GSM and UMTS RF Colocation

COSITING BETWEEN UMTS AND GSM SYSTEMS
Dr. Hatem MOKHTARI

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................4
1.1. OBJECT .........................................................................................................4
1.2. SCOPE...........................................................................................................4
2. ABBREVIATIONS & DEFINITIONS .........................................................................4
2.1. ABBREVIATIONS...........................................................................................4
2.2. DEFINITIONS.................................................................................................4
4. INTERFERENCE MECHANISMS .................................................................................5
4.1 SYSTEMS AND BRAND TO BE CONSIDERED ................................................5
4.2 TYPES OF INTERFERENCES ...........................................................................5
5. THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS............................................................................6
5.1 HYPOTHESIS FOR CALCULATION ..................................................................6
5.2 CO LOCATION BETWEEN GSM SITES AND UMTS SITES .............................7

5.2.1 WIDEBAND NOISE .................................................................................7
5.2.2 SPURIOUS EMISSIONS .........................................................................7
5.2.3 INTERMODULATIONS............................................................................8
Intermodulations generated by the transmitter .........................................8
Intermodulations generated by the transmitter .........................................8
5.2.4 BLOCKING ..............................................................................................8
5.3 CONCLUSION ....................................................................................................9
6. ANTENNA DECOUPLING POSITIONS......................................................................10
6.1 TESTED ANTENNAS...................................................................................10
6.2 TESTED POSITIONS...................................................................................11

6.2.1 HORIZONTAL SEPARATION..........................................................11
6.2.1.1 Basic horizontal separation ...................................................11
6.2.1.2 Horizontal separation with an azimuth divergence ................12
6.2.2 VERTICAL SEPARATION ...............................................................13
6.2.2.1 Basic vertical separation .......................................................13
6.2.2.2 Vertical separation with different azimuths ............................14
Dr. Hatem MOKHTARI, September 2004 Page 2/25

6.2.3 DOUBLE SEPARATION ..................................................................15
6.2.3.1 Basic horizontal – vertical separation ....................................15
6.2.3.2 Horizontal - vertical separation with different azimuths .........16
7. MEASUREMENT SIGNAL .....................................................................................17
7.1 MEASUREMENT FREQUENCY IN TRANSMISSION BANDWIDTH...........17
7.2 MEASUREMENT FREQUENCY IN RECEPTION BANDWIDTH .................17
8. ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS ..............................................................................18

8.1 COMMENTS....................................................................................18
8.2 HORIZONTAL SEPARATION WITH AZIMUTH DIVERGENCE...................18
8.2.1 COMMENTS....................................................................................18
8.3 BASIC VERTICAL SEPARATION ................................................................19
8.3.1 COMMENTS....................................................................................19
8.4 VERTICAL SEPARATION WITH DIFFERENT AZIMUTHS .........................19
8.4.1 COMMENTS....................................................................................19
8.5 BASIC HORIZONTAL – VERTICAL SEPARATION .....................................20
8.5.2 COMMENTS....................................................................................20
8.6 HORIZONTAL-VERTICAL SEPARATION WITH A DIFFERENCE OF AZIMUTHS
OF 90 DEG...................................................................................................20
8.6.1 COMMENTS....................................................................................20
9 CONCLUSION........................................................................................................22
EXAMPLE ...............................................................................................................25
END OF DOCUMENT ........................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.

1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. OBJECT
Colocation of UMTS sites with existing GSM-900 / GSM-1800 sites requires the
evaluation of potential interference.
In the present document, the following points have been treated:
• First of all, the interference mechanisms due to system GSM/ UMTS
• Then a theorical study considers each of these latter phenomena and gives the
required isolation between GSM / UMTS
In order to evaluate this and deduce the necessary engineering rules, two kinds of
antennas characteristics has been studied:
Out of band radiation
Decoupling between two antennas
In a first step, these two characteristics have been analyzed through measurements,
which was made with the help of a Research Center.
1.2. SCOPE
This document only considers the decoupling between GSM-900/UMTS, GSM-
1800/UMTS and Dual antenna/UMTS antennas in the UMTS band frequency. This
study is done on directive antennas.
2. ABBREVIATIONS & DEFINITIONS
2.1. ABBREVIATIONS
GSM : Global System for Mobile communications
DL : Downlink
UL : Uplink
UMTS : Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
2.2. DEFINITIONS
Antenna decoupling: Signal attenuation between two antennas.

4. INTERFERENCE MECHANISMS
4.1 SYSTEMS AND BRAND TO BE CONSIDERED

Obviously, the more systems coexist in a confine zone, the more risky interference is.
Thanks to recommendations, it is possible to evaluate the potential jamming generated
by one system on another one. In this document, we only consider the following
systems:
• GSM 900, R-GSM and GSM 1800
• UMTS FDD
The evaluation of interference in a system is related to the bands allocated to each

interfering and interfered system.
• The interfered BTS transmitting in in-band and out-band of its transmitting band
(DL)
• The victim BTS receiving in in-band and out-band of its transmitting band.
The following tables gives the transmitting and receiving bands of GSM 900 R-GSM,
GSM 1800 and UMTS
GSM 900 R-GSM GSM 1800 UMTS

Receiving band 890-915 MHz 876-915 MHz 1710-1785 MHz 1920-1980 MHz
Transmitting band 935-960 MHz 921-960 MHz 1805-1880 MHz 2110-2170 MHz
4.2 TYPES OF INTERFERENCES

In the analysis of co-location, different interference mechanisms occur:
• Wideband noise
The wideband noise describes unwanted emissions outside the channel bandwith resulting from
the modulation process and non linearity in the transmitter but excluding the spurious emissions.
So, the jamming transmit part can generate wideband noise in the receive part and can raise the
noise level of this latter. Wideband noise depends on the frequency between the transmit carrier
and the receiving band.
• Spurious emissions
The spurious emissions are emissions, which are caused by unwanted transmitter effects such as
harmonics emissions, parasitic emissions, intermodulation products. So, the spurious emissions
issued from the transmit part can jam the receiver, as parasitic signal.
• Blocking
The receiver can be blocked by the normal transmitted carrier of the transmitter, which simply
means that reception can be disturbed in presence of a strong interfering signal.

• Intermodulation products
Even if intermodulations products are above all spurious emissions, specifications consider this
type of interference in specific paragraph. Indeed:
-The transmitter can generate intermodulation products, which can fall in the receiver
band and cause jamming. However, since the transceiver is complying the recommendations, the
the intermodulation product will have a level below a certain limit: actually the GSM and UMTS
recommendations specify some tests to verify that the transmitter is able to restrict the
generation of interfering signals in its non linear elements.
- High signals, issued from the transmitter, can also induce intermodulation products
inside the receiver RF parts and cause degradation in reception. Maximum level of interfering
signals have been defined in recommendation, guaranteeing the good reception: actually, the
GSM and UMTS recommendations specify some tests to verify that the receiver is able to
receive a wanted signal despite the presence of two interfering signals, which have a specific
frequency relationship to the wanted signal.
These five mechanisms are the only one taken into account in the GSM and UMTS
recommendations. Actually, other phenomena might exist, but they are not controlled by any
rules. For example, electromagnetic compatibility problems may be encountered in a site
between:
- feeders
- antennas
- transceivers and receivers.
Any way these problems cannot be forecast and must be treated on site, case by case.
5. THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS
In this part we only consider the GSM recommendations and the UMTS recommendation to
calculate the necessary decoupling between:
- one GSM 900 system and one UMTS system

- one R-GSM system and one UMTS system
- one GSM 1800system and one UMTS system.
5.1 HYPOTHESIS FOR CALCULATION
The following configuration have been assumed for the calculation of the necessary isolation
between systems:
- As the channel bandwidths are differents in GSM and in UMTS, we prefer to use all
the signal power levels (GSM and UMTS) per Herz
- 43dBm output power (per carrier) is assumed to be at the antenna port of GSM
BTS.

- The noise figure of GSM BTS is assumed to be 4 dB, so k.T.F (thermal noisefloor +
noise figure) is equal to –170 dBm/Hz
- 48 dBm output power for one carrier is assumed to be at the antenna port of UMTS
BTS. It is the maximum output power we can have with the UMTS BTS,
considering a STSR configuration with 2 PA per sector at full power.
- The noise figure of GSM BTS is assumed to be 3.3dB so k.T.F (thermal noise +
noise figure) is equal to –170.7dBm/Hz
- Within the receiving channel, there is no specification about the maximum level of
any signal disturbing the reception.
Meanwhile, it seems that the GSM spurious emissions level in the UMTS receiving band (new
GSM requirement) has been specified so that degradation at the UMTS receiver of 0.8dB has
been allowed. So, there is also the UMTS tolerable interference level at the antenna connector ao
that the degradation of the thermal noise floor + noise figure (k.T.F) of 0.8 dB is accepted.
- UMTS receiving channel:
Considering the k.T.F equal to –170.7 dBm/Hz, there will be a degradation of 0.8 dB of this
level if there is an interfering signal of –178dBm/Hz. It means that the maximum tolerable
interference level in the UMTS receiving channel is about –178dBm/Hz
5.2 CO LOCATION BETWEEN GSM SITES AND UMTS SITES
5.2.1 WIDEBAND NOISE
As the frequency separation between the GSM 900/ R-GSM band and the UMTS band and
between the GSM 1800 band and the UMTS band is large, we assume that the transmit part
(GSM 900 / R-GSM / GSM 1800) do not generate wideband noise in the receive part (UMTS).
This assumption is in compliance with the GSM 05.05, which only considers the modulation
spectrum (i.e wideband noise) up to 2 MHz either side of the transmit band.
5.2.2 SPURIOUS EMISSIONS
The GSM recommendation 05.05 specifies a maximum level of spurious emisssions in the
frequency band 1 – 12.5 GHz, including the UMTS receiving band. This maximum power
should not be greater than –30dBm at the base station RF output port, power measured in 3 MHz
bandwidth, what is equivalent to –95dBm/Hz
Note:
According to a new requirement added to the GSM 05.05 in july 2000, which considers the
colocation of GSM BTS with UMTS BTS the measured power of the spurious emissions within
the UMTS receiving band shall be no more than 96dBm over 100kHz, what is equivalent to –
146 dBm/Hz.
To calculate the necessary isolation between antennas we keep the worst case which a spurious
emission of –95dBm/Hz.

The difference between the maximum level of the spurious emissions and the maximum level of
interfering signal within the UMTS receiving channel gives the required isolation to guarantee to
avoid interference.
Jamming system Victim system

Tx UMTS Rx UMTS
Specified spurious emissions -30 dBm
over 3 MHz
Specified spurious emissions per -95dBm
HZ
Maximum level of unwanted -178 dBm
signal per Hz
Necessary isolation between 83 dB
antenna connectors
5.2.3 INTERMODULATIONS
Intermodulations generated by the transmitter

The GSM 05.05 recommendation specifies that the power level of intermodulation products
when an interfering signal is injected into the antenna connector at a level of 30 dB lower than
that of the wanted signal, shall not exceed the spurious emissions requirements, i.e. –30dBm in
the UMTS receiving band at the base station RF outport, power measured in 3MHz bandwidth,
what is equivalent to –95dBm/Hz
It is the same level than the one specified for the spurious emissions, so we need the same
decoupling between antenna connectors.
Intermodulations generated by the transmitter
The UMTS TS 25.104 recommendation specifies a test to verify the receiver performance: the
reference sensitivity performance shall be met when two interfering signals, with a power equal
to –48dBm, are coupled to the UMTS BTS antenna connector.
5.2.4 BLOCKING
The UMTS TS 25.104 recommendation specifies that out-of-band, the maximum level of
interfering signals (CW carrier) for blocking is equal to –15dBm.
The GSM power is assumed to be 43dBm at antenna connector. This power is over 200kHz,
rather than a CW interfering source as defined in TS 25.104.
Comparing this value to the blocking point, the necessary isolation between the two antennas
can be calculated.

Jamming system Victim System
Tx GSM Rx UMTS
Transmit output power 43 dBm
Blocking point out of receiving -15 dBm
band
Necessary isolation between 58 dB
antenna connectors.
5.3 CONCLUSION
The isolation required to protect UMTS from GSM interference is 83 dB. This value is very
high, it is explained by the fact that GSM standard was fixed without thinking about protection
of UMTS. (cositing UMTS /GSM has been taken into account in the UMTS standard and there
should not be problem of interference from UMTS in GSM Rx Band.)
This high value of 83dB concerns the BTS installed before july 2000, the BTS installed after this
date should comply with the new GSM recommendation which fix the level of spurious
emissions lower than –146 dBm/Hz, so the isolation required for this equipment is 32 dB.
Now all these calculations have been done only considering the GSM and UMTS
specification. But often, the products have better performances than these specifications. It
means that the necessary isolation to avoid any disturbance between systems will be
reduced. So it is important to get the real performances of the products.
The next part of the document is a study regarding the possibility to reach the necessary isolation
by antenna decoupling.

6. ANTENNA DECOUPLING POSITIONS
6.1 TESTED ANTENNAS
The following set of antennas was considered :
In 900 MHz band :

• directive crosspolar antenna, 65° horizontal aperture , 17 dBi max. gain:
named antenna900X
In 1800 MHz band :

named antenna1800X
Dual band 900 / 1800 MHz :

named dualantennaX
In UMTS band :
• directive crosspolar antenna, 65° horizontal aperture, 17 dBi max. gain:
named antenna2000X
For the Dualantenna, two cases must be studied :

- GSM-900 transmission
- GSM-1800 transmission
For the GSM-900 transmission case, the CW signal generator is connected to the GSM-
900 port, and for the GSM-1800 transmission case it is connected to the GSM-1800
port.

6.2 TESTED POSITIONS
6.2.1 HORIZONTAL SEPARATION
6.2.1.1 Basic horizontal separation

The following mutual position was tested (figure 1):
Antenna 1 Antenna 2
Antenna 1 Antenna 2
front view top view
Figure 1 : Basic horizontal separation
Antenna 1 and 2 are the following ones and d varies in the following range :
Antenna 1 Antenna 2 d (m)

Antenna900X Antenna2000X 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
Antenna1800X Antenna2000X 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
DualantennaX Antenna2000X 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
In that default case, both antennas are oriented in the same direction, perpendicular to
the axe of the study.
Measurements for distance lower than 0.5 m was not feasible due to the mechanical
aspects of the system.

6.2.1.2 Horizontal separation with an azimuth divergence
The mutual position correspond to the previous separation distance, except that both
antennas are not oriented in the same direction (figure 2):
Antenna 1 Antenna 2
d
top view
Figure 2 : Horizontal separation with an azimuth divergence
Antenna 1 Antenna 2 α d (m)

(deg)
Antenna900X Antenna2000X 30 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
DualantennaX Antenna2000X 30 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

6.2.2 VERTICAL SEPARATION
6.2.2.1 Basic vertical separation

The following mutual position was considered (figure 3):
Antenna 1
Antenna 2
Figure 3 : Basic vertical separation

Both antennas are pointing in the same horizontal direction.
The distance d between the two antennas varies in the following range :
Antenna 1 Antenna2 d (m)
Antenna900X Antenna2000X 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Antenna1800X Antenna2000X 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
DualantennaX Antenna2000X 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
In that case, both antennas are not tilted.

Measurements for distance lower than 0.5 m was not feasible due to the mechanical
aspects of the system.

6.2.2.2 Vertical separation with different azimuths
The following mutual position was considered (figure 4):
Antenna 1
Antenna 2
Figure 4 : Vertical separation with different azimuths
Both antennas are pointing in their own direction separated by an angle α.
The distance d between the two antennas varies in the following range:
Antenna 1 Antenna 2 α (deg) d (m)
Antenna900X Antenna2000X 90 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Antenna1800X Antenna2000X 90 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
DualantennaX Antenna2000X 90 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
In that case, both antennas are not tilted.

6.2.3 DOUBLE SEPARATION
6.2.3.1 Basic horizontal – vertical separation

This position is a combination of vertical and horizontal separation (figure 5).
Antenna 1
d Antenna 2
d’
Figure 5 : Basic horizontal – vertical separation
Both antennas are pointing in the same direction, the d' axis study.
Antenna 1 Antenna 2 d (m) d' (m)

Antenna900X Antenna2000X 1.5 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
DualantennaX Antenna2000X 1.5 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
DualantennaX Antenna2000X 2.5 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

6.2.3.2 Horizontal - vertical separation with different azimuths
The mutual position correspond to the previous separation distance, except that both
antennas are oriented differently (figure 6) :
Antenna 1
d Antenna 2
α
Antenna 1
d'
d’ Antenna 2
Figure 6 : Horizontal – vertical separation with different azimuths
Antennas are not tilted.

Antenna 1 Antenna 2 α d (m) d' (m)
(deg)
Antenna900X Antenna2000X 90 1.5 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
Antenna900X Antenna2000X 90 2 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
DualantennaX Antenna2000X 90 1.5 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
DualantennaX Antenna2000X 90 2 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
DualantennaX Antenna2000X 90 2.5 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
DualantennaX Antenna2000X 90 3 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

7. MEASUREMENT SIGNAL
CW signal S at frequency f was entered at antenna 1 input and received at antenna 2
output (figure 7).
For crosspolar antenna, only one antenna 1 input was tested. Antenna 2 outputs were
both measured. Since antenna2000X is crosspolar, always two measurements were
done in reception.
Antenna 1
Antenna 2
Network analyser
S’ Input Signal
generator
S
Figure 7
7.1 MEASUREMENT FREQUENCY IN TRANSMISSION BANDWIDTH

Frequency used for transmitting varies from 0.5 to 2.5 GHz.
7.2 MEASUREMENT FREQUENCY IN RECEPTION BANDWIDTH

At antenna 2 output, S’ is measured in UMTS frequency band.
As a consequence, when GSM frequency was used for transmission, measured
decoupling corresponds to :
- antennas separation attenuation
- band attenuation (antenna filtering effects)

8. ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS
8.1 COMMENTS
The results show that there is no difference between the S’ measurements when the
signal is taken from the output +45° and the signal measured at the output –45° of the
UMTS antenna.
Consequently, decoupling is independent on polarization aspects.
Only the signal measured at the +45° output port will be taken into account for the
following results.
8.2 HORIZONTAL SEPARATION WITH AZIMUTH DIVERGENCE

8.2.1 COMMENTS
¾ Decoupling increases with the growth of the angle and the horizontal distance
between the two antennas. This is due to basic separation distance effects.
¾ The reason of the decoupling increase with the angle is that in every case the
antenna 1 is a directive antenna. So, when angle exceeds 30 degrees, the radiation
from the antenna 1 to antenna 2 decreases.
¾ We can notice that the decoupling between the UMTS antenna and GSM-900
antenna is the greatest.
¾ Decoupling values for the dual antenna in case of GSM-1800 transmission and for
the GSM-1800 antenna are very closely.
¾ The minimum decoupling measured for each antenna is in the case of 0.5m
horizontal distance and for the basic horizontal separation (corresponding to the
worst radiation case).
¾ Isolation measured for the dual band antenna in case of GSM-900 transmission is
roughly 10-15 dB below than the one of GSM-900 antenna.
¾ The minimum and maximum decoupling for each antenna are noted in the
following table:
Antennas Min decoupling function of Max decoupling function of the

the separation distance separation distance
GSM 900 - UMTS 65 dB (α = 0°) 80 dB (α=0°) to 90 dB (α=120°)
GSM 1800 - UMTS 50 dB (α = 0°) 65 dB (α=0°) to 80 dB (α=120°)
Dualband - UMTS GSM-1800 GSM-900 GSM-1800 GSM-900
50 dB (α=0°) 50 dB (α=0°) 65 dB (α=0°) to 70 dB (α=0°)
85 dB (α=120°) to 85 dB
(α=120°)

8.3 BASIC VERTICAL SEPARATION
8.3.1 COMMENTS
¾ S' decreases with the growth of the vertical distance between the two antennas. This
is due to basic separation distance effects. Compared to horizontal separation,
higher decoupling is obtained thanks to limited antenna vertical radiation pattern.
¾ The decoupling between the UMTS antenna and GSM-900 antenna is always the
greatest.
¾ The minimum decoupling measured for each antenna is in the case of closed
antennas.
¾ There is no much gain to obtain in widely separating antennas: 10 dB from 0.5m to
3m.
following table:
Antennas Min decoupling (d=0.5m) Max decoupling (d=2.5m)

GSM 900 - UMTS 70 dB 80 dB
60 dB 65 dB 65 dB 70 dB
8.4 VERTICAL SEPARATION WITH DIFFERENT AZIMUTHS
8.4.1 COMMENTS
¾ Decoupling increases with the growth of the vertical distance between the two
antennas.
greatest.
¾ The comparison between the results of the basic vertical separation and of this
position shows that the second position gives a better decoupling between the
antennas. This is due to radiation filtering in angles.
antennas.
¾ There is no much gain to obtain in widely separating antennas: 10 dB from 0.5m to
3m.
following table:
Antennas Min decouplig (d=0.5m) Max decoupling (d=2.5m)

GSM 900 – UMTS 70 dB 80 dB
Dualband – UMTS GSM-1800 GSM-900 GSM-1800 GSM-900
60 dB 65 dB 75 dB 75 dB

8.5 BASIC HORIZONTAL – VERTICAL SEPARATION
The following figures (figure 19 to figure 22) shows the variation of S’ in function of
the horizontal and vertical distances between the two antennas. These two antennas are
oriented in the same direction (Figure 5 : ).
8.5.2 COMMENTS
antennas, but doesn't fluctuate very much with the horizontal distance. 1.5m vertical
distance is enough to reach basic attenuation. Between 0.5m and 1.5m horizontal
separation 10 dB are to gain, not more is expected.
greatest.
¾ Decoupling values for the dual antenna in case of GSM-1800 transmission and for
the GSM-1800 antenna are very closely.
following table:
Antennas Min decoupling(d=0.5m) Max decoupling(d=3m)

Dualband – UMTS GSM-1800 GSM-900 GSM-1800 GSM-900
60 dB 65 dB 70 dB 70 dB
8.6 HORIZONTAL-VERTICAL SEPARATION WITH A DIFFERENCE

OF AZIMUTHS OF 90 DEG
8.6.1 COMMENTS
antennas, but doesn't fluctuate very much with the horizontal distance.
greatest.
¾ Decoupling values for the dual antenna for the two cases of transmission and for the
GSM-1800 antenna are very closely.
¾ The comparison between the results of the basic horizontal – vertical separation and
of this position shows that first position gives a better decoupling between the
antennas.
antennas.
¾ 1.5m vertical distance is enough to reach basic decoupling. Between 0.5 and 1.5m
horizontal separation 10 dB are to gain.

following table:
Antennas Min decoupling Max decoupling
(vert. sepa. = 1.5m) (vert. Sepa.=3m)
60 dB 60 dB 70 dB 70 dB

9 CONCLUSION
The decoupling between UMTS antenna and the others antennas is always higher than
50 dB, and increases with the distance between the antennas. The best decoupling is the
one between the GSM-900 and UMTS antenna, and the worst one is with the GSM-
1800 antenna.
We can deduce some position recommendations of each antenna for a decoupling

bandwidth from these measurements:
¾ If a lower decoupling of 50-60 dB is needed, the horizontal separation is enough.
¾ If a minimum decoupling of 70-80 dB is required, a vertical separation is
recommended with a minimum separation of 1.5 m.
¾ The association of a horizontal separation and a vertical separation doesn’t have a
great influence on the antenna decoupling.
To summarize, the minimum and maximum decoupling for each antenna are noted in
the following table:
α = azimuth difference
Position Antennas Min decoupling Max decoupling

GSM 900 80 dB (α=0°) to 90 dB
65 dB (α = 0°, hor.sep. = 0.5m)
- UMTS (α=120°) ( hor.sep.=4m)
GSM
Horizontal 65 dB (α=0°) to 80 dB
1800 - 50 dB (α = 0°, hor.sep. = 0.5m)
separation (α=120°) ( hor.sep.=4m)
UMTS
with
GSM-1800 GSM-900
azimuth
divergence Dualband GSM-1800 GSM-900 65 dB (α=0°) 70 dB (α=0°)
50 dB (α=0°, 52 dB (α=0°, to 85 dB to 85 dB
- UMTS
hor.sep. = 0.5m) hor.sep. = 0.5m) (α=120°) (α=120°)
(hor.sep.=4m) (hor.sep.=4m)
GSM 900
70 dB (vert.sep.=0.5m) 80 dB (vert.sep.=3m)
- UMTS
GSM
Basic
1800 - 55 dB (vert.sep.=0.5m) 65 dB (vert.sep.=3m)
vertical
UMTS
separation
GSM-1800 GSM-900 GSM-1800 GSM-900
Dualband
60 dB 65 dB 65 dB 70 dB
- UMTS
(vert.sep.=0.5m) (vert.sep.=0.5m) (vert.sep.=3m) (vert.sep.=3m)
GSM 900
70 dB (vert.sep.=0.5m) 80 dB (vert.sep.=3m)
- UMTS
Vertical
GSM
separation
1800 - 60 dB (vert.sep.=0.5m) 75 dB (vert.sep.=3m)
with
UMTS
azimuth
GSM-1800 GSM-900 GSM-1800 GSM-900
divergence Dualband
60 dB 65 dB 75 dB 75 dB
- UMTS
(vert.sep.=0.5m) (vert.sep.=0.5m) (vert.sep.=3m) (vert.sep.=3m)

GSM 900 70 dB (vert.sep.=1.5m, 85 dB (vert.sep.=3m,
- UMTS hor.sep. = 0.5m) hor.sep. = 4m)
GSM
Basic 60 dB (vert.sep.=1.5m, 70 dB (vert.sep.=3m,
1800 -
horizontal hor.sep. = 0.5m) hor.sep. = 4m)
UMTS
– vertical
GSM-1800 GSM-900 GSM-1800 GSM-900
separation
Dualband 60 dB 65 dB 70 dB 70 dB
- UMTS (vert.sep.=1.5m, (vert.sep.=1.5m, (vert.sep.=3m, (vert.sep.=3m,
hor.sep. = 0.5m) hor.sep. = 0.5m) hor.sep. = 4m) hor.sep. = 4m)
GSM 900 70 dB (vert.sep.=1.5m, 80 dB (vert.sep.=3m,
- UMTS hor.sep. = 0.5m) hor.sep. = 4m)
Horizontal
GSM
– vertical 60 dB (vert.sep.=1.5m, 70 dB (vert.sep.=3m,
1800 -
separaion hor.sep. = 0.5m) hor.sep. = 4m)
UMTS
with
GSM-1800 GSM-900 GSM-1800 GSM-900
azimuth
Dualband 60 dB 60 dB 70 dB 70 dB
divergence
- UMTS (vert.sep.=1.5m, (vert.sep.=1.5m, (vert.sep.=3m, (vert.sep.=3m,
hor.sep. = 0.5m) hor.sep. = 0.5m) hor.sep. = 4m) hor.sep. = 4m)
Using the above information, we can draw some guidelines to enable the engineer to
determine his antenna locations where other operators are already present.
Firstly, line of sight between antennas should be avoided. This can be achieved by
using available masks on the rooftop (eg. penthouse, chimney). Wall mounting the
antennas should be considered where possible. The design of the site should not
compromise its quality.
Secondly, where line of sight between antennas cannot be avoided, the engineer should
prioritize the vertical decoupling with or without azimuth divergence (there is a better
isolation with azimuth divergence) a minimum distance of 1 m between antennas is
needed.
If vertical decoupling is not possible then a vertical / horizontal decoupling should be

used with priority given to vertical decoupling which is much more effective than the
horizontal one (minimum vertical distance =1m).
The measurements regarding the Vertical + Horizontal decoupling were only done on
the GSM antenna’s axis.
Axis Y GSM antenna
d’
UMTS antenna
ß
Axis X
GSM Antenna

The axis Y represents the axis where the GSM antenna gain is maximum, then the
isolation of a UMTS antenna place on this axe (0,Y) is lower than the isolation of an
antenna place on (X,Y) with X<>0.
Therefore the measurements on Horizontal + Vertical decoupling show the worse case,
where the attenuation is the lowest, in order to reach an higher isolation the engineer
should look for a relative azimuth (ß) between antenna higher than 0 degrees. However
the results of the measurements (figure 5) should be used as a base to calculate the
attenuation.
For a minimum vertical distance d=1m,
Zone C we can define three horizontal zones:
with d’< d*1,5
Zone A: no restriction of distance and
azimuth.
Zone B
Zone B: The antenna placed in this zone
α = 60 must have an azimuth between 240 and
Zone A d’=1,5m 120 degrees (clockwise), assuming that
the GSM antenna is pointing north.
Zone C: No antenna should be placed in
GSM Antenna
this zone.
This rule should be applied within a
radius of 20m (no interference measured
beyond this point).
Thirdly horizontal decoupling alone should be chosen as a last option with a
minimum distance of 3m and an azimuth divergence if possible. Assuming that the
other operator is using a 65 degrees horizontal aperture antenna, the engineer has to put
his antenna away from +/- 60 degrees around the azimuth of the GSM antenna (orange
zone in the diagram below).
In the red zone no antenna should be placed within a radius of 3m
In the green zone, the azimuth must be as follows:

On the right hand side whilst looking from behind the antenna, and assuming that the
antenna is pointing at 0 degrees, the range in which you may place your antenna is
from 0 to 180 degrees, relative to the theoretical 0 azimuth. On the left hand side, it
may be placed in the range of 180 to 360 degrees also based on the theoritical azimuth.
-60 +60
-90 +90
There is no restriction in the white area.

EXAMPLE
The GSM antennas are in white, first the

engineer should look for the vertical
decoupling solution. Then if it is not
possible the Vertical/Horizontal decoupling
should be chosen (blue antenna) with
d2 minimum vertical distance = 1m.There is
d1 no restriction on d2 since the UMTS
antenna is not in the main beam (+/- 60
deg) around the GSM azimuth.
Finally if the vertical decoupling alone is
not possible, the horizontal one should be
chosen (orange antenna) with a minimum
distance d1>3m and an azimuth divergence
(see restrictions above).
In this case the best decoupling can be

d achieve by placing the UMTS antenna
( in red) as showed in the sketch.
If vertical decoupling can be used then
there is no restriction on d, otherwise,
in case of horizontal decoupling alone,
d must be greater than 3m.
d d

GSM and UMTS RF Colocation

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COSITING BETWEEN UMTS AND GSM SYSTEMS

Dr. Hatem MOKHTARI

1.1. OBJECT .........................................................................................................4

2. ABBREVIATIONS & DEFINITIONS .........................................................................4

4. INTERFERENCE MECHANISMS .................................................................................5

4.1 SYSTEMS AND BRAND TO BE CONSIDERED ................................................5

4.2 TYPES OF INTERFERENCES ...........................................................................5

5.1 HYPOTHESIS FOR CALCULATION ..................................................................6

5.2 CO LOCATION BETWEEN GSM SITES AND UMTS SITES .............................7

6. ANTENNA DECOUPLING POSITIONS......................................................................10

6.1 TESTED ANTENNAS...................................................................................10

6.2 TESTED POSITIONS...................................................................................11

Dr. Hatem MOKHTARI, September 2004 Page 2/25

7. MEASUREMENT SIGNAL .....................................................................................17

7.1 MEASUREMENT FREQUENCY IN TRANSMISSION BANDWIDTH...........17

7.2 MEASUREMENT FREQUENCY IN RECEPTION BANDWIDTH .................17

8. ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS ..............................................................................18

END OF DOCUMENT ........................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.

Dr. Hatem MOKHTARI, September 2004 Page 3/25

2. ABBREVIATIONS & DEFINITIONS

Dr. Hatem MOKHTARI, September 2004 Page 4/25

4.1 SYSTEMS AND BRAND TO BE CONSIDERED

The evaluation of interference in a system is related to the bands allocated to each

GSM 900 R-GSM GSM 1800 UMTS

4.2 TYPES OF INTERFERENCES

Dr. Hatem MOKHTARI, September 2004 Page 5/25

- one GSM 900 system and one UMTS system

5.1 HYPOTHESIS FOR CALCULATION

Dr. Hatem MOKHTARI, September 2004 Page 6/25

- UMTS receiving channel:

5.2 CO LOCATION BETWEEN GSM SITES AND UMTS SITES

5.2.1 WIDEBAND NOISE

5.2.2 SPURIOUS EMISSIONS

Dr. Hatem MOKHTARI, September 2004 Page 7/25

Jamming system Victim system

Intermodulations generated by the transmitter

Intermodulations generated by the transmitter

Dr. Hatem MOKHTARI, September 2004 Page 8/25

Dr. Hatem MOKHTARI, September 2004 Page 9/25

In 900 MHz band :

In 1800 MHz band :

Dual band 900 / 1800 MHz :

For the Dualantenna, two cases must be studied :

Dr. Hatem MOKHTARI, September 2004 Page 10/25

6.2.1.1 Basic horizontal separation

Antenna 1 Antenna 2 d (m)

Dr. Hatem MOKHTARI, September 2004 Page 11/25

Antenna 1 Antenna 2 α d (m)

Dr. Hatem MOKHTARI, September 2004 Page 12/25

6.2.2.1 Basic vertical separation

Figure 3 : Basic vertical separation

In that case, both antennas are not tilted.

Dr. Hatem MOKHTARI, September 2004 Page 13/25

Figure 4 : Vertical separation with different azimuths

Both antennas are pointing in their own direction separated by an angle α.

Dr. Hatem MOKHTARI, September 2004 Page 14/25

6.2.3.1 Basic horizontal – vertical separation

Figure 5 : Basic horizontal – vertical separation

Antenna 1 Antenna 2 d (m) d' (m)

Dr. Hatem MOKHTARI, September 2004 Page 15/25

Figure 6 : Horizontal – vertical separation with different azimuths

Antennas are not tilted.

Dr. Hatem MOKHTARI, September 2004 Page 16/25

7.1 MEASUREMENT FREQUENCY IN TRANSMISSION BANDWIDTH