INTERNAL PARTS OF LEAD ACID BATTERY

INTERNAL CONNECTION OF LEAD ACID BATTERY

Exp. No: 01

Page No: 2

Date:

IDENTIFY THE PARTS OF LEAD ACID BATTERY

Aim: To identify different Parts of Lead Acid Battery
Materials Required: Lead Acid Battery ( 12v,6Ah)

Theory:
Lead-acid cell, which was developed in 1859 by a French scientist called Raymond Gaston
Plante, is the first practical rechargeable cell. The lead acid battery has become one of the most
successful storage battery today due to number of favorable factors like low cost, ease of
manufacture, long cycle life and high energy density.

Lead-acid batteries store energy using a reversible chemical reaction between lead plates
and dilute sulphuric acid (electrolyte).

Lead peroxide as anode, spongy lead as cathode and dilute sulfuric acid as electrolyte.

There are three basic types of lead acid battery - starter batteries: used to start engines in
cars etc, deep-cycle batteries: used in renewable energy applications and camping etc,
and marine batteries: used both for starting and for deep cycle applications.

The most widely used high capacity rechargeable battery.

Typical lead acid battery consists of 6 cells connected in series.

Lead acid batteries with liquid electrolyte usually fall in to one of three classes:
1. Conventional, with filling holes and vents to permit the addition of distilled
water lost from evaporation or during high rate charge or discharge.
2. Maintenance- free, from which gas may escape but water cannot be added.
3. Sealed- gelled electrolyte are used.

Parts of lead acid Battery

a) Container : The container is made of hard rubber which accommodates plates, separators,
electrolyte etc. in it.
b) Plates (electrodes): The active material of positive plate (Anode) of the cell is lead peroxide
(PbO2) and that of negative plate (cathode) is spongy lead (Pb). The plates are made up of lead
grid (mesh) plates and the spaces of the plates are packed with paste of active materials. The
positive plates are so arranged that they are in between the negative plates. So the number of the
negative plates is always one greater than that of positive plates.

c) Electrolyte : Dilute sulphuric acid (Dil.H2SO4) is used as the electrolyte. Usually the proportion
of acid and water is 1: 3.
d) Separators : These are used to prevent electrical contact between positive and negative plates.
Separators are placed in between the plates and the electrolyte should be able to pass through the
separators. They are made up of perforated rubber, specially treated wood, celluloid etc.
e) Cell cover: It is made up of hard rubber and is seated to cover the cell. They prevent spitting of
acid.
f) Vent plugs :It is provided on the cell cover so that the gases formed during chemical reaction is
escaped through this. It is also used for pouring distilled water and acid whenever necessary. The
specific gravity of the electrolyte inside the cell can be measured through this vent hole using hydro
meter.
g) Plate connector: They are made up of pure lead. Positive and negative plates are welded
separately with it forming positive group and negative group terminals. An extension from each
connecting bar forms the terminal pole.
h) Cell connector :One cell is connected to the next by a cell connector to form a battery.
I) sealing compound:It is used to form an acid tight joint between the cover and the container.
j) Ribs and mud houseThere is space provided at the bottom of the plates to collect the deposits of
the chemical reaction. This arrangement is called mud house. Mud house is formed between two
ribs at the bottom of the container.
Procedure:
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Place the battery on a hard surface

Cover your hands with rubber gloves
Remove the vent caps and spill out the Electrolyte safely
Remove the Cell Cover
Disconnect one of the cell connector
Take the cell outside
Identify Plate Connector, Positive and Negative Plates and Seperator
Check the ribs and Mud House

Precautions

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Place the battery on a hard and stable surface like workbench

Cover your hands with rubber gloves
Dont touch the electrolyte with bare hands
Remove the vent caps and spill out the Electrolyte safely
Remove the Cell Cover with care
Use proper tools
Disconnect the cell connector with proper tools

Result:

Studied and identified different Parts of Lead Acid Battery