphenoid Sinus
Sphenoid air
sinuses
Blood Supply of Pituitary Gland
Superior Hypophyseal Artery
(Right, Left)
Median Eminence, Infun dibulum
Form 1° Capillary Plexus
Rejoin to form Portal Vein
Portal Vein form 2° Capillary Plexus
Hypophyseal Portal System
Carry Hypothalamic hormones from
Median Eminence → Adenohypophysis
Physiology
Adenohypophysis Neurohypophysis
Parvicellular Neurosecretory Cells Magnocellular Neurose cretory cells
Secrete Releasing Factors into Paraventricular, Supraoptic Nuclei
capillaries at Median Eminence Secrete Oxytocin, Vasopressin directly
Transported to Anterior Pituitary into capillaries in posterior lobe
Neurohypophysis (Posterior)
Develops from
Neural Ectoderm
(down growth of diencephalon )
Contain Neural Tissue
(Axons, Glial-like Cells)
Store, Release Hypothalamic
hormones (their cell bodies in
hypothalamus)
Anteriorly Posteriorly
Tuberculum Dorsum Sellae
Sellae
Hormones, Actions
Inferior Hypophyseal Artery
(Right, Left)
Pars Nervosa
 jslum.com | Medicine

Regulation of Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Target Gland Axis (Negative Feedback) Prolactin

Preparing Female Breast for Lactation
Stimulatory Factors Inhibitory Factors
Pregnancy (estrogen) Dopamine
Breast-Feeding Bromocriptine (Dopa mine Agonist)
Sleep Somatostatin
Stress Prolactin (Negative Feedback)
TRH
Dopamine antagonists

Actions, Control of Prolactin

Growth Hormone

ADH
Stimulatory Factors Inhibitory Factors
↑ Serum Osmolarity ↓ Serum Osmolarity
↓ ECF Volume Ethanol
Pain α-Adrenergic agnoists
Nausea Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)
Hypoglycaemia
Nicotine
Opiates
Antineoplastic drugs

Feedback Control of GH Secretion Oxytocin

Stimulatory Factors Inhibitory Factors
Suckling Opioids (end orphins)
Sight, Sound, Smell of Infant
Dilation of Cervix
Orgasm

Factors Influencing GH Secretion