doi: 10.5028/jatm.2012.

04032012

Analysis of Gas Turbine Performance with Inlet Air Cooling

Techniques Applied to Brazilian Sites
Ana Paula Santos1, Cludia R. Andrade2,*
1
2

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Abstract:FRrJHRJrDphLFrHJLRQVwhHrHVLJQLFDQWpRwHrGHmDQGDQGhLJhHVWHOHFWrLFLW\prLFHVRFFXrGXrLQJWhH
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Keywords:*DVWXrbLQHTXrbLQHLQOHWFRROLQJT,C(YDpRrDWLYHFRROLQJChLOOHrDbVRrpWLRQ

LIST OF SYMBOLS AND NOMENCLATURE

Abbreviations
ISO
International Organization for Standardization
TIT
Turbine Inlet Temperature
TIC
Turbine Inlet Cooling
Symbols
Cp

Units
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COP

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WKHPHFKDQLFDOFKLOOHU

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[-]

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h
HR
m
P
P
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r
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Tw
W
SFC

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Heat rate
0DVVRZUDWH
3UHVVXUH
3UHVVXUHGURS
+HDWWUDQVIHUUDWH
&RPSUHVVRUSUHVVXUHUDWLR
Temperature
'U\EXOEWHPSHUDWXUH
Wet-bulb temperature
Power output
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J. Aerosp. Technol. Manag., So Jos dos Campos, Vol.4, No 3, pp. 341-353, Jul.-Sep., 2012

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[-]
[-]
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[kgwater/kgair]

Subscripts
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Input
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Turbine
Total
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water

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345

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100% RH
40

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60% RH

35

Enthalpy
30
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40% RH

25
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Humidity
20% RH

20
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15

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C 4

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27
38
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49

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116
ISO Conditions:
T = 15 C
I = 60 %

112
108
104
100

[%]

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96
92
88
84

TIT = 1385 K
Heat rate
Power output

80
76
72

12

16

20

24

28

32

36

40

44

48

Intake temperature [C]

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346

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31.0

8.0

TIT = 1385 K
I = 60%
H = 0.95
H = 0.90
H = 0.85

7.0
6.5

30.5
30.0

Thermal efficiency [%]

7.5

'T [C]

6.0
5.5
5.0
4.5
4.0

29.5
29.0
28.5
28.0
27.5

3.5

26.5

3.0

26.0

2.5

12

16

20

24

28

32

36

40

44

25.5

48

TIT = 1385 K
H = 0.90
I = 18%
I = 60%
Base-Case

27.0

12

16

Intake temperature [C]

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24

28

32

40

44

48

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40

42
41
39

32

TIT = 1385 K
Absorption chiller: I = 18% and 60%
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38

28

Evaporative cooling: H = 0.90 and I = 60%

36

40

37

24

'T [C]

36
35
34
33

20
16
12

32

TIT = 1385 K
H = 0.90
I = 18%
I = 60%
Base-case

31
30
29
28
27

36

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temperature drop.

Power output [MW]

20

Intake temperature [C]

12

16

8
4
0
20

24

28

32

36

40

44

48

Intake temperature [C]

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-4

12

16

20

24

28

32

36

40

44

48

Intake temperature[C]

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J. Aerosp. Technol. Manag., So Jos dos Campos, Vol.4, No 3, pp. 341-353, Jul.-Sep., 2012

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40

39

39

38

38

37

36

Power output [MW]

Power output [MW]

37

35
34
33
32
31

TIT = 1385 K
Absorption chiller: I = 18%
Absorption chiller: I = 60%
Base-case

30
29
28
27

36
35
34
33

31
30

12

16

20

TIT = 1385 K
I = 60 %
COP = 7.0
COP = 4.5
COP = 2.0

32

24

28

32

36

40

44

48

12

16

)LJXUH (IIHFWRIDPELHQWLQWDNHWHPSHUDWXUHRQWKHJDVWXUELQH

30.5

39

30.0

38

32

36

40

44

48

37

29.0

Power output [MW]

Thermal efficiency [%]

28

&23RQJDVWXUELQHSRZHURXWSXW

29.5

28.5
28.0
27.5
27.0

TIT = 1385 K
Absorption chiller: I = 18%
Absorption chiller: I = 60%
Base-case

26.5
26.0

12

16

20

24

36
35
34
33

TIT = 1385 K
I = 60 %
COP = 7.0
COP = 4.5
COP = 2.0

32
31

28

32

36

40

44

48

Intake temperature[C]

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348

24

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25.5

20

Intake temperature [C]

Intake temperature[C]

30

12

16

20

24

28

32

36

40

44

48

Intake temperature [C]

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39.0
38.5

Power output [MW]

38.0
37.5
37.0
36.5
36.0

TIT = 1385 K
COP = 4.5
I = 18%
I = 60%

35.5
35.0
34.5

12

16

20

24

28

32

36

40

44

48

Intake temperature [C]

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E\WKHVHQVLEOHDQGODWHQWKHDWWUDQVIHUPHFKDQLVPV)LJ
)RUWKHHYDSRUDWLYHV\VWHPWKHWHPSHUDWXUHGURSLVOLPLWHG
E\ WKH ZHWEXOE WHPSHUDWXUH RI WKH LQWDNH DLU OHDGLQJ WR D
VPRRWKJURZWKLQWKHVHQVLEOHFRROLQJORDGDVWKHDPELHQW
LQWDNHWHPSHUDWXUHLQFUHDVHV1HYHUWKHOHVVWKHFRROLQJORDG
REWDLQHG IRU DEVRUSWLRQ DQG PHFKDQLFDO FKLOOHU V\VWHPV LV
VXEMHFWHGWRWKHSUHVSHFLHGFRPSUHVVRULQOHWWHPSHUDWXUH
&DVVKRZQLQ)LJ
 $W WKLV FDVH ZKHQ WKH LQWDNH DPELHQW WHPSHUDWXUH LV
KLJKHUWKDQ&DQGI ERWKFKLOOHUV\VWHPVUHTXLUH
FRROLQJORDGVVXSHULRUWRWKHHYDSRUDWLYHFRROLQJPHWKRGGXH
WRDPRUHLQWHQVHWHPSHUDWXUHGURSSURYLGHGE\WKHDEVRUSWLRQ
DQGPHFKDQLFDOFKLOOHUPHWKRGV%HVLGHVWKLVVHQVLEOHFRROLQJORDGWKHUHLVDODWHQWKHDWWUDQVIHUSDUFHOUHJDUGLQJWRWKH
FRQGHQVHGPDVVRZZDWHU)LJ
 1RWLFHWKDWIRUWKHDEVRUSWLRQFKLOOHUWHFKQLTXHWKHFRROLQJ ORDG UHTXLUHG WR FRRO WKH LQWDNH DLU WHPSHUDWXUH XQWLO
&FRPHVIURPWKHJDVWXUELQHJDVHVH[KDXVWDQGLWLVQR
FRPSXWHGLQWKHSRZHURXWSXWUHVXOWVDVREVHUYHGLQ)LJ
ZKHUHDVWKHPHFKDQLFDOFKLOOHUPHWKRGUHTXLUHVDFRROLQJORDG
WKDWSHQDOL]HVWKHJDVWXUELQHQHWSRZHURXWSXW

1.2

6.5

ma = 141.16 kg/s
TET = 1385 C
I = 18%
Evaporative cooling: H = 0.90
Absorption chiller
Mechanical chiller: COP = 4.5

1.0

Mass flow water [kg/s]

0.9
0.8

6.0

5.0
4.5

0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3

4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5

0.2

1.0

0.1

0.5

0.0
-0.1

TIT = 1385 K
I = 18 %
Mechanical chiller: COP = 4.5
Absorption chiller
Evaporative cooling: H = 0.90

5.5

Cooling load [MW]

1.1

0.0

12

16

20

24

28

32

36

40

44

48

Intake temperature [C]

)LJXUH (IIHFWRIDPELHQWLQWDNHWHPSHUDWXUHRQWKHHYDSRUDWHG
DQGFRQGHQVHGPDVVRZZDWHU

-0.5

12

16

20

24

28

32

36

40

44

48

Intake temperature [C]

)LJXUH (IIHFWRIDPELHQWLQWDNHWHPSHUDWXUHRQWKHFRROLQJORDG
RIHYDSRUDWLYHDQGFKLOOHUVFRROLQJV\VWHPV

J. Aerosp. Technol. Manag., So Jos dos Campos, Vol.4, No 3, pp. 341-353, Jul.-Sep., 2012

349

6DQWRV$3$QGUDGH&5

 )LJXUH  DOVR VKRZV WKDW WKH DGYDQWDJH RI FRPSUHVVRU

LQOHWFRROLQJPHWKRGLQLPSURYLQJJDVWXUELQHSHUIRUPDQFH
RQFH DOO WHVWHG FRROLQJ V\VWHPV UHVXOWV LQ SRZHU RXWSXW
DXJPHQWDWLRQ LQ FRPSDULVRQ ZLWK %DVH&DVH FDVH ZLWKRXW
FRROLQJ$VVKRZQLQ)LJWKLVLQFUHDVHLQSRZHURXWSXW
DQGWKHUPDOHIFLHQF\UHVXOWVLVOHVVHIIHFWLYHZKHQWKHLQWDNH
DLUWHPSHUDWXUHHOHYDWHVIRUWKHWKUHHFRROLQJPHWKRGV
 $WORZHULQWDNHDPELHQWWHPSHUDWXUHVWKHWZRFKLOOHUWHFKQRORJLHVKDYHDVLPLODUEHKDYLRU)LJVDQG+RZHYHU
DV WKH LQOHW DLU WHPSHUDWXUH LQFUHDVHV WKH PHFKDQLFDO FKLOOHU
HIFLHQF\ZKLFKLVGHWHUPLQHGE\LWV&23YDOXHLWLPSRVHVD
JDVWXUELQHUHGXFWLRQSHUIRUPDQFHZKLOHWKHDEVRUSWLRQFKLOOHU
SURYLGHVDFRQVWDQWSRZHURXWSXWDQGWKHUPDOHIFLHQF\UHVXOWV
 *DV WXUELQH SHUIRUPDQFH ZDV WHVWHG IRU WZR GLIIHUHQW
JHRJUDSKLF VLWHV DV LQGLFDWHG LQ 7DEOH  7KH DQDO\VLV LV
SHUIRUPHG FRPSXWLQJ WKH DYHUDJH PRQWKO\ PD[LPXP GU\
EXOEWHPSHUDWXUHDQGDYHUDJHPRQWKO\UHODWLYHKXPLGLW\RYHU
 \HDUV H[WUDFWHG IURP DXWRPDWLF PHWHRURORJLFDO
VWDWLRQDFFRUGLQJWR,10(7$WWKLVSURFHGXUHWKH

GDLO\FROOHFWHGDFWXDOGDWDPD[LPXPWHPSHUDWXUHDQGDYHUDJHUHODWLYHKXPLGLW\ZHUHWUHDWHGWRFDOFXODWHDQDYHUDJH

PRQWKO\YDOXHRYHUWKHDQDO\]HG\HDUV
Table 2. *HRJUDSKLFVLWHV

Site

&DPSRV5-%UD]LO

$OWLWXGH>P@
Latitude []
Longitude []
3UHVVXUH>N3D@

*RLkQLD*2%UD]LO

25.0

- 41.34
101.25






 &DPSRV LV D FRDVW FLW\ ZLWK KLJKHU DYHUDJH PD[LPXP

WHPSHUDWXUHVRFFXUULQJGXULQJWKHVXPPHUPRQWKV&
LQ'HFHPEHUWR0DUFKDQGORZHURQHVRFFXUULQJLQ-XQHWR
$XJXVWa&DVVKRZQLQ)LJXUH7KHDYHUDJHUHODWLYLW\KXPLGLW\OHYHOLVKLJKGXULQJDOO\HDUUHDFKLQJDOPRVW
LQ$SULO)LJ
 2Q WKH RWKHU KDQG *RLkQLD LV D SODQQHG FLW\ ORFDWHG DW
WKH FHQWUDO UHJLRQ RI WKH %UD]LO ZLWK PD[LPXP DYHUDJH

42
34.0
33.5

40

33.0
32.5

Ambient temperature [C]

Power output [MW]

38
36
34
32

TIT = 1385 K
I = 18%
Evaporative cooling: H = 0.90
Absorption chiller
Compression chiller: COP = 4.5
Base case

30
28
26

12

16

20

24

28

32.0
31.5
31.0
30.5
30.0
29.5
29.0
28.5
28.0
27.5

32

36

40

44

27.0

48

JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

Intake temperature [C]

80

30.0

79

29.5

78

Relative humidity [%]

Thermal efficiency [%]

81

30.5

29.0
28.5
28.0

TIT = 1385 K
I = 18 %
Evaporative cooling: H = 0.90
Absorption chiller
Compression chiller: COP = 4.5
Base-case

26.0
25.5

12

16

20

24

28

OCT

NOV

DEC

77
76
75
74
73
72
71

32

36

40

44

48

Intake temperature [C]

)LJXUH &RPSDULVRQEHWZHHQWKHJDVWXUELQHWKHUPDOHIFLHQF\
IRUHDFKVLPXODWHGFRROLQJWHFKQLTXHV

350

SEP

RFFXUUHGRYHU\HDUV

31.0

26.5

AUG

)LJXUH &DPSRVVVLWHPRQWKO\DYHUDJHPD[LPXPWHPSHUDWXUH

HDFKVLPXODWHGFRROLQJWHFKQLTXHV

27.0

JUL

Months

)LJXUH &RPSDULVRQEHWZHHQWKHJDVWXUELQHSRZHURXWSXWIRU

27.5

JUN

70

JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

OCT

NOV DEC

Months

)LJXUH &DPSRVVVLWHPRQWKO\DYHUDJHUHODWLYHKXPLGLW\
RFFXUUHGRYHU\HDUV

J. Aerosp. Technol. Manag., So Jos dos Campos, Vol.4, No 3, pp. 341-353, Jul.-Sep., 2012

$QDO\VLVRI*DV7XUELQH3HUIRUPDQFHZLWK,QOHW$LU&RROLQJ7HFKQLTXHV$SSOLHGWR%UD]LOLDQ6LWHV

WHPSHUDWXUHV&RFFXUULQJGXULQJ$XJXVWWR2FWREHU

)RUWKHRWKHUPRQWKVWKHWHPSHUDWXUHLVLQWKH&
UDQJH DV SUHVHQWHG LQ )LJ  'LIIHUHQWO\ RI &DPSRV FLW\
WKLVVLWHKDVORZHUDYHUDJHUHODWLYLW\KXPLGLW\OHYHOV)LJ
)RUH[DPSOHWKHFROOHFWHGYDOXHLQ$XJXVWZDVDURXQG
DJDLQVWREWDLQHGIRUWKH&DPSRVVVLWH7KLVIDFWZLOOEH
LPSRUWDQWZKHQWKHFRROLQJPHWKRGVZLOOEHWHVWHGPDLQO\IRU
WKHHYDSRUDWLYHFRROLQJZKLFKLVVWURQJO\GHSHQGHQWIURPWKH
UHODWLYHKXPLGLW\OHYHO
 $VWKHZDWHUUHVHUYRLUVOHYHOXVXDOO\GHFUHDVHVIURP-XO\WR
'HFHPEHULQWKHVHJHRJUDSKLFVLWHVWKHK\GURSRZHUJHQHUDWLRQ
DOVR LV UHGXFHG &RQVHTXHQWO\ WKH %UD]LOLDQ DJHQF\ QDPHG
OpHraGRr NaFiRnaO GR SiVWHma (OpWriFR216GHWHUPLQHVWKH
WKHUPDOSRZHUSODQWRSHUDWLRQGXULQJWKLVSHULRG$WWKLVFRQWH[W
WKHLQFUHPHQWDOHOHFWULFHQHUJ\JHQHUDWLRQDQGDQDQDO\VLVRIWKH
HOHFWULFLW\ FRVW ZLOO EH KHUHLQ FRQGXFWHG RQO\ IRU WKH VHFRQG
VHPHVWHURYHUFLWHGPHWHRURORJLFDOGDWD
 )LJXUH  DQG )LJ  SUHVHQW WKH LQFUHPHQWDO HOHFWULF
HQHUJ\JHQHUDWLRQSURYLGHGZKHQWKHFRROLQJPHWKRGVDUH

4,400

34.5

4,000

Incremental electric energy generation [MWh]

35.0

34.0

Ambient temperature [C]

LQFOXGHG IRU WKH &DPSRV DQG *RLkQLD ORFDWLRQV UHVSHFWLYHO\1RWLFHWKDWWKHVHYDOXHVUHSUHVHQWHQKDQFHPHQWLQ

UHODWLRQWRWKHHQHUJ\JHQHUDWLRQSURGXFHGE\WKHJDVWXUELQH
ZLWKRXWDQ\FRROLQJ
 (PSOR\LQJUHVXOWVRIHFRQRPLFDQDO\VLVSUHVHQWHGLQSUHYLRXVOLWHUDWXUHZRUNV$O,EUDKLPDQG9DUQKDP'H/XFLD
HW aO*DUHWDHW aODQHFRQRPLFVWXG\ZDVDOVR
SHUIRUPHGWDNLQJLQWRDFFRXQWWKHFRVWRIDGGLWLRQDOGHYLFHV
DVVRFLDWHGZLWKHDFKFRROLQJPHWKRG%HVLGHVWKHVWDWLRQDU\
SRZHUJHQHUDWLRQV\VWHPLVH[SHFWHGWRKDYHDKLJKXWLOL]DWLRQ
IDFWRULHWKLVV\VWHPLVDVVXPHGWRRSHUDWHKRXUVSHUGD\
GD\VSHU\HDUUHVXOWLQJLQKRXUVSHU\HDU
 7KXVWKHWRWDOLQFUHPHQWDODQQXDOHQHUJ\XQLWFRVWKDG
EHHQ FRPSXWHG LQ &DPSRV DQG *RLkQLD FRQVLGHULQJ WKH
IROORZLQJFRQWULEXWLRQVFDSLWDOFRVWDVVRFLDWHGZLWKHDFKLQOHW
DLUFRROLQJPHWKRGRSHUDWLRQDQGPDLQWHQDQFH2 0[HG
DQGYDULDEOHFRVWVDQGLQFUHPHQWDOIXHOFRVWV7DEOHSUHVHQWV
WKHLQFUHPHQWLQDQQXDOHQHUJ\JHQHUDWLRQFRPSXWHGE\VXP
RIWKHPRQWKO\FRQWULEXWLRQSUHVHQWHGLQ)LJDQG)LJ

33.5
33.0
32.5
32.0
31.5
31.0
30.5
30.0
29.5
29.0

Evaporative cooling: = 0.90

Absorption chiller
Mechanical chiller: COP = 4.5

3,600
3,200
2,800
2,400
2,000
1,600
1,200
800
400
0

JAN

FEB

MAR APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

OCT

NOV

JUL

DEC

DEC

)LJXUH &DPSRVV VLWH PRQWKO\ LQFUHPHQWDO HOHFWULF HQHUJ\

RFFXUUHGRYHU\HDUV

JHQHUDWLRQSURYLGHGE\WKHWHVWHGFRROLQJPHWKRGV
5,200

80

4,800

Incremental electric energy generation [MWh]

85

75

Relative humidity [%]

NOV

Months

)LJXUH *RLkQLDVVLWHPRQWKO\DYHUDJHPD[LPXPWHPSHUDWXUH

70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25

OUT

SEP

AUG

Months

Evaporative cooling: = 0.90

Absorption chiller
Mechanical chiller: COP = 4.5

4,400
4,000
3,600
3,200
2,800
2,400
2,000
1,600
1,200
800
400
0

JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

OCT

NOV DEC

JUL

AUG

SEP

)LJXUH *RLkQLDV VLWH 0RQWKO\ DYHUDJH UHODWLYH KXPLGLW\

RFFXUUHGRYHU\HDUV

OUT

NOV

DEC

Mounths

Months

)LJXUH *RLDQLDV VLWH PRQWKO\ LQFUHPHQWDO HOHFWULF HQHUJ\

JHQHUDWLRQSURYLGHGE\WKHWHVWHGFRROLQJPHWKRGV

J. Aerosp. Technol. Manag., So Jos dos Campos, Vol.4, No 3, pp. 341-353, Jul.-Sep., 2012

351

6DQWRV$3$QGUDGH&5

IXHOFRVWDQGWRWDOHQHUJ\XQLWFRVWREWDLQHGIRU&DPSRVDQG
*RLkQLDVVLWHVHPSOR\LQJWKHWKUHHVWXGLHGFRROLQJPHWKRGV
 7KH HYDSRUDWLYH FRROLQJ SURYLGHV PRQWKO\ DXJPHQWHG
HQHUJ\ JHQHUDWLRQ OHVVHU WKDQ  0:K IRU &DPSRVV
VLWH )LJ  UHVXOWLQJ LQ D DQQXDO FRQWULEXWLRQ RI DERXW
 0:K DV VKRZQ LQ WKH WKLUG FROXPQ RI7DEOH 7KH
DEVRUSWLRQFKLOOHUV\VWHPSURGXFHGFORVHWRIRXUWLPHVPRUH
HOHFWULFHQHUJ\WKDQWKHSRZHUSODQWZLWKHYDSRUDWLYHFRROLQJ
V\VWHPa0:K)RUWKHPHFKDQLFDOFKLOOHUPHWKRG
WKH\HDUO\LQFUHPHQWDOHOHFWULFHQHUJ\JHQHUDWLRQLVDURXQG
0:KLQWKH&DPSRVVLWH7DEOHWKLUGFROXPQGXH
WRSRZHUH[WUDFWLRQIURPWKHJDVWXUELQHWRGULYHWKHYDSRU
FRPSUHVVLRQHTXLSPHQW
 2Q WKH RWKHU KDQG )LJ  VKRZV WKDW WKH LQFUHPHQWDO
PRQWKO\HOHFWULFHQHUJ\SURGXFWLRQDW*RLDQLDVVLWHLVKLJKHU
WKDQ&DPSRVFLW\)LJZKHQWKHHYDSRUDWLYHV\VWHPLV
HPSOR\HGGXHWRWKHORZHUUHODWLYHKXPLGLW\RFFXUUHGDWWKH
UVWVLWH$OWKRXJKWKLVFRROLQJPHWKRGRIIHUVWKHORZHVWWRWDO
HQHUJ\XQLWFRVW7DEOHWKHHYDSRUDWLYHRSWLRQKDVDQLQIHULRUFDSDFLW\RILQFUHPHQWLQDQQXDOHQHUJ\JHQHUDWLRQZKHQ
FRPSDUHGZLWKWKHRWKHUWZRFRROLQJPHWKRGV
 5HVXOWV VKRZHG WKDW IRU ERWK ORFDWLRQV WKH EHVW FRROLQJRSWLRQLVWKHDEVRUSWLRQFKLOOHUV\VWHPZKLFKSURYLGHG
VLPXOWDQHRXVO\DVXSHULRUYDOXHRIWKHLQFUHPHQWLQDQQXDO
HQHUJ\JHQHUDWLRQDQGDORZHQHUJ\XQLWFRVWLQFRPSDULVRQ
ZLWKPHFKDQLFDOFKLOOHUPHWKRG

WKHJDVWXUELQHORDGFDSDFLW\HYHQDWVHYHUHDPELHQWFRQGLWLRQV
7KHHYDSRUDWLYHFRROLQJPHWKRGSURYLGHGDOLPLWHGWHPSHUDWXUH
GURSEHFDXVHLWGHSHQGVRQWKHDPELHQWZHWEXOEWHPSHUDWXUH
ZKLOHWKHFKLOOHUV\VWHPVRIIHUDODUJHFRROLQJHIIHFW)LJ
 ,QRUGHUWRSHUIRUPDFRPSDULVRQEHWZHHQHYDSRUDWLYHDQG
FKLOOHUFRROLQJV\VWHPVWKHJDVWXUELQHSHUIRUPDQFHZDVWHVWHG
XQGHUGLIIHUHQWRSHUDWLRQDOFRQGLWLRQVDPELHQWWHPSHUDWXUH
DQGUHODWLYHKXPLGLW\$WT0 &DQGI WKH%DVH
&DVHZLWKRXWFRROLQJJLYHVDSRZHURXWSXWRI0:
)LJ $Q LQFUHPHQW RI  0: LV REWDLQHG ZKHQ WKH
HYDSRUDWLYHLVXVHG2QWKHRWKHUKDQGWKHSRZHURXWSXWLV
DXJPHQWHGLQ0:DQG0:IRUWKHPHFKDQLFDODQG
DEVRUSWLRQFKLOOHUV\VWHPVUHVSHFWLYHO\
 ,WLVLPSRUWDQWWRREVHUYHWKDWDQ\FRROLQJV\VWHPUHTXLUH
DGGLWLRQDOFRPSRQHQWV)RUH[DPSOHWKHDEVRUSWLRQFKLOOHU
QHHGVDKHDWUHFRYHU\GHYLFHWRXWLOL]HWKHJDVH[KDXVWHQHUJ\
+RZHYHU WKHVH DGGHG FRPSRQHQWV SUHVHQW DQ LQIHULRU FRVW
ZKHQFRPSDUHGZLWKDODUJHVLPSOHF\FOHJDVWXUELQHHQJLQH
1DMMDU
 7KXVWKHEHVWFRROLQJDOWHUQDWLYHPXVWWDNHLQWRDFFRXQW
VHYHUDOIDFWRUVDVJDVWXUELQHSDUDPHWHUVSRZHUSODQWLQVWDOOHG
FDSDFLW\ ORDG RSHUDWLRQ W\SH VLWH ORFDWLRQ FOLPDWLF FRQGLWLRQVGHVLUHGFRROLQJSRWHQWLDODQGHFRQRPLFIHDVLELOLW\$W
WKLVFRQWH[WWKLVZRUNVKRZHGWKDWFRQVLGHULQJWZRVSHFLHG
%UD]LOLDQVVLWHDQGHFRQRPLFIHDWXUHVWKHDEVRUSWLRQFKLOOHU
SUHVHQWHGKLJKHULQFUHPHQWLQDQQXDOHQHUJ\JHQHUDWLRQZLWK
DORZHUXQLWHQHUJ\FRVW

CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
 7KHYDULDWLRQRIWKHDPELHQWDLUWHPSHUDWXUHVKRZHGWKDWDW
,62FRQGLWLRQVDQLQFUHDVHRI&LQWKHLQWDNHWHPSHUDWXUH
JHQHUDWHVDUHGXFWLRQRILQWKHJDVWXUELQHSRZHURXWSXW
DQGRILQWKHF\FOHWKHUPDOHIFLHQF\)LJ7KHVH
UHVXOWVLQGLFDWHWKDW7,&WHFKQRORJLHVDUHSULPRUGLDOWRHQVXUH

 $XWKRUVDUHJUDWHIXOWR96(9DOH6ROXo}HVHP(QHUJLD
E\WKHQDQFLDOVXSSRUWIRUWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIWKLVZRUN

Table 3. IQFUHPHQWLQDQQXDOJDVWXUELQHSDUDPHWHUV
&LW\

&RROLQJPHWKRG
(YDSRUDWLYH

&DPSRV

$EVRUSWLRQFKLOOHU
0HFKDQLFDOFKLOOHU
(YDSRUDWLYH

*RLkQLD

$EVRUSWLRQFKLOOHU
0HFKDQLFDOFKLOOHU

352

,QFUHPHQWLQDQQXDOHQHUJ\JHQHUDWLRQ ,QFUHPHQWLQDQQXDOIXHOFRVW ,QFUHPHQWLQHQHUJ\XQLWFRVW

>0:K@

>0:K@

>0:K@










43.28










32.02
43.24
53.00

J. Aerosp. Technol. Manag., So Jos dos Campos, Vol.4, No 3, pp. 341-353, Jul.-Sep., 2012

$QDO\VLVRI*DV7XUELQH3HUIRUPDQFHZLWK,QOHW$LU&RROLQJ7HFKQLTXHV$SSOLHGWR%UD]LOLDQ6LWHV

REFERENCES
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J. Aerosp. Technol. Manag., So Jos dos Campos, Vol.4, No 3, pp. 341-353, Jul.-Sep., 2012

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