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Chemical Reactions
Endothermic and Exothermic
Changes
Exothermic
Exothermic&&Endothermic
Endothermic
Exothermic
Exothermicreactions
reactions
Exothermic Reactions
Exothermic reactions increase in temperature.
Examples include:
Activity
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Charcoal burning
A candle burning.
A kettle boiling
Ice melting
A firework exploding
yes
yes
no
no
yes
Exothermic Reactions
45o C
magnesium
Gets hot
Heat
energy
given
out
Hydrochloric
acid
Exothermic Reactions
Energy / kJ)
reactants
much energy
is given out
Energy / kJ
reactants
H=negative
products
H is negative
because the
products have
less energy than
the reactants.
Progress of reaction
Boardworks Ltd 2003
Energy / kJ)
Exothermic reactions
give out energy. There
is a temperature rise
and H is negative.
reactants
H is negative
products
Progress of reaction
Boardworks Ltd 2003
Activity
Endothermic
Endothermicreactions
reactions
Endothermic Reactions
Endothermic reactions cause a decrease in temperature.
Endothermic Reactions
Endothermic reactions cause a decrease in temperature.
Ammonium
nitrate
Cools
Water
Starts 25C
Cools to 5C
Heat
energy
taken
in as the
mixture
returns
back to
room
temp.
Returns to 25C
Boardworks Ltd 2003
Endothermic Reactions
Energy / kJ)
products
H=+
reactants
This is how
much energy
is taken in
This is positive
because the
products have
more energy
than the
reactants.
Progress of reaction
Boardworks Ltd 2003
H is positive.
Energy / kJ
products
H=+
reactants
Progress of reaction
Activity
exo
endo
exo
exo
Using a catalyst
might lower the
activation energy
Energy given
out by
reaction
Reaction progress
Exothermic vs endothermic:
EXOTHERMIC more
energy is given out than is
taken in (e.g. burning,
respiration)
ENDOTHERMIC
energy is taken in but
not necessarily given out
(e.g. photosynthesis)
Burning Methane
CH4 + 2O2
To burn methane
you have to break
all of these bonds:
2H2O + CO2
Burning Methane
CH4 + 2O2
2H2O + CO2
Methane
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Water
Bond energies
C-H = 435 Kj
O=O = 497 Kj
Total for breaking bonds = 4x435 + 2x497 = 2734 KJ/mol
C=O = 803 Kj
H-O = 464 Kj
2734 Kj
3462 Kj
-728 Kj
Activity
Hydrogen peroxide
decomposes as shown:
Bond
Energy (kJ)
H-O
464
O-O
146
O=O
1.
2.
3.
O
H
O
H
498
O
O
O
H
Answer
Bond
Energy (kJ)
H-O
464
O-O
146
O=O
498
O
H
O
H
O
O
O
H
Activity
Copy the summary using the words from the box
to fill in the gaps:
endothermic
exothermic
lose
common
positive
Activity
Copy the summary using the words from the box to fill
in the gaps:
more
endothermic
activation
Burning wood
Reacting an acid and alkali
Reacting magnesium with acid
Dissolving ammonium nitrate in water
products
Energy / kJ
reactants
Progress of reaction