To Whom It May Concern

This is to certify that Md Hachnayen Ahmed, a student of BSCE program at IUBAT International University of Business Agriculture and Technology has successfully completed his
internship on Construction process of steel building, at I-Mart Engineering Ltd from
15May, 2013 to 15August, 2013. He has submitted a copy of his project report to the Director of
the company. He is permitted to submit this practicum report to IUBAT to fulfill the academic
requirement.

..
Engr. Md. Abu Rayhan
Managing Director
I-Mart Engineering Ltd

Acknowledgement
In the process of preparation of my practicum report, I am very thankful to the Almighty who
made be able to complete my research and the practicum report.
In this connection I would further like to pay my gratitude and respect to certain personalities for
their immense help and enormous co-operation herein.
First of all I would like to pay my gratitude to our respected Prof. Dr. Md. Monirul Islam,
Chair, Department of Civil Engineering, IUBAT, who gave me the opportunity to do the
report on Construction process of Steel building.
Then I would like to pay my gratitude to all the employees of I-Mart Engineering Ltd. who
helped me immensely, especially, Engr. Abu Rayhan, (Managing Director), who allowed me
to conduct my practicum work under his company, afterwards, Engr. Morad (Factory
Engineer) to guide me through my internship period and made me able to understand different
aspects of Steel Building Fabrication and Erection and prepare this report successfully, and
Tanzir Rahman (Finance Officer)for Guiding me about project works and construction
expenditure procedures.
After that I would like to thank my honorable supervisor Engr. Md. Anisur Rahman (TiTU) ,
Faculty, Dept. of Civil Engineering, IUBAT, for guiding me entirely, making me able to be
precise about the report work and be presentable with the required knowledge I have gained
throughout this practicum period.
In fine, I would like to thank our respected Vice-chancellor of IUBAT, Prof Dr. M Alimullah
Miyan because of creating such a wonderful environment for learning through which I got the
opportunity to acquire knowledge under BSCE program, and that will be very helpful for my
ensuing prospective career.

II

Table of Contents
Letter of Transmittal...................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
STUDENTS DECLARATION.................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Acknowledgement ....................................................................................................................... II
Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... V
Chapter-01: Introduction ................................................................................................................. 1
1.1

Synopsis of I-Mart Engineering Ltd................................................................................. 1

1.2

Company Profile at a Glance ........................................................................................... 2

1.3

List of Tools & Machineries used in I-Mart Factory ....................................................... 3

1.4

Materials Specification ..................................................................................................... 3

1.5

List of Approved Supplier ................................................................................................ 4

1.6

Running Project ................................................................................................................ 4

1.7

Company Director Summary ........................................................................................... 5

1.8

Valued clients of I-Mart ................................................................................................... 5

1.9

Finished Projects .............................................................................................................. 6

Chapter-02: Metal Building Terminology ...................................................................................... 6

2.1

Basic Terminology ........................................................................................................... 8

2.2

Recommended Tools & Equipment ............................................................................... 14

Chapter-03: Project Pre-Planning ................................................................................................. 15

3.1

Project Owner/Managers Responsibility ...................................................................... 15

3.2

Designers/Engineers Responsibility ............................................................................ 15

3.3

Prime Contractors Responsibility ................................................................................. 15

3.4

Steel Fabricators Responsibility ................................................................................... 16

3.5

Steel Erectors Responsibility ........................................................................................ 16

3.6

Site-Specific Erection Plan............................................................................................. 17

Chapter-04: Site and Foundation Preparation ............................................................................... 18

4.1

General ........................................................................................................................... 18

4.2

Procedural Steps ............................................................................................................. 18

4.3

Squaring the Foundation ............................................................................................... 18

4.4

Anchor Bolt Settings ...................................................................................................... 19

Chapter-05: Building Delivery and Storage ................................................................................. 23

5.1

Unloading and Preparation of parts for Assembly ......................................................... 23

III

5.2
5.2.1

Handling and Storage of Materials................................................................................. 23

Location of Building Parts.......................................................................................... 24

5.3

Important Notes .............................................................................................................. 27

5.4

Delivery .......................................................................................................................... 28

5.5

Wall and Roof Panels ..................................................................................................... 28

5.5.1

Storage ........................................................................................................................ 29

Chapter-06: Safety ........................................................................................................................ 31

6.1

Health and Safety Management System......................................................................... 31

6.2

Worker Site orientation .................................................................................................. 31

6.3

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) ............................................................................ 31

6.4

Lifting and Handling Loads ........................................................................................... 32

6.5

Housekeeping ................................................................................................................. 33

6.6

Fall Protection ................................................................................................................ 33

Chapter-06: Structural Steel Assembly......................................................................................... 36

6.1

Installing Single Columns .............................................................................................. 36

6.2

Installing Columns in a Frame ....................................................................................... 38

6.3

Installation of Beams ...................................................................................................... 41

6.4

Structural Stability.......................................................................................................... 45

6.5

Walking or Walking surfaces ......................................................................................... 45

6.6

Connections .................................................................................................................... 45

6.7

Bolting and Torqueing ................................................................................................... 45

6.8

Field Welding ................................................................................................................. 45

6.9

Loading and unloading of steel ...................................................................................... 46

6.10

Decking .......................................................................................................................... 46

6.11

Roof Opening ................................................................................................................. 48

6.12

Concrete Slab on Steel Deck .......................................................................................... 48

Chapter-07: Problems & Solutions ............................................................................................... 53

7.1

Problems ......................................................................................................................... 53

7.2

Solutions ......................................................................................................................... 53

Chapter-08: Conclusion ................................................................................................................ 54

IV

Abstract
The Steel Building Manufacturer produces high quality, pre-engineered metal buildings.
However, these buildings become structures only after erection. This report has been prepared
showing the erection of the buildings. It is a summary of the techniques in use in the metal
building industry, which is believed to be most representative of good erection practices. These
procedures and methods are by necessity general in nature. The erector should always,
especially in special circumstances, use proven and safe erection methods. The objectives of
this report are to show the civil engineers responsibility in the erection process of steel
building. Here I have showed the process of steel building erection process maintaining proper
safety & security. Structural stability is a very important thing of steel construction. I have
shown the pre erection procedures. While the building is being fabricated, numerous preerection plans can be made to simplify the buildings erection. Access to the site, Foundation,
Foundation layout has been discussed briefly in this report. Quality installation is essential to
complete the structure to the satisfaction of the building stability. This includes the checking
and success observation during the erection of the metal building also discussed in this report.

C O M PA N Y PR O FI L E
OF
I-MART ENGINEERING LTD.

HEAD OFFICE: HOUSE # 105 (3RD FLOOR), ROAD # 07, SECTOR # 04, UTTARA,
DHAKA - 1230, BANGLADESH. www.i-mart.com.bd

CONTACT NO: +8801612IEL001-10, +88-01714287128.

E-mail: imartengineeringltd@yahoo.com,info@i-mart.com.bd
FACTORY: North Chanpara, Uttarkhan, Dhaka-1230, PHONE: +8801612IEL007.

VI

VII

Chapter-01: Introduction
1.1 Synopsis of I-Mart Engineering Ltd
I-Mart Engineering Ltd designs and manufactures each building individually. Our top priority is
to deliver the most cost effective and highest quality metal building on the market today. Close
attention is paid to engineering and erection detail. This ensures our customers' complete
satisfaction in construction of the building and its durability through the years. For cost effective
reason we can design your pre-engineered building according to any existing standard material
available in the local market. So we are extremely versatile in engineering aspects.

I-Mart Engineering Ltd has been launched to design; manufacture, built and marketing prefabricated steel building in Bangladesh. The building shall consist of all primary and secondary
structural members, connection bolts, canopies, roof extension, sheeting, trim flashing, doors,
windows, fasteners, gutters, downspouts and other miscellaneous item and accessories as
specified, shown or mentioned in this guide. For the premium quality and customized design
solutions, I-mart Engineering Ltd. Its manufacturing plant located at Uttar khan, Dhaka. Due to
this location specific convenience, the factory enjoys several external economies of scale such as
constant supply of industrial energy line, large road transportation hub, availability of physical
labor for labor intensive tasks and finally the availability of industrial security, which is a large
factor in the production of any product or service in Bangladesh. Additionally, the I-Mart
Engineering Ltd beliefs on sustainability have led to a company policy that emphasizes
environment preservation. I-Mart Engineering Ltd work on projects that include experiencing
green cover, reducing effluents and emission, maintaining local ecological and improving long
term coronate sustainability.

1.2 Company Profile at a Glance

Company Name
Address
Telephone

:
:

House #105, Road # 07, Sector # 04

:
:

Uttara, Dhaka-1230
+8801612IEL001-10,+8804475007557info@imart.com.bd,

:
:

imartengineeringltd@yahoo.com
www.i-mart.bd.com

:
:

North Chanpara, Uttarkhan, Dhaka-1230

Private Limited Company

:
:

NCC Bank Ltd.

5021181039

210-201-8931

Floor Area-14,000 Sft

North Chanpara, Uttarkhan, Dhaka-1230., Cell:

+8801612435007

18,00 MT/Year

E-mail
Website
Factory
Address
Type of
Company
Principal
Bankers
VAT
Registration
Number
Income Tax
File Number
FactoryAddress

Production Capacity

I-MART Engineering Ltd.

No. of
Employees

Scope of Work
Board of Directors

Design, Shop Detail, Fabrication & Installation PreEngineered

Steel Buildings.

Engr. Md. NazmulHasan, Chairman

:
:
:

Engr. Md. Abu Rayhan, Managing Director

Umme Salma, Director

PopyBhowmick, Director

1.3 List of Tools & Machineries used in I-Mart Factory

Sl
No
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

Name of Tools and Machine using in I-Mart Factory

Oxygen
Pipe Bender
Weight Machine
Flaring Vice
Gauge Meter
Hammer
Sly Range
Dust Blower
Gas Welding Set
Tool Box
Electric Arc (Welding , Set , Heavy duty)
High Speed (Auto Cutter, Machine)
Scissors (Heavy Size)
Sheet Bending Machine
Drill Press
Bench Grinder
Hand Grinder
Mechanical Auto Saw Machine
Diesel Generator (60 KVA)
LP Gas Cylinder

Quantity
16 Nos.
05 Nos.
02 Nos.
10 Nos.
10 Nos.
20 Nos.
20 Nos.
05 Nos.
02 Nos.
10 Nos.
08 Nos.
08 Nos.
02 Nos.
02 Nos.
10 Nos.
08 Nos.
08 Nos.
01 Nos.
01 Nos.
16 Nos.

1.4 Materials Specification

Sl. No
01
02

03

04
05
06

Components
Primary Members :
Built-up Section
Secondary Members:
Purlin & Girt (M. S.)
Roof, wall Sheeting &
Fascia Sheet.
(Pre-Painted)

Fastener
Standard Anchor Bolts
High Strength Bolts

Specifications
M.S. Plate - ASTM A570 50. Minimum yield strength
=345 Mpa
Rolled Formed steel. Minimum yield stress 250 mpa.
Hi-Tensile 0.47 mm thick Steel Profile Sheets with
min. yield strength of 550 N/mm2 coated with an alloy of
55% aluminum, 45% Zinc, coating mass shall be 150
gm/m2. ZincAlume Steel ASTM A 792M Grade 345B,
AZM 150 Fy = 34.5 kN/cm2
Imported heavy duty Hex head self-taping screws with
new prime seal washer
JIS G3101 SS 400, Fy = 25.00 KN/cm2
A325 M Type 1 Hot Dip Galvanized

1.5 List of Approved Supplier

Si No.

Address

Type of Supplied

1.

Name Of Supplier
BOC Bangladesh Ltd.

2.

Kleenheat Gas

Kawran Bazar C/A,

Dhaka- 1215.

3.

Steel Treams Taiwan

Ltd.

Gulshan-2, Dhaka.

Steel Profile Sheets

4.

M/S Steel Bond Ltd

746, west
shewrapara,Rokeya
Sharani Dhaka-1216.

Steel Profile Sheets,

Fastener, Purlin & Girt
(M. S.), Standard Anchor
Bolts, High Strength
Bolts.

5.

Lee Tsai Steel Ltd.

Walsow Tower, level-1, 21

KaziNazrul Islam avenue,
Paribagh, Dhaka-1215.

Steel Profile Sheets

Tejgaon I/A,Dhaka.

40/Q-1, Jigatola New

Sarak,West
Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1209.

Oxygen
Gas

Steel Profile Sheets,

Fastener, Purlin & Girt
(M. S.), Standard Anchor
Bolts, High Strength
Standard Anchor Bolts,
High Strength Bolts

6.

M/S Haque Engineering

Works

7.

M/S R. Rahman
Hardware

Saidabad, Jatrabari,Dhaka

8.

Khan Filling Station Ltd.

Abdullahpur,Tongi
Diversion Road.

Diesel

9.

DESCO

Banani, Dhaka

Electrical Energy

1.6 Running Project

Sl. No

Location

Project

Area (Sft)

01

New Stair for TM Textiles & Garments Ltd.

3000

VALUKA

02

New Mezzanine Floor for RADIAL

INTERNATIONAL LTD

6000

03

New Mezzanine Floor RADIANT Pharmaceuticals

2000

ZIRANI
BAZAR
GAZIPUR
Tongi, BSCIC

1.7 Company Director Summary

Sl. No.

01

02

Name of Directors

Qualification

Engr. Md. Nazmul

Hasan,

Chairman

Engr. Md. Abu

Rayhan
Umme Salma

Managing
Director
Director- Finance
& Admin

B.Sc. in Civil
Engineering
B.A (Hons) in
English

Director- Supply
Chain

M.B.B.S

03
04

Designation

Popy Bhowmick

B.Sc. in Electrical
and Electronics
Engineering

Year of
Experience
10 Years

11 Years
04 Years
03 Years

1.8 Valued clients of I-Mart

Sl. No
01

Name of Clients

Linde Bangladesh (BOC)

02

Confidence Group

03

TM Textiles & Garments Ltd. Valuka,

Mymenshingha

04

Nitol Motors Ltd, Mohakhali, Dhaka.

05

Jahangirnagar University

06
07
08

Contact Person with Designation

Engr. Md. Khalilur Rahman
Area Manager
Kh. Moallem Abdul Malek
General Manager (Planning &
development)
Engr. Md. Abdul Latif
Senior Manager (Maintenance)
Md. Sultan Mahmud
Manager, Nitol Construction
Engr. AhsanHabib
Asst. Engineer
Engr. Shahidul Islam
Project Engineer
Engr. MdNewajHossain
Incharge, Plant Maintenance

Radiance Group
Radiant Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Gemcon Food & Agricultural Product Ltd.

Engr. Md Kamrul Islam

Project Manager

1.9 Finished Projects

Sl.
No

Project

Area (Sft)

Location

01

Extension of BOC, Bangladesh at Dhaka

2515

02

Consultation for two Storied Steel Building for

Disha Engineering Ltd.

38000

03

Consultation for 80 ft Span Foot Over Bridge at

Chittagong for Multi space Steel Structures Ltd.

04

Consultation for Play Ground over 3-storied

building for Scholastica School at Dhaka for Multi
space Steel Structures Ltd.

4500

Dhaka

05

Inspection Room for TM Textiles & Garments Ltd.

3500

Bogra

07

Roof System for Pacific Button at Tongi

9000

Tongi, BISIC

08

Renovation Work
GARMENTS LTD

44621

Valuka

09

Renovation work for BOC

7000

Tejgoan , Dhaka

10

Extension Work for NITOL MOTORs LTD.

6500

Tongi

11
12
13
14
15

for

TM

TEXTILES

Baro Bari, Gazipur

Chittagong

&

Partition Wall for TM TEXTILES & GARMENTS

LTD
Roof System of Old Microbiology Lab for Jahangir
Nagar University
Steel Building of Container molding Shop for
Confidence Electric Ltd
10.60 , HT Water Tank Tower for TM TEXTILES
& GARMENTS LTD
Steel Partition wall for Confidence Electric Ltd

Tejgoan, Dhaka

VALUKA
2500

Savar, Dhaka

15500

Narayanganj
VALUKA

4500

Narayangonj

Recently Finished Project

Sl.
No

New Mosque Building By Steel Structure For Linde

Renovation

Work

of

AJKER

KAGOJ

BHABON at Mohammadpur for Gemcon Food &

Agriculture Products Ltd.

3
5
6

10

11

12

13

2000

Bangladesh Ltd.
Roof

Area (sft)

Project

Steel Structure of Lift Core Area for RADIANT

Pharmaceuticals.

13000

Location

Tejgoan, Dhaka

Mohammadpur,
Gaptholi
Tongi, Gazipur1710

New mezzanine floor for Radial International Ltd.

Jirani,Savar

Pre-fabricated Steel Structure (Mezzanine) at

Screw Shed of Confidence Steel Ltd.
Supply & installation of 1.80 km surface water
drainage system of tm textiles & garments limited
Canopy on Sewing Entrance of Iron Section
(Canopy 03)for TM Textiles & Garments Ltd.
Canopy (01) of Sewing Building for TM Textiles &
Garments Ltd.

Habirbari,Bhaluk
a, Mymensingh
Valuka,
Mymenshinh
Valuka,
Mymenshinh

Canopy (02) of Sewing Building for TM Textiles &

Garments Ltd.

Valuka,
Mymenshinh

Stair (01 and 2) Renovation Materials for TM

Textiles & Garments Ltd

Valuka,
Mymenshinh

Generator Room For Tm Textiles & Garments Ltd.

Valuka,
Mymenshinh

Making new stair (1 & 2) including, railing & rain

protective shed for TM Textiles & Garments Ltd

Valuka,
Mymenshinh

Chapter-02: Metal Building Terminology

2.1 Basic Terminology
Accessory
An extra building component added to a basic Kirby building, such as a door, window vent, etc.
Aluminized
Aluminum coated steel
Anchor Bolts
Bolts set in concrete, used to anchor structural members to concrete foundation.
Base Angle
A continuous angle secured to foundation to support wall panels.
Base Plate
A shop-welded, pre-punched plate on that portion of a beam or column which rests on the
supporting surface.
Base Channel
A light gauge cold formed channel which replaces the base angle when liner or double sheeted
partitions are required.
Bay End
The Distance between the centerline to the first interior frame to the inside of the end wall panel.
Bay - Interior
The distance from centerline to centerline of two interior columns.
Beam
A structural member who is ordinarily subject to bending and is usually a horizontal member
carrying vertical loads.
Bearing Frame End wall

Frame composed of corner columns, wind columns, flush girts and rafter sections, which is
designed to carry one-half bay loading, also referred to as Light End wall.
Brace Angles/Rods
Angles or rods primarily on Roof and sidewalls or RF (Rigid Frame) or BC (Beam & Column)
buildings for transferring wind force to foundation and aiding in plumbing the structure.
Bridge Crane
A material handling system usually within a building which moves longitudinally on a runway
constructed of rails and beams.
Bridging
Structural members used to give weak axis stability to joists or purlins.
Built-Up Member or Section
A structural member, usually an I section, made from individual web, flange and
base plates by welding them together.
Built-Up Roof
A roof composed of layered felt or jute, saturated with tar, with each layer set by mopping a hot
tar or asphalt.
Butt Plate (or Splice Plate)
The pre-punched end plate of a structural member which usually rests against a matching plate of
another member in forming a bolted connection.
By-Framed Girts
Girts which overlap at outside column flange to form a continuous member. C Section A
member cold-formed from steel coil in the shape of C used primarily in bearing frame end
walls and framed openings.

Camber
A predetermined curvature designed into a structural member to offset the anticipated deflection
when load is applied.
9

Canopy
Any overhanging or projecting structure with extreme end usually unsupported.
Cantilever
A projecting beam that is supported and restrained at one end only.
Caulk
To seal and make weather tight joints, seams or voids by filling with a waterproofing compound
or material.
Channel
An open-ended C shape with no return lips, which may be either cold-formed or hot-rolled
Clip
A plate used for fastening several members together.
Clip Angle
An angle used for fastening various members together.
Closure Strip
Sealant material formed to match either inside or outside wall or roof panel configuration used at
base, eave, rake or accessory locations to provide closure against the elements.
Cold-Formed
Various shapes such as angles, channels, girts and purlins, formed from steel at room
temperature.
Column
A vertical structural member
Continuous Gift or Purlin
Gift or purlin that overlaps at columns or frames to form a continuous member. Continuous
Ridge Vent Series of roof ventilators connected to each other located along roof peak line.
Corner Column
Corner column (usually a C shape) located at the corner of a bearing frame end wall.
Corner Trim
10

Preformed sheet metal trim used to close the junction of side and end wallsheets.

Curtain Wall
Perimeter wall panels which carry only their own weight..
Eave Height
The vertical dimension from finished floor to top of eave strut.
Eave Strut
Structural member at the eave to support roof and wall panels; also transmits forces due to wind
on end wall from roof brace rods to wall brace rods.
Erection
The on-site assembly of pre-engineered components to form complete structure.
Erection Drawings
Drawings prepared specifically for each building, showing piece mark, and location of all
components.
Expansion Joint
A break of space in construction to allow for thermal expansion and contraction.
Fixed Base
A vertical structural member, bolted to and positioned at 900 to a sidewall column to provide
additional base fastening and to prevent column rotation.
Flange
The projecting edge of a structural member.
Footing
A pad or mat, usually concrete, located under a column, wall, or other structural member, used to
distribute loads from the member into supporting soil.
Foundation
The substructure on which a building rests.
Frame
11

Primary structural members, made up of columns and rafters, which support the secondary
framing.
Framed Opening
Opening in a wall, roof or floor that is framed with secondary members.
Gauge
Thickness range of steel (24, 26 etc). Distance between holes punched in flanges, base or splice
plates.
Galvanized
Zinc-coated steel.
Girder
A main horizontal or near horizontal structural member that supports vertical loads.
Girt
A secondary horizontal structural member attached to sidewall or end wall columns to which
wall covering is attached and supported horizontally: usually a cold-formed Z shape.
Gutter
The member used to collect and carry rain water off the roof.
High Strength Bolts
Any bolt made from steel having a tensile strength in excess of 100,00 pounds per square inch
(PSI). Some examples are ASTM A-325, JIS 11.86.
High Tensile Steel
Structural steel having a yield stress in excess of 36,000 pounds per square inch.

Hot Rolled Shapes

Steel sections (angles, channels, I-Beams, etc.) which are formed by rolling mills while the steel
is in a semi-molten state.
Insulation
Any material used in building construction to reduce heat transfer.
12

Intermediate Bay
A Distance between two main frames within a building.Other than end frames.
Joist
Beam for supporting the floor or roof.
Nibbler
Al electric hand tool used to cut steel roof or wall sheet openings.
Parapet
That portion of the wall which extends vertically above the roof line to form a fascia-type
appearance to hide roof slope.
Purlin
A secondary member, usually cold-formed horizontal structural member located in the roof to
support roof panels, that is itself supported by the primary structural framing. Generally, purlins
in Kirby Buildings overlap at frames to form a continuous design.
Rafter
A fabricated primary structural member with parallel flanges that extends from haunch to apex.
Any beam used in a primary frame to support purlins.
(RF)-Rigid Frame
A clearspan structure. Characterized by tapered columns, tapered haunches and rafter beams.

13

2.2 Recommended Tools & Equipment

The following list of tools and equipment is considered adequate for erection of most I-Mart
buildings. Actual Equipment requirement may vary due to differences in building type and size,
jobsite conditions and erection personnel. The list is intended to serve as a recommendation only
and should not be used as a limitation to your inventory of erection equipment.
Sl.No

Name

Qut.

Description

1
2

Screw Guns
Sheet Metal Nibbler

2
1

With magnetic hex socket heads and replacement

drivers sheet cutting tool with replacement Bits
Electric

Power Impact Wrench

With assorted impact sockets 12mm to 36mm

Electric Drill

Heavy Duty, 12mm

Electric Drill

Heavy Duty, 6mm

Electric Screw Gun

Heavy Duty with hex sockets

Electric Power Saw

Heavy Duty with metal & carbide blades

Electric Extension Cords

Sufficient for maximum number of tools used at once

Electric Arc Welder

With leads and extra welding head

10

Portable Generator

Gas driven for electric power at jobsite

11

Gas Cutting Outfit

With hose, gauges, torch & replacement heads

12

Socket Wrenches

13

Spud Wrenches

Sets 12mm drive with assorted sockets and ratchet

drive
Assorted sizes 12mm to 36mm

14

Box End Wrenches

Sets - assorted sizes 12mm to 36mm

15

Open End Wrenches

Sets - assorted sizes 12mm to 36mm

16

Vice Grip Pliers

17

Pop Rivet Tool

Manual and Electric

18

Stapler Gun

With staples

19

Hammers

Shop, Sledge, Rubber

20

Sheet Metal Cutters

Left, Right, Straight

21

Drift Pins

Heavy Duty

22

Hack Saw

With assorted blades

23

Chokers

3/8

14

Chapter-03: Project Pre-Planning

Pre-planning must consider the structures design and constructability as well as the application
of various fall protection systems. Project pre-planning is the responsibility of the:
Project Owner/Manager
Design Engineer
Prime Contractor
Steel Fabricator
Steel Erector

3.1 Project Owner/Managers Responsibility

The project owner/manager is:
A key player in the overall shared responsibility of public and worker safety.
Responsible for ensuring that all organizations involved in any erection.
Projects are fulfilling their safety responsibilities.

3.2 Designers/Engineers Responsibility

The design engineer is responsible for:
Ensuring that the structural design and integrity is consistent with the structures intended
use and that the structure can be erected safely.
The foundation supporting the structure.
Considering the safety of both workers and the public.
Considering the site-specific soil and atmospheric conditions.
Ensuring that a minimum of 4 anchor bolts are on each main structural column.

3.3 Prime Contractors Responsibility

Before erection starts, the prime contractor must provide the following information and
communicate it to the steel erector:
Notice of any repair, replacement, or modification of the anchor bolts for a column
(required before the column is erected) as well as documentation to confirm that the
changes were done in accordance with CSA standards.
15

 Site Layout Testing Requirements.

An overall project schedule that includes coordinating the various building trades.
Adequate access roads into and through the site for the safe delivery and movement of
equipment and workers.
A firm, properly graded, drained area that is readily accessible to the workers and with
adequate space for the safe storage of materials and the safe operation of the steel
erection equipment.

3.4 Steel Fabricators Responsibility

The steel fabricator is responsible for:
Providing detailed connection information to ensure that the structure can be safely
erected.
Providing, where required, safety attachments or anchor points as outlined in project
specification/design documents.

3.5 Steel Erectors Responsibility

The steel erector is responsible for:
Ensuring workers are adequately qualified, suitably trained, and with sufficient
experience to safely perform the assigned work.
Informing the prime contractor about access needs to the site and specific work areas.
Pre-planning work activities to ensure that workers are not required to work under unsafe
or suspended loads. If workers must work beneath a load (e.g., connectors), they must be
informed about the danger.
Developing site-specific work instructions and procedures that identify access and area
needs.
Ensuring that requirements for moving loads over working areas are met. The steel
erector and crane operator must comply with the general and specific requirements of
lifting and handling loads.
Ensuring the prime contractor has provided a report verifying concrete strength.

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3.6 Site-Specific Erection Plan

Prior to starting erection activities, every worker have involved in the erection review the site
erection plan. The following things were included in the Site Erection Plan.
Site-specific hazard assessment.
Making the better understanding of erection drawing and erection procedures for
connecting the structural parts of a skeleton structure
Erection drawings and erection procedures for connection the structural parts of a skeleton
structure were:
Prepared and certified by a professional engineer.
Checked by BRTC.
Made available to and reviewed by all workers before work begins.

Fig: Erection Plan checked by BRTC, BUET

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Chapter-04: Site and Foundation Preparation

4.1 General
Before the prefabricated steel building arrives, the site and foundation should be prepared. This
includes leveling the terrain and constructing the foundation. Steel buildings are typically
designed to be placed on a permanent slab. A concrete contractor is highly recommended for this
phase of the construction.

4.2 Procedural Steps

Trees , rubbish and other items has been removed from site location
Smooth and leveling the ground is done
Constructing the foundation using the recommended materials is made

4.3 Squaring the Foundation

For proper building erection, it is critical the foundation is square. The following examples are
practiced to ensure square foundation.

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Measurement: A same as B C same as D E same as F G same as H

4.4 Anchor Bolt Settings

It is extremely important that anchor bolts be placed accurately in accordance with the anchor
bolt setting plan. All anchor bolts should be held in place with a template or similar means, so
they will remain plumb and in the correct location during placing of the concrete. Check the
concrete forms and anchor bolt locations prior to the pouring of the concrete. A final check
should be made after the completion of the concrete work and prior to the steel erection. This
will allow any necessary corrections to be made before the costly erection labor and equipment
arrives. The following things were insured prior to starting erection:

Anchor bolts were checked according to plan.

Stand columns in place and tighten anchor bolt nuts.
Girts are attached and temporary bracing were installed.
Size, type and position of the anchor bolt were checked.

19

Fig: Basic principles of anchor bolts

20

Fig: Checking of anchor bolts as per drawing (using tape & slide calipers)

21

Fig: Anchor bolt checking before casting (center to center)

22

Chapter-05: Building Delivery and Storage

5.1 Unloading and Preparation of parts for Assembly
The vehicle transporting of building parts must gain access to the building site from the adjacent
highway or road. Such access should be studied and prepared in advance of arrival. All
obstructions, overhead and otherwise, must be removed and the access route graveled or planked
if the soil will not sustain the heavy wheel loads
After unloading the truck and before the driver leaves, ensure that all parts have been delivered.
The following things have been ensured
Each part against the delivery receipt is checked
Each part is marked for identification.
Delivered receipt is signed after successful delivery of each part.
Missing parts are identified with the sales person

5.2 Handling and Storage of Materials

A great amount of time and trouble can be saved if the building parts are unloaded at the building
site according to a pre-arranged plan. Proper location and handling of components will eliminate
unnecessary handling
Blocking under the columns and rafters protects the splice plates and the slab from damage
during the unloading process. It also facilitates the placing of slings or cables around the
members for later lifting and allows members to be bolted together into sub-assemblies while on
the ground. Extra care should always be exercised in the unloading operation to prevent injuries
from handling the steel and to prevent damage to materials and the concrete slab.
If water is allowed to remain for extended periods in bundles of primed parts such as girts,
purlins, etc., the pigment will fade and the paint will gradually soften reducing its bond to the
steel. Therefore, upon receipt of a job, all bundles of primed parts should be stored at an angle to

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allow any trapped water to drain away and permit air circulation for drying. Puddles of water
should not be allowed to collect and remain on columns or rafters for the same reason.

5.2.1 Location of Building Parts

While the building material is unloaded, it should be placed in and around the building site near
the place where it will be used. This is referred to as Shaking Out. While each job will vary
according to the size or site conditions.Placed the parts around the Foundation.

End wall materials were laid out for each end (end column & rafters).
Main columns and rafter at the sides
Nuts and bolts are placed in suitable place (ensuring the easy access)
Purlins and girts, depending on the number of bundles, are usually stored near the
sidewalls clear of other packages or parts.
Sheet packages are usually located along one or both sidewalls off the ground and sloping
to one end to encourage drainage in case of rain.
Accessories are usually unloaded on a corner of the slab or off the slab near one end of
the building to keep them as much out of the way as possible from the active area during
steel erection.
Wall and roof paneling and other components which will not be used in the initial stage
of erecting the steel are placed to the outside of the work area and properly stored and
protected from weather.
Each part is numbered for quick identification

Fig: Planning Map for the location of Building Parts

24

Fig: Placing of Secondary beams

25

Fig: Placing of Angle and other secondary members

26

5.3 Important Notes

During working with the materials unloading or placing I have found some claim. And I have
generated some questions regarding those claims:
The bundle or container in question (if any)
The actual quantity received.
The quantity which should have been received or that which was damaged.
This is important for quickly retrieving the necessary information. Also, the other information
such as numbers, names and addresses should be indicated on claims as well as invoice numbers.
These procedures are primarily for your protection, a shortage discovered later can be caused by
theft, misplacement or other causes and neither the carrier nor building provider can accept
responsibility.

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5.4 Delivery
Company takes every precaution to ensure that material is delivered to the customer damage free
and fully protected from the elements during shipment. When the material is delivered to the
customer it then becomes the customer's responsibility to protect the material from the elements,
possible theft, and other damage. The following guidelines are practiced:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Ensure the band of Bundles during the unloading process.

Lifting of bundles by banding material is strictly prohibited
Lifting is done maintaining the closing distance to its center of gravity
After panel bundles are opened, individual sheets have been handled carefully to prevent
panel buckling or damage to the panel coating.
When removing a sheet from a bundle, rolled off the bundle to prevent scratching of the
next sheet.
Never drag or slide one sheet over another sheet was strictly prohibited.
Lifting of sheets is done along its longitudinal edge and carries in a vertical position.
Instead, lift the sheet along its longitudinal edge and carry in a vertical position.
For 10 long, 3 to 4 people were worked.

5.5 Wall and Roof Panels

Wall and roof panels including color coated, galvalume, and galvanized provide excellent service
under widely varied conditions. All unloading and erection personnel should fully understand
that these panels are quality merchandise which merit cautious care in handling.
Under no circumstances should panels be handled roughly. Packages of sheets were lifted off the
truck with extreme care to ensure that no damage occurs to ends of the sheets or to side ribs.
Then the packages stored off the ground sufficiently high to allow air circulation underneath the
packages. This avoids ground moisture and deters people from walking on the packages. One
end of the package should always be elevated to encourage drainage in case of rain.
All stacked metal panels are subject, to some degree, to localized discoloration or stain when
water is trapped between their closely nested surfaces. We exercise extreme caution during
fabricating and shipping operations to ensure that all panel stock is kept dry. However, due to
climatic conditions, water formed by condensation of humid air can become trapped between
stacked sheets. Water can also be trapped between the stacked sheets when exposed to rain. This
discoloration caused by trapped moisture is often called wet storage stain.
The stain is usually superficial and has little effect on the appearance or service life of the panels
as long as it is not permitted to remain on the panels. However, moisture in contact with the
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surface of the panels over an extended period can severely attack the finish and reduce the
effective service life. Therefore, it is imperative that all panels be inspected for moisture upon
receipt of the order. If moisture is present, dry the panels at once and store in a dry, warm place.

5.5.1 Storage
It was recommended that sheets be stored under roof if at all possible. As sheets were to be
stored outside, the following precautions was observed:
Leveling and location of storied area so as to minimize handling.
In case of bare ground, placing of plastic ground cover under the bundles to minimize
condensation on the sheets from ground moisture.
Marinating at least 12 inches above ground level to allow air circulation beneath the
bundle and to prevent damage from rising water.
Waterproof cover was placed over the bundles to allow for air circulation under the
cover.
Inspecting stored bundles daily and repair any tears or punctures in the water proof cover.
Re-cover opened bundles at the end of each workday to prevent subsequent moisture
damage.

Fig: Storage System of Metal Sheet

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Fig: Placing of Sheet Metal in the site

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Chapter-06: Safety
6.1 Health and Safety Management System
The purpose of a Safety Management System is to identify, assess, and control workplace
hazards. To be effective, the following essential components were done:

Health and safety hazards at the work site were analyzed.

Control measures to eliminate or reduce risks from hazards were taken.
Clearly stated company policy and management commitment
Worker competency and training was done
An checkup program was established

Prior to starting work, all workers have attended a structural steel erection best practices review
for the project. A review document was understood and signed as accepted.
Weekly safety meetings was continued to held and the prime contractor always be kept
informed, in writing, about discussions and issues that may affect safe erection of steel (e.g.,
weather conditions [such as wind], access, site conditions).

6.2 Worker Site orientation

Prior to starting work, every worker attended a site orientation to be informed of and become
familiar with:
Site rules and regulations
Erection plan and procedures
Equipment to be used
Hazard assessment
Work area and emergency procedures (including the rescue plan)
Work areas of other trades and the need to communicate planned work
Activities to them when working in close proximity

6.3 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Personal protective equipment (PPE) refers to protective clothing, helmets, goggles, or other
garments or equipment designed to protect the wearer's body from injury.
The purpose of personal protective equipment is to reduce employee exposure to hazards when
engineering and administrative controls are not feasible or effective to reduce these risks to
acceptable levels.
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 Employers and workers must ensure that this equipment is used whenever a worker is
exposed to the relevant hazard.
All PPE complied with standards referenced in the OSHA.
Additional PPE is supplied as required for various tasks.
Pant legs and laces must be tied or taped to avoid tripping hazards.

Fig: Shearing ideas of safety & security with the workers

6.4 Lifting and Handling Loads

Manual handling of loads or materials by workers was minimized.
Worker lift were provided
Push and pull method was practiced
Proper care taken to carry or handle or transportation of heavy or awkward loads.
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Fig: Lifting & Handling of Building parts

6.5 Housekeeping
All supplies, such as bolts, shims, Dunn age and debris storied in proper containers and
set away from areas where they can pose tripping hazards.
No loose bolt and nuts were leave lying on steel or on ground.
Ongoing cleanup was performed

6.6 Fall Protection

Fall protection was ensured in case of unusual possibility of injury if a worker falls from
above 3m.
Fall protection plan specify the following things.
Fall hazards at work site
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 Fall protection system to be used at the work site

Procedures used to assemble, maintain, inspect, use, and disassemble the fall protection system.

Fig: Safety hamlet & belt

Fig: Worker with the safety equipment

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35

Fig: Workers with the safety equipmentChapter-06: Structural Steel Assembly

6.1 Installing Single Columns

All main structural columns were anchored by a minimum of 4 anchor bolts.

Columns were set on the leveling plates, nuts.
No repair or Modifications were allowed.
Column rigging were attached through a bolt hole in the top of the column in the web or a
beam clip.
Some places choker has been used.

36

Fig: Layout of Column

37

Lower the Column

Placing column on anchor bolts:

Watch for pinch point.

Once the base plate of the column touches the slim, put the washers and nuts on the
anchor bolts.

Plumb the column by tightening the anchor bots.

Check the column for the stability

Placing column on to a steel column or beam:

Watch for pinch point.

Once the base plate of the column touches the connection point, bolt down.

Plumb the column by tightening the connection bolts.

Minimum four bolt were used

Column were checked for stability

Unstable columns were braced necessarily.

6.2 Installing Columns in a Frame

Frames are often referred to as bents.

Lower the frame onto the anchor bolts. Watch for pinch points

Placed the beams, bracing according to the plan to make the large frame.

Always maintain lift capacity

Maintain the good signal to the crane operator

Once the frame is lifted off the ground and the crane has the complete weight, provide the
signal to the operator not to stop the lift until the load settles. Once the load settles,
proceed to signal the crane operator to move the frame into position.

After the base plate of the column touches the shims, put the washers and nuts on the
anchor bolts.

Plumbed the frame by tightening the anchor bolts.

Weight of the frame was released

Plumbing work of anchor bolts was checked.

38

Fig: Check the security of the column before releasing the rigging.

39

Fig: Placing of Column by Crane

40

6.3 Installation of Beams

Beams generally includes purlins and girts

Rigging were attached in the center of load using the appropriate chocker
Signal the crane operator to lift beam
Adjust the crane line (by signaling the operator) to remain above the rigging point of the
lift as the beam is being raised.
After the beam is lifted off the ground and the crane has completed the weight, lift was
stopped until the load settled.
After the settlement of the load, lift operator were signaled to move the crane into
position.
Beams were attached to the supporting structural members (columns) using sufficient
number of bolts
To ensure the structural integrity before weight of load is placed on the connection plates,
sufficient numbers of welding were confirmed.
Columns sufficient load were ensured before installing members.
After checking the structural stability of the member, chocker was released from the
member.
41

Fig: Lifting process of beams

42

Fig: Lifting of beams

43

Fig: Sufficient Welding before releasing the rigging

44

6.4 Structural Stability

Ensure that structural stability is maintained at all times.

No Construction loads were not placed on any steel before framework is safely bolted, welded, or
otherwise adequately secure.
When used, temporary bracing was used and properly installed in conjunction with the steel
erection plan to ensure the structural stability.

6.5 Walking or Walking surfaces

Walking on the coated structural steel were strictly prohibited as it is slipper then the
normal primed steel.
Tried to avoid the shear connector, where possible as that create tripping hazards.

6.6 Connections
During the final placing of solid web structural members, the load should not be released from
the hoisting line until the member is secured with at least two bolts per connection, wrench tight.
Secondary members must have one bolt wrench tight.

Ensure more than two bolts to stability of a connection

During erection, diagonal bracing was secured by at least one bolt per connection.
Wrenched tightened, before releasing load.
Where two beams, framing from opposite sides of a supporting member, share the same
bolts, a clipped connection should be used unless a seated connection is used to facilitate
safe erection.

6.7 Bolting and Torqueing

Always followed the bolting instructions

Inspect bolt bags daily for damage.
Do not leave unsecured objects (e.g., bolt bags, tools, loose steel) at elevations

6.8 Field Welding

Welder was certified, qualified and experienced to perform the work involved.
Welder was employed by the I-Mart
All welding is performed by two experienced persons.

45

6.9 Loading and unloading of steel

Worker always told to stay out of the danger zone whenever moving equipment.

All good, materials and equipment were stacked, storied and secured such a way they do
not flow, move, roll or collapse.

Worker responsibility for stacking, storing or securing goods, materials and equipment
was indicated before.

6.10 Decking

No bundle was packaged or strapping designed for hoisting without any special design.

Loose items always on top of the bundles.

All decking were secured against displacement.

No decking loads were allowed on the steel joist until erectors has confirmed that bridging is
installed and anchored and all joist bearing ends are attached.

46

Fig: Decking Layout Plan

47

6.11 Roof Opening

Metal decks must be installed to meet these requirements:

Roof and floor openings were covered during the decking

process.

All cover was secured.

All holes and opening were immediately covered.

Skylight openings must meet these same requirements.

6.12 Concrete Slab on Steel Deck

Composite Steel Deck Floor System consists of a high strength structural steel deck and a
structural concrete slab with welded wire fabric and additional reinforcing when specified.This
floor system provides economy and efficiency, taking advantage of the composite design of the
steel deck and concrete.

Construction Process

Place all the accordingly.

After placement of metal sheet, shear bolts were welded

with the sheet.

Placing of rods was done.

Then concrete pouring was done.

48

Fig: Check the additional decking

49

Fig: Placing of Steel deck & shear bolts

50

Fig: Placing of reinforcement bar.

51

Fig: Placing of Concrete

52

Chapter-07: Problems & Solutions

7.1 Problems
I have detected some problem during my training period and learnt how to solve those problems.
Two columns were less than their design height up to 1.5 ft.
Problem occurred with the alignment of RCC works.
One sheet was shorter than its original length.

7.2 Solutions
Solutions to the problems discussed above are discussed below:
After discussing with the client we have decided to provide pc (purlin cleat) to increase the
height.
For maintaining the alignment of the Column we have some cutting of RCC works and then
recast.
For sheeting problem, it was not possible to make a new sheet immediately, and we have just
change the sheeting alignment. Providing long sheet where necessary and without cutting or
trimming we just use the whole sheets accordingly. And finally the problem was solved.

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Chapter-08: Conclusion
Steel construction is considered as a process that involves many related activities. The basics of
metal building erection, from the primary structures to the secondary structures, have been
covered in this report. I have briefly encapsulated the basic sequence of events from construction
site planning through erecting a Metal Building. Many other phases, such as mechanical,
electrical, interior finishing and landscaping need to be done to finish and complete most
projects. Although there are many other events, procedures, and essentials that are involved in
the erection of a metal building. Responsible personnel, experienced in rigging and handling
light steel members in a safe manner should complete the layout, assembly, and erection of the
metal building. Improper handling can easily result in injury, delays and unexpected added costs.

54