Rapid Literacy in Chinese PDF

NEW
APPROACHES
o LEARNING
CHINESE
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S lN OLlN GUA
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This set of courses is pecially ~esig~ed. with

brand.new approaches for freign students beginning
to learn Chinese. Independt from one another yet
integrated into ! whole , t!tere are t!tree cours~s in this
set: . Intensive Spoken Chinese , The Most Common
Chinese RadicaJs, and Rapid Literacy in Chinese.
Beginning with pinyin only, instead of dealing with
both pronunciation anq character recognition ,
students will find the Spoken Chinese course easy to
master, and will be able to communicate in Chinese n
no time.
The concentrated training in character learning will
enable the student to enter nto the reading stage in
an unprecedentedly short time and taste the
satisfaction. and enjoyment of fluent comprehenson.
In the Radicals book , the students will be attracted by
the rich content of culture and art embodied in
Chinese characters , which , instead of being the
"stumbling blocks" they have often been considered ,
become "magnets" drawng them step by step to the
nnermost charm of the Chinese language.
ISBN 7-80052-695-X
iSBN 7-80052-695-X/H . 1021 ()
9 CE-3418P
24.00
;iIJjyij;
New Approaches to Learning Chinese
Rapid Literacy in Chinese
ijiji
SINOLINGUA
Robert H.Gassmann
Brigitte Klla
JM 'h
inu
.-A
nunu
CAM
.u
dMmd a--n
124
AUQUAU
0UOUAU
ISBN7 80052
- 695 - X
Copyright 2001 by Sino1ingua
Pu b1ished by Sino1ingua
24 Baiwanzhuang Road, Beijing 100037, China
Tel: (86) 10-68995871/68326333
F:(86) 10-68326333
E-mail: hyjx@263.net
Printed by Beijing Foreign Languages Printing House
Distributed by China International
Book Trading Corporation
35 Chegongzhuang Xilu , P.O. Box 399
Beijing 100044 , China
Printed in the People Republic of China
............. ....................... . "6
750
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... ... ...... ...
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20
..........".... .............................. ............................... ....... 28
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.............. ......................... .......................................... ... 40
......... 4
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76
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107
110
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..................,......................." . ..........................114
................ ....... .... ......
116
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136
CONTENTS
Introduction ............ ................."."" "..............."""""""""""""""""""""""" " ..........3
To the User
""""". "",, """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""......................................... 7
750 Frequently Used Chinese Characters

le
25 Constructed Sentences
.........
Lesson One ........................................."""""""""".."""""""""""".."""""".".""""""""".......... 4

Lesson Two """"""""" "".".."""."..""""""."""""""""."""" """"."""""""."""""""""" """,,",,""" ............ 8
Lesson Three ............................................................................................. 12
Lesson Four ................................"."" """""....... .................................16
Lesson Five
..,"""""""""""",,,,",,""""",," "..""""" ",,""",,",,",,",,"",,",,"",,",,"",,"" """"""""""""""""" .......20
Lesson Six ...............
24
Lesson Seven """""" """""""""""""""" ""..""""""""""""""" ..""""""" " .........................28

1sson Eight ....................................................."""".."""""""""""""""""""""""""""". 32
Lesson Nine """"""""""""""""""" """.."""".. """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" ".. 36
Lesson Ten """""""""""""".."""""""""" """"..""""".."""..""""""""""""""""""""" . .........................40
Article
Four Generations Under One Roof .......................................... 45
Lesson Eleven .................. ......... .................. .... ................ . .46

Lesson Twelve ............................................................. ................. ..
50
Lesson Thirteen ........................... ........................................................ 54

Lesson Fourteen ....... ............................................................................. 58
Lesson Fifteen ....... .................. ........................................................ 62
Article
News Report on China
Lesson Sixteen
1sson
............... ........................... .. 67
........ .................................................................... 68
Seventeen ...................... ............................ ............................. 72
Lesson Eighteen ......................... .................. .................................... 76
Lesson Nineteen ............................................ ....... ................ ........... 80
Lesson Twenty ....................................................................................... 84
Lesson Twenty-One ..............
1 1 . . . . 1 1 11 11 11 11 1 1 . . . 1 1 11 11.11 11 11 11 11 11" 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11
Article
Interviewing Bing Xin
Lesson Twenty -Two
11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11
Lesson Twenty - Three

Article
11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11
11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11
The Death of Lao She
Lesson Twenty- Five
..............................................
......................................
Lesson Twenty - Four
11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11
...................88
94
.................98
11 11 11 11 11 11.. 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11
102
......................................................107
11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11
11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11
..........
110
English Translation of the 25 Constructed Sentences ........................... 114

Vocabulary
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Key to the Exercises
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116
136
6
""""""
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"""" "China" ""
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h.oduction
The Chinese language has for too long been perceived as being beyond the grasp of the foreign
leamer. This misconception has been caused , unfortunately , for the most part by an improper
teaching approach.
For several decades the spoken and written form of Chinese have been taught simultaneously to
beginners. There is nothing wrong this approach in teaching Westem languages like French or
English that employ a phonetic system or alphabet as an aid to leaming pronunciation , but it is certainly not the best method for teaching the Chinese spoken language and Chinese characters. The
reasons for this are threefold:
1. Chinese characters cannot be read phonetically. Chinese characters developed from
pic
tographs into ideographs. This means that there is no drect relationship between the form and structure of Chinese characters and their pronunciation. So the hotchpotch teaching of both the spoken
language and Chinese characters at the beginning stage will not help foreign leamers master pronunciation , and the characters will, if anything, only be a stumbling block to their acquisition of oral
fluency.
2. ach
Chinese character is made up of components that follow a specific stroke order and rules
of fornation. So it is logical that the sjmple

plicated component and whole characters.
mponent
be taught first , progressing to the more com-
But in the approach of teaching speaking and writing si-
multaneously, whatever is leamt in the poken language will be followed by a corresponding written
character. Obviously, in this approach the characters are not chosen systematically according to their
structural compositions , and so the rules that govem the writing of Chinese characters are not reflected , making the teaching and leaming of characters only more chaotic and difficult.
3. Chinese characters should form the basis of courses in reading texts. Single syllable characters
can be combined to make various disyllabic or multi-syllabic words. There are unlimited combinations
that can be made by adding characters to change or expand meanings. If you know how to pronounce
some characters, it follows that you will be able to read the word they form.
Knowing the meaning of
certain characters will help you understand the meaning of the word they make. As you leam more
characters , your ability to recognize more words increases. Leaming words thus becomes easier.
Si:nce character recognition determines word
and does not give the characters the place they
desee
thus greatly reducing the efficiency of
teaching Chinese reading.

Our new approach may be summarized as follows:
ln the initial stages of learning, "spoken Chinese" and "character recognition and writing"
should be taught separately.
Teaching materials for oral class use mainly a system of romanization called
H nyu
pinyin.
The students are not required to deal with the characters. There are obvious reasons for this. Learning
to speak Chinese becomes a lot easier using a phonetic system of romanizat on.
When teaching spoken Chinese we start to introduce systematically the form of Chinese
characters: the strokes , radicals (radicals are the basic components of Chinese character and the
structural components. Th ese "stumbling blocks" become much more friendly in this way, and the
students are given a key
the
secret of Chinese characters which will help them greatly in their later
reading stage.
len
proceed to the reading stage by learning to read chllracters. Only when the learner is
able to speak and has learned the form and structure of characters can we begin to teach him how to
read. Texts should be specially designed, focusing on character recognition and word formations , with
the aim of quickly enlarging vocabulary and acquiring
In the reading stage character
leaIling
rding
ability.
should be combined with continuous spoken language
training and reading aptitude training. The texts should be put in the form of dialogues and narrative
prose pieces written with the characters learned in each lesson, so they are very short , and easy to
read and remember. Th e exercises should include comprehensive forms of listening, speaking, reading
and writing that are closely linked and complementary to each other.
What is discussed above can be illustrated as below:
lnitial stage
Second stage
Comprehensive Course
Character leaming: intensive
Oral Course
Learn to use pinyin
trammg
Oral training: application of
Writing Course
characters
Leam the basic

of characters
structuralmponents
Reading: prose , etc.

Writing: characters and sentences
ased on the above design and consideration, New Approaches to Le arning Chinese has been
devised , which includes three textbooks:
Inte.i;ve
Spoken Chinese (oral course )
Includes 40 conversational lessons, about 1, 000 commonly used words and numerous grammatical notes.
TheMt
Common Chinese Radicals (writing course )
Contains about 100 Chinese' radicals and the basic structure of Chinese
Rapid Literacy in
Chine. (comprehensive
character
course )
Uses 750 commonly used Chinese characters and 1300 words formed from them to make 25 short
sentences, 25 conversational dialogues and four narrative prose pieces.
Beginners who have completed lntensive Spoken Chinese and The Most Common Chinese Radicals
can proceed to
Rrpid
Literacy in Chinese. 50 by going step by step they will feel that leaming Chinese
is not difficult at all. Furthermore, there s much that can be leamed about Chinese culture from
Chinese
character
besides their a1luring charm and fascination.
Zhang Pengpeng
30 25 750 :
30 30
:()
30
30
To the User
The aim of this comprehensive course is to quickly enlarge students'
vocabulaI.
It is designed
for students who have learned pinyin and the basic structural components of characters , preferably
having completed Intensive Spoken Chinese and The Most Common Chinese
Rqdicals.
ls
textbook
consists of five parts: character learning , word formation , oral training , character writing and
reading.
1. Character learning
The texts start with concentrated character learning: The student is expected to learn 30 new
charcters
in each lesson, for a command of 750 characters after finishing the 25 lessons of this book.
The character learning part has been designed in accordance with the following five principles:
Combining the characters into a sentence
As it is rather difficult to remember 30 isolated characters, in each lesson they are combined into
one sentence which forms the major text. By memorizing just one sentence, the student thus learns all
the new characters in the lesson.
Short sentences, containing as many new characters as possible.
As the Chinese characters are hard to read and pronounce and one can remember the sound only
after repeated reading, short sentences help to make this task easier. The texts are designed by using
as few "old" characters as possible , keeping the repetition of characters to a minimum, so that the
students can read and recite the texts repeatedly in the shortest possible time.
The sentences are closely related to daily life.
It has been shown that after a character or a word has been spoken in an oral class , it is easier
for one to perceive and pronounce at this stage. H the content of the sentence is similar to that of
everyday speech, it will be even easier to remember the sound of it.
The pronunciation and meaning of both the characters and the words they form should be
introduced at the same time.
Only commonly used characters are chosen.
All of the characters chosen here are the ones most frequently used in forming common words and
phrases.
2.
Word formation
After introducing the 30 new characters , each text proceeds
provide
30 commonly used words
formed by them 9n the left side of the second page in each lesson.
3. Oral training
This section can be found on the right side of the second page in each lesson. The oral texts are
closely related to daily communication and are compiled by incorporating newly learned characters.
This part is prepared for reading aloud, and can also be employed for
4. Character writing
Since the student has acquired the basic knowledge of how to write characters in the radicals and
components course in the first stage, in this book the new characters are clearly shown at the bottom
of the second page in each lesson, enlarged, for students to copy and practice.
5. Reading
Starting at Lesson 10, there is an atricle after a few lessons. This is for the student to review the
characters already leamed and also provide a transition from ch"aracter leaming to reading, which is
the ultimate aim of character leaming.
To make study more convenient, the 30 newly introduced
the word formation and oral training
pa in
character
the single-sentence text,
each lesson are all accompanied by aural cassettes. Also
provided in the book are the unsimplified character versions and the English translations of the single-sentence texts, as well as the grammatical notes in both Chinese and English. They can be used at
the teacher' s or the student' s discretion.
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-t
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AU
02
03
"? "
04
:
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"
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05
06
""
07
08
09
O
10
11
12
13
14 :
"! "
15
16
"
17
18
19
20
21
22
"7!! "
23
24
25
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
yl
one
two
sn
three
sl
four
fve
li
SlX
seven
eight
ji
nlne
10
sh
ten
11
l, me
12
woman, daughter; female
13
png
'iiend
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
yu
friend
sh1
he
ni1
year
month, the
wlil
May
rshb
twenty eight
snshs1
thty four
n pngyou
girlfriend
pngyou
yjiini1
in 1967
chshng
hehom
jnnin
this year
xngq
week
xngqtin
Sunday
'iiend
m'11
i ] ho
numher,
ch
go out
shng
give hiJth
de
(a stnIctural pazie)
jn
today, now
a mark
t. grow; h;
raw
[] su1
year (of age)
[] zh
this
[] g
(a measure word)
xng
star
a period of tim.
tIn
d sky
she
tde
her
rl
day, sun
shngrl
hiJthday
phase
heaven
Wnpngyu
shl yjiiq ni1 wliyu rshb ho chshng de , jnnin sIshs1 s zh g xngqtin sh1
t de shngrl.
O
4
:;
fo.
SL
seventy
eighty
ninety
January
ary
March
April
May
June
August
5'temher
Octoher
Noveer
Decemher
tI1day
esday
Wedne.y
Thursday
()
O
iday
Saturday
Sunday
te
today
e'lJ'day
every month
eve. year
my; mine
emon
three years
--
- --
()
O O
||
|||.|
||
--
.-
||||| ||
5
:
le
order of the date is written as follows: the year, month , date and day , e. g.
""
"":
When used attributivelyshow possession, a noun or pronoun usually takes the structural particle after it.
When placed between a personal pronoun and a noun indicating personal relations may be omitted, e. g.
"":
A sentence in which the main element of the predicate is a noun, a nominal constructon or a numeral measure
word is called a sentence with a nominal predicate. The verb is a rule , not used in a sentence of this kind ,
e. g.
"... .. ."""(
"") "":
is used in a sentence to emphasize the time , place or manner of an action which took place in the pL
is placed before the word group that is emphasized ( may sometimes be omitted) and comes after the verb
or at the end of the sentence, e. g.
"":
When the demonstrative pronoun functions as an attributive , the noun it qualifies also takes a measure word
before it, e. g.
Choose a correct position:
1. A B C D
2. A B C Do
3. A B C D
Choose a correct answer:
1.-
A.
B.
C.
D.
2.
A.
B.
C.
D.
3.
D.
qh1MA
"U
OQJ
wng
{a sumame} , king
xlUn
ellllier;
wi
{a measure word}; place
not;
chng
often; ordinazy
yu
have; ere 1S
jing
pass through
frst; hefore
WI01 {ahhr.
4A
'A
USA
[.] yn
eXBmlne
nn
male
lo
old; always
[]
shi
teacher
EA
"
:i!:.
4Atiti--
capital
b eldest
fichng
vezy
jingyn
e>enence
loshi
teacher
Bijing
Be
dxu
umveIy
lixu
study ahroad
gngzu
WOI;
study; learning
gng
WOI
zu
do
he
gentleman
for Afiica}
north
Jlllg
oonynu'1
1122
he at, in
[] xu
xinsheng
34567bi
joh
[] zhun
pecial
jio
teach
jio
teaching, religion
jioshi
teacher
remain, keep,
lixushng
student
[]f
practJCe
xux
study
[]
xin
present; appear
di
histoIical penod, generabon
xindi
modem times
hn
the 'n natJOna.iy
Hny
the 'inese
sh
caUigraphy
3A
2222
22223
[]
IOOOYAU
[]
language
and
[] sh
hook; nie
method, law
accep. leave
stu.ingahroad
language
Wng xinsheng sh y wi fichng yu jingyn de nn

lixushng xux xindi
1os
zi Bijing Dxu
gngz
t zhun jio
H h shf
;\
\ /\
often
requen~
perennial
.Jd age
some
iend
teacher
teaching
teachi method
student
academic
school year
semester
nozmal university
()
d.
StIhheofHqm
EYDynasty
()
now
his
teacher's
student's
way (of action)
grammar
French
Japanese
French hook
Chinese hook
Japanese hook
one teacher
O O
'
three friends
"":
When a noun is used to modi another noun, it usually doesn' t take after it, e. g.
"":
An adjective construction, when used attributively , must take after it , e. g.
a.dj
"":
le preposition together with its object , forms a prepositional construction, which is often placed before the
verb an
adverbial a unct e. g.
nv-bu
:
lere
is a kind of sentence with verbal predicate in whichthe object of the first verb is at the same time the suect
of the following b e. g.
(S)
Some verbs can take two objects , an indirect object (usually referring to a person) and a direct object (usually
refe ng
to a thing) , with the former preceding the latter, e. g.
When an adverbial adjunct denotes the time of an action, it can be put before the
10
LU Avm
su ect
or verb , e. g.
1. A 8 C D O
2. A B C D
3. A B C D
4. A B C D
1.
A.
B.
C.
D.
2.
A.
B.
C.
D.
3.
_0
A.
B.
C.
D.
11
1
2
3
4
5
6
7 "
8 []
9
10
if, as; he as good as
gu
resu1t, fmit
nl
you
not, no
zh
know; knowledge
do
say; road,
ZE
we or us {including hoth the >eaker and the listener}
men
{suRx for plural numher}
znmen
we {including the listener}
schI
xuxio
schI
sh
fof;
shtng
canteen, mess h aU
Cltng
dining haU
fw
serve
fwln
w81ter, server
shnme
wha
mngzi
name
kyl
can, may; passahle
xioji
Mis
Nn gulxlng? May 1 ask your sumame?
Taoim
rgu
if
zhdo
know
eat
11
tng
a haU fora
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
cn
mea/
[]
tng
haU
clothes; ohey, serve
[]
air;
[]
yun
a person eng.ed in some activity
jio
call, shout
he
pecific
purpose
en/Jied in
shn
[]
me
{suBix }
mng
name, title
zl
word, character
ji
then, as
can, may, approve, hut
yl
use, take; according to
[]
wn
ask
xi
smaU
ji
elder sister
nn
you {repectful fonn}
[]
gul
expensive, va/uahle; your
xlng
sumam familyname
s'l1
which
as, at once, only
"? "
Rg u nl b zhdo znmen
xuxio
shtng h cntng
fyun
jio shnme
m zi
ji kyl wn tmen:
"Xioji nn gulxlng ?
:
12
"?"
": 3
: J
henot
do not teach
do not leam
do not stu
do not ask
not as good as
.?
do not work
""""
we, us
you
they
they (fema1e)
teachers
students
friends
teacher
church
""0
Taoism
.?
famous
celehrated
full name
.?
inese character
hut
.?
va1uahle
leaming
knowledgeahle
question mark
primary school
.?
schoolchild
children
size
elder sster
eldest sster
()
?
""
""
.?
()
.?
0
.
||! |
|||
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13
A question with an interrogative pronoun has the same word order as that of a declarative sentence , e. g.
():
An
affirmative-negative tion
is another form of question, which is made by juxtaposing the affirmative and
negative forms of the main element of the predicate (the predicative verb or adjective) , e. g.
qF-nr
"":
When used attributively, a verb or a verbal construction must take after it the structural particle e. g.
VO
"":
When an adjective or such a phrase is used for the predicate, the
fS
"":
The holping verb is used before verbs , e. g.
"":
A sentence is used as the object of the verb e. g.
(S
0)
14
verb is
not used, e. g.
1. A B C D
2. A B C D
3. A B C D
4. A C D
1.
A.
B.
C.
D.
2. --
A.
B.
C.
D.
3. ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
15
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
zhng
centre, middle
[]
gu6
country
sh
ripe, cooked, done, familiar
Xl
know
man,
jin
see
min
face, Dour, side
jinmin
meet
make, hit
d zhohu
say hello, greet
zho
heckon, recroit
zhohu
call
jishang
on the street
yjin
meet
Zhnggu6
~il1a
shxi
know sth. or sh. well,
persOl people
he famiHar
10
11
shout, hreathe out
Jl
street
12
shng
13
meet
14
15
16
17
18
19
[]
sh
lime, moment
hu
time, seasoni wait
shhou
moment
z~n
how
bz~nme
not
{]
Hke, love
{]
shu
Speak
g kind
nI ho
hello
ho
toHke
zu
most, -est
xI
he fond o/,
[]
hun
meny
xIhun
toHke
which
[]
child, soni (a suDx)
nr
where
go
(a modal parlicle)
11f.
chi
eat
[]
fn
meal
le
(a modal particle,' an a'ct PBI.Je)
lio
nish,
ma
(a modal PBI;cle)
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
higher; moun go
to
ve
talk
h.ppy
set i
(used after a
VeI )
to a nish
30 I
[]
!":
"
"?""? "
Zhnggu6 shxi de rn jinmin zhohu h zi ji shang yjin de shhou bz~nme i shu: "! "
zu xlhun wn : " NI shng nr q
? Chi fn le ma ? "
! ":
16
"? ""?"
"
inese
middle school
goahnd
France
.?
40 60 (J9
the
good person
hushand or
acquaintance
worker
adult
/ p.G.
.?
the noJthem side
written language
street -
O ?
ove" more
hour
.?
sometJmes
time>ch
novel
how, why
best
.?
smallest
like
lovahle
delicious
he easy to
last year
here
have asked
known
meal
eldeJ
()
.
w.
O ?
. O
()
than
()
O
.?
lem
17
"......":
"" is a common construction denoting time , meaning
preceded by a verb , a verba1 construction or
suect - predicate
construction, e. g.
(V 0 ) T
"when" or "at the time of' . It is usually
"! "
""" mi () " "":
When the moda1 particle is added at the end of a sentence , it indicates a change in circumstances. le
negative form is made by putting () before the verb and is omitted , e. g.
()
":
When the interrogative prticle is added at the end of a declarative sentence, it becomes a question, e. g.
Two or more verbs can share the same subject , e. g.
s V
"":
le adverb can modify an adjective or a verb , e. g.
'rb
'
a-
"":
e adverb may be used to confirm what has been stated previously or to emphasize a statment, e. g.
18
1. A B C D "! "
2. A B C D
3. A B C D
4. A B C D
1."? ":
A.
B.
C.
D.
"
"
2. ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
3.
A.
B.
C.
D.
19
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
[]
c6ng
'lIl~
mng
hrigh c1ear
[]
ki
open, stazt
shI
ever
mngtin
tomoITOW
heginning; hh
kishI
hegin
mei
eve"
meitin
every day
zo
moming,
zoshang
mommg
[]
din
c1ock point drop
q din
seven 0'c1ck
a quazter; carve
y k
a quazter
du
all
10
11
y!o
want, ask for, need
[]
ne (an animal or hicycle)
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
z}
se/f; ivm
xng
wlk;
[]
ch
vehic1e
zlxngch
hicyc1e
d!o
a177ve, go to
shl
room
ji!osh
classroom
{]
course, c1ass, 1esson
19k
go to c1ass
[]
li!n
practice
[]
utter, send out
fyn
pronunclation
kwn
text
dnc
word
tngxi
dictate; dictation
19
[]
20
21
22
23 [j]
24 []
25 []
26 []
27 []
28
29
30
[]
10 ago
all right
hair
yn
sound
ni!n
read aloud
wn
writing, aztic1e
jl
rememher, note
dn
sing/e
word
tng
listen
xie
wnte
hu
retum,
rep1y, answer
hud
answer
proh1em,
wnt
question, proh1em
answ time
su;ect
C6ng mngtin
ni !n
kw
jl
kishIitin
zoshang q
drngxi
di y
k w du
y'o
q zxngch d!o ji!oshl sh !ngk, li fyn
hud wnt,
20
Q...
()
star
drive a car
JEE
231
lMSEF
next year
sch/ >ens
>en
every month
hrea.M
.?
alittle
a little, some
i n
case
get on a hus
exercl5e
"1
discover
class n
inese
.?
inese
French
.?
Japanese
qomposllJon
literature
()
heard 0/
hear
pleasant hear
.?
ask ahout
pronunciation
. O
umt
O O
new word
noun
pronoun
retum to homeland
go hack
goup
'? O
21
There is a kind of sentence in which the first verb indicates the manner of the action expressed by the second
||||!
-A
verb, e. g.
""""
"":
Verb denoting action can be repeated. This device is usually employed when one wishes to indicate that the action
is of a very short duration, to soften the tone of a sentence or to make it sound relaxed or informal, e. g.
v v
""
"":
le objects of the prepositions and J are usually wordsphrases denoting place or time, e. g.
N
"""":
A sentence is used as the object of the verb and e. g.
S V
(S
0 )
""""""
In the sentence below means the same as .- constructions of this kind, composed of
a subject and a verb plus are nominal constructions.
(S V )
V 0
()
()
22
1. A B C D
2. A B C D
3. A B C D
4. A B C D
1.?
A.
B.
C.
D.
2. ""?
A.
B.
C.
D.
3.
A.
B.
C.
D.
23
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
{]
hu
hehind, after
xi
heloH down.
noon
ch
di1iT
fn
minute;divia; (8
[]
zhng
clock, heU
too, a/SO
[]
zh:n
aUoH grant;
[]
bi
prepare
8gmn, once more
gn
with; foUow
bn
class
[]
jI
8 few; how many
t6ng
hutin
day after tomolTO W
xiw
aftemn
fnzhng
minute
zh:nbi
intend, prepare
bnshang
in the class
together; same
t6ngxu
classmate
qI
start, rise
ylqI
together
zu
Slt
zu
rent
chz
hire ouf; taxi
ql
Vour
qlch
automohile
dl
18nd, soiJ,
de
(8 structura/ particle)
hoho de
aU out, weU
[]
lron
dlti
suhwa) metro
xn
new
sh
world
ji
houndary
shji
world
shng
commerce; discuss
din
shop, store
shngdin
shop
[]
huy
xi
some
hu6
live; movahle, quick
shnghu6
life; live
yng
use
pln
article
yngpln
articles for use
next
from; short o/,
had wr
measure
woJ
certainly
steam
fell
""
Hutin xiw ch
wu fnzhng 5 din,
t yi'i zi gn bnshang de jI g t6ngxu yqI zu chzqlch
h dlti q "Xnshlji" shngdin mi xi shnghu6 yngpln.
""
24
the year after nexl
al the hack, hehind
Qiier
lrom nowon
.?
n 1as
nish c1ass
gel oul 01 a car
go down
nexl week
.?
once
fortmn
noon
.?
1unch
'c1ock
a quarter
on time
al the same lime
.?
prepare 1essons
good
a lew minutes
give a name
can '1 afford 10 eal
New Year
pass away
husinessman
engage in de
commodity
d81 81'c1es
usage
.?
hole1
hookshop
@?
()
""?
O
0
.?
.!
som certan
'
()
25
;'"
:
Ways of telling the time (hour) , e. g.
8:
05
8:
30
8: 45
8:
15
8:
40 -
8: 55
Ways of telling the duration of time , e. g.
A complement of duration placed after a verb shows the duration of an action or a state, e. g.
A verb can be repeated following its object. The repeated verb is followed by a complement of duration, e. g.
lS
"":
le
prepositional construction and its object are often used in front of a verban adverbial adjuI
e. g.
S P
adv V
""
"":
is ud tok ut a number smaller than ten.
JL can be also used to indicate an unspecified number, e. g.
26
1. A B C Do
2. A B C:
" D "
j~
3. A B C Do
4. A B C D
1.?
A.
B.
c.
D.
2.
A.
B.
C.
D.
3.
A.
B.
C.
D.
27
hn
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
gng
metric, public, male
Jn
(a 'inese unit of weight:O.
shuI
wa'er
[]
shng
pair, double
skin, leather
xi
shg
[]
ling
two
zh
(a measure wo); prop l
10
[]
gng
steel
11
[]
hI
pen
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
hen
(a measure word); lx ongin
[]
mixf
zhl
records
[]
tio
(a measure wa); s
mi1
cotton
mo
w>l
kg)
(a unit ofmoney: 1 yuan)
gng)in
k I10gramme
shulgu
froit
pxi
leather shoes
gnghI
pen
z11
m(fazme
mok
long woolen pants
minmok
tton
[]
trousers
ji
(a measure word)
[]
yn
motion;
[]
dng
move, act
yndng
'JOn
clothes
yndngyi
onswear
[]
zhn
(a measure waJ; 'to n
[]
do
lead, guide
y6u
swim, travel
doy6u
guide
[]
m~
doy6ut
unstmap
gng
altogeer
qi
thousand
hi
hundred
[]
kui
fe basic unif money = yuan) , piece
30
(interlock) trousel
tran'JOrt
p /Cture
common
Bn gngjin shuIgu, yl shung pxi , ling zh gnghI, . sn hen zz
s1
tio mimo
w jin
yndngy , li zhng doy6ut , gng ylqin snhi kui.
28
haffada along tme
halfayear
three irty
()
halfan hour
.?
hus
O O
civil servant
centimelre
soda r
.iledwa.r
shoestore
twoo'clock
twoyears
twomonths
wrtng hrosh
notehook
penname
Japan
e'J8y
.?
COIIllde
n.es
condition
clothing
woolcloth
upper outerg817Dent
overot
.rtsman
acty
verh
mP
common
ina
()
.?
0
.?
together
.?
()
29
A numeral alone cannot function as an attributive but must be combined with a measure word inserted between
the numeral and the noun it modifies, e. g.
"":
Every noun as a rule has its own specific measure word. of all the measure words is the most often used. It
can be placed before a noun denoting a personing or place , e. g.
"""" "2" """":
Both and mean two. Before a measure word is normally used instead of e. g.
""""
"":
is a measure word showing an indefinite quantity and is usually used after or to modify nouns, e. g.
.,
"":
Usage of for example:
30
(30 )
(18 )
(45 )
(90 )
1. A B C D
2. A -B C D D
3. A B C D
4. A B C D
1.?
A.
B.
C.
D.
2.
A.
B.
C.
D.
3.
A.
B.
C.
D.
31
zu
yesterday
wn
eveni.. nl't;
[]
li
two persons
yu
agam
{]
huF
thirsty
fn
(a measuro word)
f ]y
fish
Xlang
8lJIant ppetizing
10
ru
meat
11
[]
12
[]
pn
plate; (a measuro
13
plain; vegetahle, element
14
cho
stir-fry
15
kng
emp( hoUow
kng
leave empty or hlank
late
a throad-ile ;ect
yu..
xing
rus
shrodded meat
kngr
fee
kngxnci
ter pinach
lngpnr
cold dIsh, hors d' oeuvn
(coo/ced) rice
pjil
heer
.yu
hoth... and..
ish-smelling", hot
waj
time
16
,\.;
xn
heart, cenlre
17
ci
vegetahle, course,
18
lng
cold
19
w1
howl; (a measuro word)
20
mI
nce, metro
21
drin/c
22
hi
cup; (a measuro
23
[]
hot,
24
ch
tea
25
png
hottle, vase, jar
26
27
jil
a/coholic wine
28
hu
'1";'I1d
29
sho
fe little;
30
[]
qin
money, cash
dI:
waJ
he.t
lac/c
Zuwn wmenli yu yu
wn mIfn, hle ling hi
ch
yole
fn xins
w png pji
yl
P s
ch.o kngxnC,i , y g
lngpr
ling
huwe bsho qin.
32
'C
2(
yesteroay
r11t
dinner
.?
old ge
month
the Oesh of fish
me
have time
.""""
'etahle dish
fried dish
'T dishes
vegetahle shop
.?
menu
Chinese meal
French meal
.?
centre
m 'e heart
rice
nice to dniJk
tea c
cup
wine hottle
large restaurant
Oower
Oowershop
Oower vase
scented tea
!I1d
one yuan
two mao
()
()
|||||||||
|| i ||||||
|||||||||
33
..""":
meaning" a bit ", is often used adverbially before certain adjectives and verbs to indicate a slight
degree of something. is often used after certain aectives and verbs , e. g.
v-
n-
adj (V)
FU-
"":
As an pect icle comes after a verb, indicating that the action expressed by the verb has already been
done, e. g.
..":
Examples of the usage

adj
of :
(V)
adj (V)
..""":
is a poter1 complement.
It is formed with the structural particle inserted between a verb and
The negative is formed by replacing with e. g.
""
.."
.."
""
V )V
"":
Uge of the measure words and e. g.
34
Elt~is
A B " C Do "
2.
A B: " C D? "
3.
A B C D
4.
A B C D
Choose a co'ect answer:
1.:
""
A.
B.
C.
D.
2. i'll:
A.
B.
C.
D.
""
3.
A.
B.
C.
D.
35
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
ln
fres
{a sumame}
sh
uncle
Jl
fami
ku
mouth
zhen
rea} rea.
du
many, much
[]
shshu unc1e, chI1d' s fnn ofaddress for any
home pelist
young man one generation its senior}
rnku p1u1ation
da d, father
dad
mum, mother
mma
mum
ge
elderhroer
gege
elder hrother
10
so
e~T hrother's
11
zl
chi1d, {suJlix }
sozi
elder hrother's wife
12
you"lJer hrother
ddi
younger hrother
13
mi
younger sister
mimei younger sister
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
lng
another
wi
outside
llngwi hesl moreover
ancestor, grandfther
Ier
mi
mother
zmi granmther and grandmother
ne
{a modal rie}
qi1
frward, hefre
hefre frmel
[]
jn
anny
[]
du
team
jndu
anned frces, troops
[]
gn
do
{]
gn
empty
gnbei dnnk a toast
pa.
unit
gnb
cadre
yl
alrea
yljng
tu
retreat, retum
X lU
res
tuxi
retire
hn
[]
chng
long; length
zhng
chief; grow; older
bzhng mlnister
jin
time
shjin
24
25
26
27
28
29
301
{]
st.~
wif
mInistry
cease
vey
or Ulce
lime
Ln shshu ji rnku zhen du , yu bba, mma, gege ,
sozi
ddi h mimei.
L ngwi , t zifmi ne,
ylqin sh jndul gnbu, ying tuxi hn chng shjin le.
O
36
country
man ollcttcrs
veyho
houschold dutics
cn
VOl acccnt
how many (much)
how
()
languagc
howlong
similar
.?
.?
nC81
son
norek
c'. glass
hottlc
platc
hcight, sizc
.?
fonn, list
ahroad
101'/1 country
() loreign languagc
()
@?
.?
?
ou
nicknamc
O 0
onc 's country
.?
grand1thcr
grandmothcr
day hcfore ycstcrday
.?
thcycarhe.relast
[b.njpart
O 0
among; middlc
timc, pcriod
|| j
|||
|| i
37
"":
ltl
modal particle is used after a noun or pronoun to indicate an alternative interrogation, e. g.
?
?
"":
The modal particle can also he used to mark a pause, e. g.
"""":
To show at an action is in progress, either place the adverb before the verb or put at the end of the
sentence. is very often used together with to express the progressivepect e. g.
""""
"":
le adverb often goes hefore monosyllabic adjectives such ask about degree or extent, e. g.
"".."
:
as an approximate indicator of numher cannot stand alone , but must be used after an integer to show the re-
mainder of the figure. may he used hetween a measure word and a noun, or after a noun which functions as a
measure word, to express the remainder of a rolmd figure , e. g.
38
(over one month)
(a little over an hour)
(over one ye)
(a little more than one day)
JJ
/
J(
1. A B C D?
2. A B C D
3. A B C D
4. A B C D
1.
A.
B.
C
D.
2. ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
3. ?
A.
C.
D.
39
'i
FM
UA
J
U
''
hi
child
trng
ve Sjght; eIt
bo
hug, chersh
[]
hear, rely on
[]
sht
he hom in the year o/, helong to
yng
sheep
[]
hi
still,
hun
give hack
5t.
mi
not, not have
[]
bl
nish, accomplish
f81
h6izi
child
yu bofu
have high
a.pirations
also
89012345678901234567890
111111111122222222223
y
course of study h
[]
bly
graduate
koshl
exammatlon, test
gngk
schoolwoI
achievemen. meni
chngjl
result, achievement
fault; wrong
hcu
COITeCt, rght
jingli
future
mathematics, numher
lr
physics, reason
hu
chemistry;
klo
take an examination; test
[]
shl
eve each
{}
mn
(a measure word); door
qdcapeunFLH
ndbE
[]
test
hecome; result
will, take, he ahout to
[]
[]
changtm
mert, result, work
[]
hlIU
sh
[]
come
xi19
want to, think
glo
r1
so, rght
zlr1
nature
a hranch of academic study
kxu
sClence
y6nji
research
ynjiYll
research
[]
--
m-
Juvd-P
GU
get
he; just at
grnd,
stu
investigate
JUow
Zh hizi trng yu
bo
sh y19
jing li xilng glo zlr kx
dxuhimi bly,
shlrhu loshl
g mn gngk chng jl du bcu,
dngy~in.
40
child
.?
hoy
still
O O
not had
.
!?
in'stIy
commerce
forestIy
.?
homework
Jeciality
age
.?
maematcs
chemisl
culture
ral
test
.?
wntten test
entrance
department
.?
mlSS
ideal
reason
man-er
haircut
.?
scnce
liheral arts
surgery
undergraduate
.?
come up
at all limes
afterwards
.?
then, after that
student
~duate
of course
||
||
||
41
"":
An altemativelestion is one fO mIed of two statements joined by suggesting two altematives for e person
addressed to choose from , e. g.
?
?
"":
is used connect two actions that follow closely one another, e. g.
S-vo
... ...":
indicates
that an action will soon take place, e. g.
v 0 !
" (lio) ":
The
verb (lio) is often used as a potential complement indicating the possibility of an action, e. g.
()
()
'()
"":
The modal particle can be used at the end of a question with an interrogative pronoun, e. g.
?
"""":
le modal particle r can be used at the end of a rhetorical question, e. g.
()
()
"......":
le construction'" is used in a clause of concsion e. g.
42
Exerises
Choose a correct position :
1. A B C D ?
2. A B C D
3.
A B C D
4.
A B C D
Choose a correct answer :
1."! "
2.
A.
B.
C.
D.
"! "
A.
B.
c.
D.
3. ""
A.
B.
C.
D.
43
44
O
O
""
O
:
"?""!"
"
"
" "O
O
45
tng
open;
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
[]
gu
pass; fault
tnggu
hy; pass through
[]n
hear, smeU; news
xnwn
news
zh
{a s uRx}
jlzh
reporter
ji
he situated hetween
[]
sho
C81 on
jisho
induce
4[]
recognizt admit
[]
sh
know; knowledge
rnshi
knm understand
that
10
11
pio
ling
hright; shine
pioliong
heautiful
12
jlng
stiU, quiet
wlng
gentle and quiet
13
shnn
hill,
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
[]
dng
east
Shndng
'andong
gu
aun father's s1.rter
ning
a young woman, mother
giimong
girl
travel
Hxng
travel
sh
agen
lxngs
vel
fn
translate, tum over,
fnyl
translata transla
jl j
a1 word
28
connect
contlnue
moun in
society
[}
translate
nng
can; energy,
[]
read
'
dng
understand, know
sentence
ancient
{Pro vince}
service
cn
ahlZ
some
sentences
[] sh
poem
glsh
classica1 poem
ymg
Britain, hero
Yngy
English
de
{a structura1 particle}
get
ddo
get, ohtain, receive
d~i
must, have to
li
Dow, dnlting
11
sh81p; henefit
lill
Duent
30
not
Tnggu
xnw jlzM
jisho, w rnshi le n wi pioliong wnjlng de Shndng giiniong, t shl Hxngsh
fnyl , nng ddng jl j
gls
Yngyl shu de
hn
lili.
O
46
:;
.?
no
pass; through
went, have heen
.?
att have
hut
nfonnaton
au'or
mr
.?
scholar
poet
rememher
senous
penence
knowledge
L'nn
orof e
past
eaten
0
0
.?
0
.?
nteUectual
there
.?
like
I'er' s
mayhe, possihle
sentence
annt
anclent
Brin
English
advant~feous
use
.??
can understand
can 't understand
can hear
cannot say
tha then
sster
tImes
look heautiful
O
.?
O
?
.?
|| i ||||| l
||||||||
||||| i |||
47
f: ..Gta
"""() .
"
le pect particle
occurring
immediately after a verb denotes that some action took place in the p. It is
often used to emphasize an experience. le negative form of is ().
() V
:
le affirmative-negative lestion wit is
QO QU
VVV
O ?
O?
O?
"""
e resultative complement, expressed either by a ver such as or an adjective such as indicates the result
of action
e. g.
V v (adj)
""""""
:
A potential complement is formed with the structural particle inserted between a verb and a resultative complement. Th e negative form is made by replacing with .le affirmative legative interrogative form is made
by juxtaposing the affirmative and negative forms of the potential complement, e. g.
S V
S V
VVV
V V
O ?
""
"":
Complements that indicate the degr of an action are calIed complements of degree. Simple complement of de
usualIY made of adjectives and the structural pticle which is used to connect the rb and its complement of
de. The negative form is made by adding be.e the complement. le interrogative form is made by j
taposing the affirmative and negative forms , e. g.
adj
48
/
)
Eeiiss..
}
/
J)
1. A B C D
2. A B C D
3. A B C D
4. A B C D
Choose a
coect
answer:
1.?
A.
B.
C.
D.
2.
A.
B.
pu
D.
3. ?
A.
B.
PU
D.
49
1234
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
hli
sea
[]
din
e1ectncity
[]
shl
U
onynu'i
i'i'144
Shnghi
anai
100k at, regard
dilshl
te1evision
[] ti
stand, platfonn, station
dilshlti
te1erion
[] ji
festivll/, Joint, node, item
eye, item, cataJ.ve
jim
progrlllTImt
zhi
host,
owne. master
ch
ho1d,
sporl
zhichrn
anchor person, host{ess}
ggr
a tal1 person
guzI
me10n
ynjng
ye
mill
heautifu1
mrn
channing,
jngshen
liv''nt
jinzh
at alJ, simply
ylngpinr
f1m
mngpin
visiting card
mtr
mI
[]
slender,
go
high, tall
shu
Ihi emaciat.~
t uI
1eg
gu
me10n, gourd
[]
lin
face
D{.
vdhHdn
vm
' -h
titi'i
A" M
1ean
yehal1
heauiWj
Amenca
enchan he
[]
shu
gu
quitej enough
jng
refned, smartj essence
shn
pirit deiry god
"3A
4J
[] jin
simp1e
8t
dd.mr-Fm
gnn
an--0
'00
seea
ye
heautiful
zh
item
caref
[] II
2222222
station
he likej
10st
fas~ating
POI1Jit
shadow
a Dat Ihin piece, slice
29
30

Shnghi
dinshlti
mode1, standardj copy

'cial
jim zhichrn
xgo gr, shuchng tuI, guzI
li1
Y1jng mill
mrn, shu du
shu gu jngshn de , jinzh xing ylngpin zhng de mtr.
50
/estiyaJ
at present
main
master
sustain, s
care/ul
senior school
taJl and hig
thin and sma1l
lean meat
.?
A.
aess
aesete
.?
gourmet
at the moment
ophthaJmoJ.
.?
eld 0/ Ysion
c he ahle
.?
simple
simplified fonn
.?
s aJways
tram, troJJ.s
radio station
lm
lm/an
.?
yisiting card
picture
sliced meat
.!
charactenstic
.?
.?
!
!
?
navy
51
"""":
Sometimes interrogative pronouns are used not to form questions, but
refer
to anybody, anything, or whatever
way, and are normally followed by or e. g.
()
()
()
()
.""""""":
The verbs and are often used resultative complements , e. g.
Vv
()
"""''''""":
Helping verbs such as and are more often than not to ~ppear before verbs to express ability,
possibility, intention, or wishes. They are made negative by adding before them, e. g.
52
1. A B C D ?
2. A B C D
3. A B C D
4
4. A B C D
1.
A.
B.
C.
D.
2.
A.
B.
C.
D.
3. ""
A.
C.
D.
53
cho
su.rpas.r;
[]
level, degree, grade
shl
marke. city
[]
chng
a place where poople gather
{]
s'eU, hetr.Y
[]
ser
choj
Sl'er
shlchng
m81'et m81etplac'e
woman, marri'ed woman
fn /1
woman
zhung
clothng; pretend
fzhu19
costun?
[]
h6ng
red
bi.
whie
10
hi
hlack
11
[]
8~n
12
taI{fenn'e
13
hung
yellow
jung
orange colour
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
shn
dar~ d'eep
[]
hlue
shnln
dark hlue
[]
qin
shaUow,
hu
greJ ash
qinhu
lSt
colour
[]
xun
select
unz
select
yns
colour
shlyng
style, tYJ model
nylng
reDect
xlngg
nature, dIston
xqi
requremen. demand
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
30
h'gh8")(;!rfcal
dust
[}
ch.se
chuiin
"1M
[]
yn
colour, f
shl
typ>e, style,
[]
yng
pp>earance sh
in reverse; counter
ylng
reDect, mrror
ng
nature, sex
pattem, style
nd; necessar'es
qi
request, demand
grey
cross
fonn ttem
sampl'e
Choj shichng shung mide

qiusde xunz chu1
fn fzhuiing
shnme
yls
yu h6ng de ,
h shlyng de
bi de ,
hi de ,
fnylngle r de
jhung,
shnln h
xlngg h xqi.
54
grade
City 01 Beijing
market, hazaar
ground
.?
husiness
gynecology
women 's clothes
men 's clothes
.?
fashionahle dJ'8S
??
lipstick
. o
hlack tea
green tea
O ?
tangerine
.?
understand
daytime
white pirit
cucumher
.?
hlack
yeUow
hlue
green
select, choose
same
how
what type
reverse side
the lemale sex
O ?
0
.
.t:e male sex
demand
need
human nature
55
"":
() can be used to compare two things whether or not they are identical, e. g.
()
lltl B
..":
may be used before an ecti ve, e. g.
() adj
"......-":
can be used an adjective modifier, e. g.
"":
can be used as a complement, e. g.
()
adj
"......":
means "thing5 like that, and 50 on, and what not, and etc. " It is used after a series of items, e. g.
56
1. A B C D
2. A B C D
3. A B C D
4. A B C D
1.
A.
B.
C.
D.
2.
A.
B.
C.
D.
3.
A.
B.
C.
D.
57
bio
sho. w; sunace, fo.n n, metre
shl
sho. w
[] 11
ceremo.n)
mo
appU1lJ1ce
fng
way,
{] y
and
xl
west
cJassi area :ct
}]IJ
bi
6ctio.n;
bih
sho.Jt express
lImo
poJiteness
fngsh
way
fngr
Westemer
qbi
d"erence
qush
realJy; reJiahJe
b io
fm';
co.mpare
mngxin
clt
ohvio.us evl'nt
lr
fo.rexampJe
gunxi
reJatio.n
qi
cJose, intimate
nj1n
he
zhjin
reen
hxing
mutual. each o.ther
oongzh
to.
ixie
thank you
co.urtesy
S1
rt"fo.n
o.ther; do.n' t
10
11
[] qu
real;
[] sh
so.Jid Le;
12
J:~
co.mpare
13
[] jio
fairJy
14
[] Xill
he pparent
15
example, instance, case
16
gun
cJose, co.ncem
17
[]
systen depa1ent;
reJate to.
18
dense, clo.se, thick;
Sec1t
19
qi
co.JTe.70nd to.;
20
hu
o.r
21
[] qn
ntJmate; parent
22
jn
near; approaching
23
(a
24
each
25
Xlng
each o.ther
xing
f appe ce
bl
realJy
reality
sho. w
anxio.us
scTai particJe) ,
o.f
c1.'e
to.
amo.ng
0.er
26
[]ng
10. help
27
zh
to. heh
28
b1
certainly
29
[] zng
alw.ys lal
30
[] xi
thank
:"!"
he.
Zhngu6rn biosh1 lImo de fngsh1 yi xfngrn qbi qush bIjio mngxin, 11r: Gunxi m1qi hu qnjn
de rn zhin hxing bngzh de shrhou, bl1 b zng shu: "Xixie!"
:
58
"!
"
.nnance
dufJ represent
puhlsh
place
.?
md
apect
gl
[dngxi] thing
Westem style
Westem1eclothes
Westem-st)d
.?
watennelon
[chbi] diTence
O :
pecI. epecially
other
don'tg.
.?
realize
example
fOrexample
relateto
father
mother
intima.
dear
.?
among
[xi.ngpi]photo
[xingfan] contr.
recent1
.?
O
' 0
.
O ?
t' 4
AA
always
.?
| ! i
| | i
|
i i
.59
b
i
()
"""""":
ghgnm
""
m.y he phefore the adjective in the sentence of comparison with or e. g.
""""
""
The numeral- measure wordr can he placed after the adjective to expre the difference, e. g.
ubububU
t t.
LUVLb'LL'LL'
"":
may also be used to express compison in some sentences with a verbal predicate, e. g.
| A tt.
t t.
>
"":
t t.
60
can he used in the sentence with a complement of degree , e. g.
1. A B C D
2. A B C D
3. A ~t. B C D
4. A B C D
1.?
A.
B.
C.
D.
2.
A.
B.
C.
D.
3.
A.
B.
C.
D.
61
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
gn
root (ol a p1ant), cause
gnj
accordng
100k nto
gunch
ohserve
cun
vllage
cnzi
vllage
[]
11
nsde
cnzi li
n the
JU
resi
zh
live
jz
live, resde
[]
n6ng
Tcultuz
10
mn
the peop1e
n6ngmn
peasant, lanner
11
[]
zhng
knd, 801 seed
zhng
gro w, p1ant
zhng hu
grow Oowers
[]
occupy; accordng
gun
watch, vew
ch
vJ.fje
live
lanner
12
[]
chun
pass
13
[]
tng
unte; al1
chuntng
tram!on
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
[]
gun
hen e
xgun
hahit, custom
shu
rece1ve
shudo
rece. ve
{]
fng
visJt
guest
krn
guest
sng
glve
thng, matter
lIw
gft
bn
80rt
ylb1
genera.
kn
see, 100k, read
fu
negate, deny
[]
standard, role
fuz
otherwse
[]
hul
can, m e.et; meeting, association
xiua
jeera 1augh
yl! n
Ikaho dscuss
haht 01
[]Ig
1et, give w.y; assve lonn)
xio
1at
[]
hu
word, talk
bi
qu1t; ssve fonn}
[]
30 []
ln
sm1e
at; joke
d'cuss
d'cuss; 'eoy
Gnj w
de gunch, zi cnzi li jzh de n6ngmn yu zhng chutng xgun, shudo li fng krn sng
de lIw yIhu ylbn b dki k fuz hul ng rn xiohua h bi rn ylln.
62
;)
at all; hase
is sai
point of view
coun'Sia
.?
iculture
insi
the people
van"ety
facsimile
} 0
visit
wingroom
give sh. a present
personage
animal
physics
see 0 9"
read a hook
see a 'lm
can understand
society
can speak
conversation
meet with
meeting-place
? "
hold a meeting
talk
Beijing dialect
telephone
theory
.?
.??
.
?
"
thesis
.?
63
"":
Usage of the helping verb e. g.
-"
TU
qr
J""
""
"""""""":
le passive sentences are fonned with the prepositions d

colloial speech
: and
p4
. is used mostly in written Chinese; in
are used more often, e. g.
()
""":
is usually used when king someone to do someing. is followed immediately by the person being asked to
do something, e. g.
"":
When repeated, an adjective often
functions adverb
modifying the verb. As an adverbial modifier, a repeated
aective may be followed by e. g.
S adj adj () V
64
1. A B C D
2. A B C D
3. A B C D
4. A B C D
1.-
A.
B.
C.
D.
2.
A.
B.
C.
D.
3. ""
A.
B.
C.
D.
65
66
O
""" "O
"
? "
O :
"?"
O
"! "
"? O ,,
"?""
!!"
O
"
""?? "
"!!"
67
gn
/eel, sense, move, he affected
mo
gi off
[]
sho
run a ve
ahdomen
sh
leisul1";
[]
t6u
head, hair, chie/
tng
ache, love a'arly
die; to death
shng
provJllce; econOInlze
II
/oun d, stand, set up
ZJ
U
onynu
4A
nsk
hum
tJA
gnmo
catch cold
fsho
have a ver
dzi
ahdomen
shfu
com/O ltahle
sne
extreme";
stretch
dead
'EA
12345678medica1 science
A
'A
EA--A
'A
'A
yun
y ard, institute, hospital
yyun
ho.pita1
ma. hushand
difu
doctor
[]
9i
ive;
[]
jin
eX8mlne,
ch
checA look
jinch
examlne,
[]
jirig
sa) explain
zho
touch,
zhe
(a verha1 SUfTIX)
zuzhe
ling
c1
zholing
hi
evi1,' harm; hannful
.t
dread;
hip
he afraid
blng
il1 {isease
ti
extremely, too
[]
yn
severe,
s tight
lng
weilJt;
heavy
ynzhng
grave, senous
fix on; notes
yl
idea, meaning
zhyl
pay attention to
xl
hreath, interest
xixi
have a rest
[]
yo
medicine
bo
(a moda1 p 8Iticle)
nynugA
122
/or
In'1tIct
into
he 'cted hy
cold
he afraid 0/
"3a
222222223
TZJrO
Ioonynu
In'1tIct
dm
'A
[]
dh
c,,e JuZLY cozadd,
""
W gnmo le, fsho , dzi b shfu, t6u tngsI le.
zholig
bi hip, blng b ti ynzhng,
Shengll yyun difu 9i w jinch hu jing : "Shl
zhyl xixi , ch xi yo bo. "
; O
" "
68
thank
impressions
sensed
hair
.?
anxi 1vyince
'ctor
medical science
Westem medicine
??
. O
pharmacy
??
prescnption
. O
college
courtyard
Lady , Mrs.
h
us
handa
nd
. O
gi
p
'eak.
~ talk
teach 1ecture
Sysmi
.!
patient
fal1 ill
ill
see a doctor
madam, wife
stnct
import.
antt
OVi
'8r1
'oad
d
IgIe
a
idea, opinion, yiew
.!
O ?
O O
immedia
69
A sentence in which a
suhject-pdicate nstruction rves
as its predicate is known as a
sennce
with asub-
ject-predicate construction. In sentence of this kind, the person or thing indicated by the suhject in the subject predicate
construction is closely
whole sentence, e.
relatedor ms
a part of the person or thing indicated
bthe
subject of the
"jU" :
Usage of g.
"""() ..
A verb with the aspect particle may function as an adverbial adjunct indicating manner in which the action
expressed by the following verb is performed. le negative form is () e. g.
|s v o
"":
Usage of e preposition e. g.
""::
When used at the end of a sentence expressing request , command, consultation or agreement, the modal particle
soften the tone of the sentence. Another usage of is to express an interrogative tone of a guess, e. g.
!
!
70
1. A " B C D o
"
2. A B C D
3. A B C D
4. A B:
" C D "
Choose a correct answer :
1."? "
A.
B.
C.
D.
Il
2. "! "
A.
B.
Il
C.
D.
3. "
A.
B.
C.
D.
? "
71
ym
hecause of; reason
wi
for
wi
he, do, act,
heome
store up; long-standing
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
[]
jf
extreme; pole
[]
jom
add, increase
JlO
ynwi
hecause
rnwi
consider
jjf
actlVt posive
cnJl
jom
tly
orts
[ ]
hody
educatt rear
[]
du
forge
[]
lin
smelt, refine
dunlin
havepysical
11
dng
wlnter
dngtin
Wnter
12
hu
slide
13
J}
bng
lCe
hubng
skating
summer
xitin
summer
nver
hli
in the Ii ver
sWlm
y6uyng
sWlm
halJ, glohe
zqi
food
piqi
vou.yhalJ
enter, advance
jm:fng
go on, he in progress
match, game
blsi
match, competition
place
suyl
so, therefore
hody
shntl
yuliyu
more and more
jinkng
healthy; health
i
14
h
15
yng
16
chn
17
ql
18
jl
19
20
z
21
qi
22
pi
23
24 [] jln
25 []i
su
26
shn
27
yu
28
jin
29
kng
30
training
pnng
autumn
season
kick, play
IOt
get
anpge
ove
overstep
healthy; strengthen
health
Ynwi t
jf
cnji
tly dunlin
dngtin
hub
d piqi , jm:ng blsi, sulyl shntl yuliyu
xitin
q h
li y6uyng,
chnqi ling j t
zqi
ji kng.
72
for
[rnwi] cons"r
[ylwi] helieve
area
excellent
a great many
very heautifu1
.?
visit
education
Ministry of Education
.?
skating hoots
skating rink
a "tIr
e Yellow River
Hehei Pro vince
season
pring
summer
autumn
.""?
'nter
pnog
o ""
autumn
advance
ente. go into
.?
ente. come 10
import
footha11 match
footha11 ground
(ha11 game)
research instte
iJJ<.. o
.?
O O
.?
LbI
-p
-J
AhAU
a11
73
"":
Usage of e. g.
adj
"":
Usage of e. g.
adj
4 adj
"":
Usage of the conjunctions e. g.
sentence
sentence
ii
74
':rois;
1. A B C D
2. A:
"B C Do
"
3. A B C D
4.
A B C .D
1."? "
A.
B.
C.
D.
2. ""
A.
B.
C.
D.
3.
A.
B.
C.
D.
75
123456
just, only
gung
vas:
hroam.1St
wide;
gngci
just now
gungb
hroadcast
expand
sow
mr, gas
g
meteoro10gy
aA'araDce e1ephant m
q1xing
in advance
report;
QJOU
-BA-aAB-AaE
ci
qEybhvd
JUt
lhbM
gng
nePper
co1d
last, quick, rapid
chn
momIng
h
M
AUvm
kui
ybo
lorecast
hnli
co1d current
mngchn
tomorrow momng
pinnn
to the south
wnd
temperature
lngxi
he10w zero
yjin
at night
rmn
snow
4567890123
hHZpn
1111112222
iJd
nE
direction
1eaning, slanting
south
10w
wn
temperature;
degree
lng
zero
nt
W8J7l1
overcast
A
2222223
transfer, change
J
U
Ioonynu
qlfg
c1ear, 5ne
yn
c10ud
gu
h10w
gufng
it ' s h10wing
11
powel force
fngl1
windpower
bin
hecome
yu
ahout; make an appointment
diren change
Gngci gungb
q1xi19ybo: Hlli
kui do le, mngchnyuyljixu fngxingpinnn , zul dwnd
lngxi wl d. Yjin yn zhun qng, du yn, gu Mifng, fngl1 bin xio yuslj.
I} :
76
weather
.?
get angIY
clima.
phenomenon
.?
preparelsons
S71
repoIt (news)
daily paper
evemng p.Jer
.?
read a nePper
hroadcaster
nice and cool
momlllg
r81n
.?
snow
ski
direction
.?
(hody) temperature
zero
ahove zero
night
at night
altitude
O O
clou. day
ne day
south
style
demeanor
.?
up
vlew
.?
.?
scene
ahy
change
appollltment
.?
-
d
physical streng.
77
"":
Usage of e. g.
.... ...":
indicate that an action will soon take place, e. g.
Two successive numerals are often used
give
an approximate number, e. g.
.......":
Usage of e. g.
adj
adj
"":
Sometimes means "dy" e. g.
"""":
Sometimes means "only
", e. g.
78
1. A B C D
2.
A B C D
3. A B C D
4.
A B C D
1.
A.
B.
C.
D.
2. ""
A.
B.
C.
D.
3.
A.
B.
C.
D.
79
mlu
ceztaln
{]
coun
sun
calcu1att compute
machine, crucial point, occasion
SI
take chll1lJe of; attend to
[]
off,
shlu
head
zhn
open up; exhihition
[]
ln
100k
10
[]
gun
accommodation for guests
11
[]
yun
far, distanl
12
[]
yun
circu1ar; circle
13
[]
14
15
16
[]i
17
[]
18
{a measure waj
19
[]
sh
tree
20
zhng
straigh.nght
21
[]
du
opposite, right; treat
22
zu
sea!; {a measure word}
23
[]
16u
a storied hUJding
24
fng
house, room
25
png
side
26
[]
bin
27
28
compute;
metre
jsunj
compuler
gongsl
company
shud
capital {of a counfIy}
zhnln
ex'iion
zhnlngun
fJihition H
a p1ace for puhlic recreation
Yunmngyun
Yuanminlan
he near; attach
fn
nearhy
zhu
circuit, week; thoughtfu1

around
zhuwi
around
mayhe
xdu
many
dumin
opposJ/e
16ufng
hui1ding
side, ee horder
pngbi1
sit
hul
fjre
huch
tram
zhn
stand; station
hulchzhn
r81w.y
station
29
cn
1eave
30
[]
ch
p1ace,
cnchch
hit"Cie
parking 10t
a w.
from;
1eave
a. see
exis. he
Park
in stock
offjce paztment
Mu
jlj 9ngs
l sh/ud zhnlngun
hn
yun, zi Yunmngyun fjn , zhuwi yu xidu k
sh
zhng dumin ylu y zu 16ufng, pngbin sh hulchzhn h cnchch.
80
\;;
'
driver
opportumty
O ?
first
.0
develop
to 'our
lihrary
restaurant
O 0
leave
.?
park
per:rps
n process of
nOI711a1
just nght
fOI711a1, oRid a1
.?
COJTect, right
hoy or grl friend
.?
seat, place
house
O O 0
room
.?
the east
the west
the south
the north
nsl
outsde
n front
hehnd
.?
ahove, over
helow, under
hus stop
suhway staton
everhere
.?
.?
plan
81
Position words may serve as the
su ect
an object, and an attributive of a sentence , and be qualified by an
attributive , e. g.
"":
In a sentence with indicating existence , the su ect s usually a person or thing concemed and the 0ect is
usually a noun denoting position or place , e. g.
v
bu
position words
""i:
In a sentence with indicating existence , the subject is usually a noun denoting position or place and the 0ect
is the person or thing concemed, e. g.
Position words
"""":
le verb can indicate existence well. le order of a -sentence is exacY esne as that of a
-sentence e. g.
Position words
"":
Usage of the preposition e. g.
82
()
kl
1. A B C D
2. A B C Do
3. A 1;f- B C D
4. A B C D
1.
A.
B.
C.
D.
2.
A.
B.
C.
D.
3. ?
A.
B.
C.
D.
83
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
lodge for the night
sh
hous shed
ni
insi
jlng
ssh
donnitozy, hostel
clean
gnjlng
clean
house, room
WZl
room
[]
qing
waU
qingshang
on the wa11
gu
hang
[]
mn
full,
zh
write; marked
zhmfng
famous, celehrated
10
yu
oil
11
hu
paintng; to paint
yuhu
oil painting
zhu
tahle
zhushang
on the tahle
ji
old, used
yn
1eech
yu
linguistics
din
standard
cfdin
dictionazy
(a measure WOl a preposition)
tng
lie down
yI
chair
tgyI
deck chair, lazy chair
bi
8lTange
zhng
qf
neat; together
zhngqf
neat
chung
window
door, household
chunghu
window
ji
shelf, frame
sh i
hookshelf
fng
puton
to
(a measUIe word)
(a sumame); recldes.
shl
ft, suitahle
H Shl
(a ~on's
qun
complete
jf
coUect,
qunjf
complete works
12
13 l[
14
15
16
17
18
19 [
20
21 []
22
23
24
25
26
27
28 []
29
30
hut
pBcked
word
whole
IJ'er
name)
Ssh ni tIng 9 njlng, wzi qing shang 9 e zhmfng de y6. zhu shang yu hl! n ji yynxu
cfdin. Iing b tng yI bi de ht\ n zhngqf chunghu p9 de shji shang fngzhe yf H Shl Qunjf.
84
: 1
.?
intema1
inst
regisler
safied
writings,
famou hook
peanut oil
pejeum
picture
draw a picture
pamter
pictonf
Chinese painting
used or old things
languge
dictionary
interor
0
.?
wOJ:
.?
1
.?
inese dictionary
.?
ceremony
lying
ch.
tahle
whole, entire
in unson
he at ease
alley
"
heard
all, everyone
overall
whole coun
.?
encyclopedia
447
coUective
concentra
"
85
"":
A verb with thepect paicle may indicate the mode of existence, e. g.
V O
"":
e verb may function as a compliment of result after a verb, e. g.
Vv
Notional passive sentence, e. g.
""":
r e often used after certain s to show the direction of a movement, e. g.
V /
(If the movement proceeds away from the
(If the movement proceeds toward the speaker is used)
86
speaker is used)
1. A B C D
2. A B C D
3. A B C D
4. A .B C D
1.m
A.
B.
C.
D.
2. -
A.
B.
C.
D.
3. -
A.
B.
C.
D.
87
1
2
3
[]
yu
post, mai1
JU
oDice, situation
yuj
post oDice
[]
yng
erate
yngyyun
shop emp10yee
[]
ju
'e1
jude
fee1
jio
sleep
hngkng
aviation
xnfng
enve10pe
bdn
not on1y
qgui
strange
5
6
7
8
9
hng
hoa ship;
xn
1etter, laith, s.T
fng
seal; enve1ope; (a measure word)
dn
hut
strange
10
11
'
gui
strange
hut, and
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
qie
just, even
rqi
and, also, too
shr
make, use, emp1oy, send
shr rn
enah1e someone to
qng
clear
ch
c1ear
qngchu
c1tr
go
te11,
[]
tell
gos
tell
yu
the right
jio
come 8/ (a unit 01money in 'ina: O.
yng
shou1d, answer
yng
comp1y with
[]
gi
shou1d
zhI
only
send,
111:.
zhI
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
navigate
ac1are
1 yuan)
ynggl
should
jxnrn
sender
address, 10cation
dzhI
address
zu
the 1eft
zubian
the 1eft side
[]
ju
ahso1ute
L []
1n
at random, in disorder
[]
ti
sticlt. paste
[]
'JOch
jnin
commemorat.
pio
ticket
yupio
stamp
pos depend
record
on
souvenlr
Yuj yngyyun jude t de hngkng xnfng xi de bdn qgl rqi shI rn kn b qngchu , gosu t ,
yuxi io
ynggi zhr
xi jxnrn
dzhI , zubian ju b nng lun ti jnin yupio.
88
! C:
/
J
</
//
db
c
'at
I
C
'ommercial 91au
e
nge t
'rade
sensepercep
:on;
sense 01hearing
civil aviation
kud
;:UVU' '~~'I O
zfJZZZ
I .
?
helievein
co.nce
1. ?
hut
m employ
en.'llSsy
I .?
stm1'1 0
ronort
Dla
should
|??
I .?
[ylngyng] usel O
na1roaction
LJSMe
the right side
le/t side
22tolview
on.ly, alone
ahsoll
'n ticket
fiiJ:cket
hus ticket
t ||

||
?
89
"""":
le particle is used before a verb followed by to modify a noun , e. g.
S V
"""":
le prticle can also be used before a rb followed a noun , e. g.
|S V |
""
The conjunction is used to link two progression statements, e. g.
"":
le verb is used the first verb in pivotal sentences. Th e pivotal sentence has the follong grammatical
structure:
"":
Usage of the verb e. g.
V 0
V 0
(sentence )
90
1. A B C D
2. A B C D
3. A B C D
RU
1.
A.
B.
C.
D.
2. -
A.
B.
C.
D.
3.
A.
B.
C.
D.
91
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ijiijiiii:22jiiiif!;iiij;E
iiiii;fiii?iiigiii;j ji;
-iiiiii iiiiijjj5jiiiiiiiiiijiz
jjiijjjij::;;ijiiiiiijjijifiijgjiifjjg
iiFizjjgjjjiiiijj?!iiifFEjEjjji;ii;jjijiiiiiij
;;1jjj;iiii ii EiisjitiEiij?! !iiiizji;i i;51:;

1ii;iiiiii iiijjiiiiii
;:if?EziEi
;i5ji;;?;;;iF
i!
;j
!iz;;i;i;ziif?iziEP
i5;#;
;j;r
;;7;;!;i
;;i;i;1;i!
13?!iiiEEijj?!?iEsiiz;;3 ft
~.~tfii tl;~ tziiEtEEEEEjEGEEi
?ijiiiiii EfjEiiEAjiijii;;?!
iiiiiiiiii ii iji!i :
HM
F
b
E
dET
AV''
h
8
')a
H
m @U
3'd
u -
gWMm
u hm
JAv
u
m
n
Ma
H
a
SWNM
h
L
W'
"HN
r
A
Vd
M
-h
m
'
"NHm
A
m
BUHw
aaguRW
'''
''m
d
M
M
mm
g
'
d
-B "
EEW
S
"
R
fmm
'

-Y Mm
s
-
hv
a
.a
J
P
a
pd
d
'q
h
m
4d
nt
m
Mm
U
H WFA
EJ
ii;iiiiiijiiiijjiiii;1iiii3
1iFijiiiiiiiiiiFijiiiFijiig
jjjjjjjijiiiiijjiiiijiii;iiiiia
"ijijiji!!jii;jiijiigiiiiiiiiiiiii
H
E
H
E
J4
"
\~
\0
O
1900
1914 O
O
1921 " "0 1923
o 1926
O o 1929
1933
1945 1949 1951
1951 o 1958
} 0
O
} 0
} 0
O O
"
? ""! O
O "
"? """"
O
i
,,
"
"
93
Jn
metal, money; golden
sh
sand
JIang
nver
[]i
to ;
tu
hold n the palm,
7t
wn
5nsh, he over, end
11
(a sumame)
[]
contnue
[]
contnue, add
10
cho
fa cng;
11
zu
walk, go, leave
12
13
14
swiftly
1St
J nshjing
Jinsh.;ang
fijchng
81.ort
tuyn
to check,
River
cons.'11
for
shpment
xngli
haggl luggage
jx
continue
suddenly; neglect
suddenly
tng
stop
tngzh
stop
ji
foot
15
step
jiloh
pace
16
(pre5x)
17
tme, order, second
d y c
the 5rst tme
18
hold,
wzhe
hold n
19
shu
hand
20
[] qng
softly, lght
21
["*] shng
vOlce
qngshng
n a soft
22
hope
23
W19
hop look
xwng
hope
24
yng
rorever
yngyun
rorever
25
xng
gd
26
happness
xngf
hJpness
27
zh
Wsh
28
IOa d, joumey
yl
all the way
29
png
peaceful,
Oa common
30
peaceful,
sa.
png'n
sa. and
dynasty
gra.
over
h.d
voie
fortune
sound
"!!"
Zi Jnshjing fijchlng tlnwn xngli , jx cho qin wu n t tngzh ji.b d y c wzhe w

de shu qngshng shu: "Xwng n1 yngyuln xngf! Zh n1 yl png' n ! "
:
94
"!! "
Amercan doDar
meta1
the Yangtze River
aJane
air ticket
ke 0 6"
nish wrig
nish pea1dng
can nish reading
.!
dynasty
wa1k
parking lot
O !
. O ?
progress
one ne
forma1ities
wrist wa.
young
p O
sound
misfortune
hppy lot
on the way
O ?
road, way
highway
lose one' s way
horzonta1 1evel
caJ
ordinmy
at ordinmy times
safe
tranquil
iet
llITllnge
Xi'an City
O ?!!
?
. o
O !
95
""":
The verbs and may serve resultative complement indicating the result of an action, e. g.
""""""
:
-sentences are generaily used to emphasize how a person does something to an object or to another person.
In a
-sentencee preposition and its 0ect are always put after the suect and before the verb , e. g.
Vv
""""
:" z
The verbal measure word en goes with a numeral and is used after the verb to show the frequency of an
action. When the object is expressed by a noun should be placed before the object. When it is expressed by
a pronoun often comes after the object, e. g.
r
IV
"""":
a pre can be used before a cardinal number to form an ordinal number. A measure word , however, should
be inserted between the ordinal number and the noun, e. g.
96
Exercises:
1. A B C D
b
2. A B C D
3. A B C D
4. A B C D
1.
A.
B.
C.
D.
2.
A.
B.
C.
D.
3.
A.
B.
C.
D.
97
(a sumame}j what
teacher
zu
do
shl
thing,
{]
horse
tIger
di
los mislay m c8st
'
2
wng
forget
[ }ng
asJ. inJlte
10
Ca.Iy in
11
ho
hag,
12
[]
protect
13
zho
shine, iUumin8te
14
ji
honvw, lend
15
[]
zhng
demonstrate, provej card
16
[]
di
h.rin g
17
[]
ji
ti. kni congea.1;
18
hut, yet
19
his
20
it
21
hold, ta.ke
22
10
(8 moda.1 particle)
23
dng
ua.1;
24
In, 8t
25
do
t'5i down
26
/j;::
mng
husy
27
zng
incre8
28
tI n
8dd, increase
29
ax; rough, pocked; tingle
30
[]
fn
he vexed, trouhle
shfu
master worker
mhu
careless
shutho
ha.ndh8g
hzho
pas.wr(
jishzhng
lihra.ycard
jigu
result
qt
other
dngy
equa.1 to
hng domng he more of8 hindra.nce tha.n
a. matter
please,
IUt
one ' s ha.nd, lift, raise
WI
(h j
knot
thei
he
(she they)
w8I; class
8dd
inverse
8 he.
gain
Zngtn
8dd, increase
mfon
trouhlesome; trouhle
H shfu zu shl
mu
di zh wng n q1ng t h shutooo 11 de hzho h jishzhng dli
ji!1l.
t qu h qt dngxi n1ai 10, dengy shl hng domng, zngtin mfon.
98
.?
how
thin ak
career
O ?
at once
.?
fIger
have 10st
fo.t
.?
excuse me
ask, request
pul
mo up
raise, heighten
salche1
wallet
hread
10 photogr.ph
camera
photo
horrow a thing
student ' s card
I'ntity
lesl prove
certificate
hring a thing
conclusion
O ?!
among
adep good at
O IJ !
wait for sh.
and so on, etc.
.! O
equality
lncrease
qutlOn
?
to
(a date)
card
O ??
?
IJ
'
99
Grammar
"":
is often used as the first verb in a pivotal sentence, e. g.
S V
(0)
"""":
and can be
used after some verbs to show the direction of a movement of a person or a thing, e. g.
S P
"":
Usage of the verb e. g.
"":
The adverb is often used before the verb to show a transition, e. g.
"""""":
le modal particle is a fusion of the modal particles and e. g.
?
!
!
!
100
Exr(ses
1. A B .C D
2. A B C D
3. A B C D
4. A B C D
1._!
A.
B.
C.
D.
2.
A.
'
B.
C.
D.
3.
A.
B.
C.
/\
D.
101
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
[]
lin
even;
[l]
xin
county
chng
[]
clIg
[]
link j~
connect
xinchng
county town
fctoIJ'
gngchIg
fctoIJ'
lng
age,
dlng
ahove the nOl711al age for
wi
have not
hn
many; wedding
qng
young, green
qngnin
youth, young people
'
mn
slow
mImn
slowly
ji
Slarat. solve
liojit
understand
11
ju
decide, determine
12
Jt.
dlng
judlng
decide;
13
zho
look for
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
jl
since,
think
yuylsi
mterestmg
li
tired,
[]
zh
joh, post, duty
zhy
profession
bng
(used for emphasis) , and
"
F
r6 ng
looks; pel711it
easy
Engyl
easy
ji
(of a woman)
ci
timhe. mate1
shnci
stature, fgure
short. low
[]
xng
mood or desire to do sth.
xmg
pm rise
24
town
yem
mamage
decide;
understand
surely
d.1ion
alrea
flued;
toil
mm
ahility
start
25
mterest
xlngq
mterest
26
27
28
29
zhl
send, incur
yzh
showing no
'
qng
feeling
yuqngrn
lover
gng
moI't still
kn
he stranded
30
[]
nn
ducult
knnan
diffcu
dirence
more
had;
hm7
Li n xinchng gngchng de
dlng
wihn qngnin mnmn yt lioji le: Judlng zho g j yuylsi yu
b li de zhy bng b r6ngy , ji g shnci b i ,
xngq yzh
de
yuqngr1
gng knnan.
102
ty
the Great Wall

age
future
many
divorce
wedding ceremony
youth
O 0
young; youthfulness
. O
ve.vslow
liherate
solve
ce.inly
surely
have seeked
thought ideology
think
deJly
meamng, opll1JOn
oHice worker
staff and workers
and
O
.?
O
0
. O ?
O
content
short and small
glad,
hppy
interested
thing,
ak
.?
O ?
.""
emolion
frame of mind
taste had
Upleasant
to hear
71easant
to drink
dlfJ jcult to learn

it ' s h anJ to say
|||||||||
|||||||||
|||||| i ||
103
Gramm:ar
"... ...()""":
le construction () means "even" and can be used for emphasis , e. g.
"":
is used to link two coordinate verbs or adjectives , indicating the simultaneous existence of two
clrcumstances, e. g.
.":
Usage of the adverb e. g.
"":
Usage of e. g.
P 0
"":
Usage of e. g.
"":
Usage of e. g.
104
Exercses
1. A B C D
2. A B C D
3. A B C D
4
4. A B .C D
1.
A.
B.
C.
D.
2.
A
C.
D.
3.
A.
~~
B.
C.
D.
105
106
O
O
1899
""
1913
O 1917
""
1924
"!! "
""
~ 0
1930 O
O ~
1937
~ 0
107
1946
{
1949
1949 1966
{~
{~
1898 1949
:
""
""
"" 1966
:
"1966
O
67 O
"
:!
?
"? ""!
? "" 100 !
O ":
!
!
108
Uio
yuumng
Sh Qlngchn {name of a TSon}
tqI
mentopeak
shlmn
{name of a wnter}
guangwi
extensve, hroad
on"gin al name
chunb
pread
wnshl
he puhJished
kng Rl
resstance aganst Japan
natonalty
zhnzhng
war
cty resdents
Chngqlng
{a
dldldodo
typcal
gngchOndang the Communst Party
:xs
cus'om
lIngdao
lead; leader
wir
taste, Davour
Zhu Enli
{a statesman}
shz
sheer lof
tci
suhject matter
bji
soon
jingxu
gve lectures
yang
S'[JOI
chungzu
create, write
shur
lncome, revenue
baiw1
mllon
qing
poor
cngmn
fill
jishu
accept
wxin
nfinte
jishl
old type
jb~n
script
enter
huj
modem drama
shfn
nonnal school
yIngxing
tfluence
xiozhng
headmaster
mnin
last years of a
tinjn
{a 's name}
chngll
fOund
bihu
vemacular
jngl1
expenence;
xizu
wnfIng
11shI
hstory
Lndn
London
:xngshl
fonn
zuk
sOJoum
qingk
poveJty-stricken
jdng
excted
l00bOixl. ng
common people
fqIrn
inifIator
chng
call
fbiao
puhJish
zish
commt
zhxu
phlosophy
jish
finsh, end
J'fnn
{a cty's name}
bogui
valuahle
Qngdao
{a cty's name}
shngming
Jife
mo
cat
dun
paragraph
dibiu
representatve work
fOn gmlng
counter-revolutonary
lutuo
camel
qnshu
wth one's own hands
xingzi
{name of a person}
li
tear
nindi
timt ye8J
tu
putm
rnll
manpower
lake
chf
caJter, nckshaw puller
CI
ths
biaod
express
cry
lodng
lahour
ji6
final result
nqi
cordi1
biaoqng
expresslon
gnrn
touchng,
shtou
stone, rock
Sh
of
raJse
knd
movL
ty's
name}
'I1asty
unde
suci
109
11
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Jlt
holiday
false, fake, sham
jide
fake
ch
remove; hesides
chle
except, hesides
shul
sleep
shuljio
sleep
[ ]
ln
laz) indolent
shul lnjio
get up late
po
mn
pob
mn, ml/I
ji
ho{ay
ji
leave of ahsence
at
the douhle
[]
skiD
[]
sh
skiD,
tec/u art
ysh
art
co
grasp, hold, operate
tIco
gymnastlrohics
y1
peIfonn
10
chng
smg
ynchng
sing a
11
12
song
melo
geql
song
13
.&~
tio
jump, hounce
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Jlo
associate
[]
jl
among;
dance
jiwl
haDrlJTl danci
wn
play,
throw oneself on
overcome; gram
pi
Cl/I"
pkpi
poker
chess or any hoard game
xingq
'inese
[]
lin
umte, jOln
join,
linh
unite
[]
hu
partnership
bn
companJOn; accompany
hubn
companJOn
tune
wi"
peIfonnance)
hand over
hon
en}y
plate
ce
chess
hold
[]
bn
do, handle
Jbn
hold, conduct
end
zhum
weekend
tng
'Ont
jitng
family
[]
yu
muslC
ynyuhul
concert
hppy; enj laugh
kuil
bPPJ joyful
act;
whole
y ard, law court
Jir t chle shullnjio , hi chngq pob zu ysh tlco , ynchng geq

xingq,
huzh linh xiohubljhn
tijiojlw
wnr pkpi , xi
zhum jitng ynyuhu.
110
winter vacation
.?
vacation
fake
O 0
long-distance race
literature & art
art
playground
pe.orm
a
ctOIr
a
CtI
res.
ss
S
sin.
h
<g(.
a SOLj
@?
one song
tune, melody
dance
make friends
.??
pay
international
play
crack ajoke
sunnount
S1;" pla
famous hrand
??
. {agame}
contactj relation
clfJera
suitahle
quadrangle
ga.er assemhle
lad young fellow
hold {a meeting. . . }
Hice
music
joyful
O ?
.
o ?
.
!
Coca Cola
111
Grammar.
.( "")"":
( may be omitted) means "in addition to" or "besides".
or
It is often followed by adverbs such
e. g.
.":
is
placed after verbs to indicate that two actions are happening at the same time, e. g.
'
"":
meaning "or" , is mostly used in statements , such :
"""":
Summary of the structural particles and :

is
generally placed between an attributive modifier and the word (mostly noun) it modifies , e. g.
'":
is
generally placed between a complement of degree (or a potential complement) and the predicate verb, e. g.
"":
is
generally placed between an adverbial modifier and the predicate verb, e. g.
"! "
"? "
112
Exercss
1. A B C D
2.
A B C D
3.
A B C D
4.
A B C D ?
1.
2.
3.
A.
B.
C.
D.
""
A.
B.
C.
D.
A.
B.
C.
D.
113
English Translation of the 25 Constructed Sentences

1
2
3
4
5
10
11
12
13
My girlfriend was bom in 1967 on May 28th. This year she is 34 years old. This
Sunday is her birthday.
Mr. Wang is a very experienced teacher, working at Beijing University. He specializes in teaching foreign students modem Chinese language and calligraphy.
If you don' t know our school canteen and dining hall servers' names, you can ask them:
Miss, may 1 ask your sumame? "
When Chinese people meet an acquaintance on the street, they do not usually say
Hello! " Th ey would rather ask: "Where are you going? " " Have you eaten yet?
Beginning tomorrow , every moming at seven fifteen 1 will ride my bicycle to class ,
practice pronunciation , read text, memorize words , dictate Chinese characters , and
answer questlOns.
The day after tomorrow at 5 minutes to 4 in the aftemoon , she wants to go together
with her classmates to the "New World " shop again to buy some daily articles by taxi
and subway.
Half a kilogramme of fruits , one pair of leather shoes , two pens, three magazines ,
four pairs of cotton interlock trousers , five pieces of sposwear and six tourist maps
cost 1300 RMB yuan in all.
Yesterday evening both of us were hungry and thirsty. We had a dish of "fishsmelling" spicy shredded meat, a vegetarian plate of stir-fried water spinach, a cold
dish, and two bowls of rice. We drank two cups of hot tea and five bottles of beer. We
spent a lot of money.
Uncle Lin' s family is very large. His family includes his father, mother, an elder
brother, sister-in-low, younger brother, and a sister. His grandfather and grandmother, who have retired from the my a long time ago , also live with him.
This child, who was bom in the ye of the sheep, has ve high aspirations. He has not
yet graduated from university. His test results in math , physics and chemistrare all
very good. In the future , he wants to work in the field of natural science and be a
researcher.
A news reporter introduced me to a beautiful and gentle girl from Shandong Province.
She is an interpreter for a travel service. She can read and understand classical poems. She speaks English ve fluently.
le anchorwoman of Shanghai television station programme is tall , has slender legs ,
melon seed -shaped face , and beautiful charming eyes. Everyone says she is lively
and smart. She looks like a model in the film.
The woman' s clothing section at the supermarket sells red , white , black , green ,
orange , dark blue and light grey coloured clothing. The colour an
114
14 The way that Chinese express politeness as compared to Westemers is really ve

different. For example , when family members or good friends are helping each other,
they don' t always have to say "Thank you!" .
15 According to my observation , farmers who live in village have a traditional custom.
After receiving a gift from a guest , they generally do not open the gift; otherwise,
people would find it rude and talk about them behind their backs.
16 1 have a cold, a fever , stomach pains, and a terrible headache. The doctor at the
provincial hospital gave me a physical examination and said , "you' ve caught cold,
don' t be afraid. It is not ve serious. Rest and take some medicine. "
17 Because he is actively taking physical exercise he skates during winter, swims in the
river during summer, and joins football and volleyball matches during the spring and
autumn - he is becoming more and more healthy.
18 Justnowtheweatherforecastsaysthatacoldcurrentwillsoonarrive. Tomorrowmomingitwill
rainandsnow. ThewindisblowingupfromtheSouth. Thelowesttemperatureisexpectedtobe
around -5. Duringtheeveningitwillclearup, andwindwillblowdownfromtheNorth. The
wind powerwill get smallerto about 4 degrees.
19 The distancefrom acertain computercompanyto the Capital Exhibition Hall is veryfar. The
companyisnear YuanmingyuanPark. Therearealotoftreesaroundthecompany, andacross
fromitthereisabuilding. Besidethecora thereisarailwaystationandabicycleparking
10t.
20
le
domitory is ve clean. Oil paintings hang from the walls. There is an old linguistic
dictionary on the table. The two deck chairs are arranged very neatly. Beside the window
stands a bookshelfwith a collection ofbooks written by Hu Shi.
21 The post office worker thought that his air-mail envelope was not only set-up strangely,
but the writing was also difficult to read. The post office worker told him that the lower
right hand comer should be for the sender' s address , and the upper left hand comer
can' t have the commemoration stamp randomly pasted on it.
22 Mter checki-in the luggage at Jinshajiang Airport, she continued to walk forward ,
and suddenly, she stopped to hold my hand for the first time. She said softly, "Wish
you happiness forever! Have a safe tri! "
23 Mr. He does things carelessly. He loses and forgets things all the time. Once 1 asked
him to please get my passport and library card from my bag. Instead, he ended up
bring
115

........
Vocabulary
A
'
new.'J8per
bo
bi
hug, cherish
bizi
C g1ass
bi
north
oHce
C; {a measure word}
{a modal PBI{e}
short, 10w
ixio
short and small
li1, 10ve
1i~e; hohhy
Mibin
the north
Bt!i D
Beijing University
Bt!ijng
Bt!ijnghu
Beijing
an
hushand or JI
peaceful, safe
qmet
ll1TI1nge
Bijng
njng
npi
b imiE
the City of Beij ng

the northem side
nqun
sa
bi
prepare
bik
prepare 1essons
bi
qUl1t; hy {passive form}
bizi
quilt
bn
{a measure word}; hook
iho
iren
At.f
bosh
eight
byu
Sh
Beijing dilect
bnkshng
undeTaduate
bnzi
notehook
bI
compare
'
bu
AugtIst
{a modal partic1e}
{a measure WOl preposition}
dad, fther
bljio
bba
dad
blr
forexamp1e
bi
white
brsi
match,
pen
bijil
white pint
bitin
daytime
bi
hundJf
penname
bIsh
wntten test
certainly
b
by
nish, accomplish
graduate
bin
side, edge, horder
bin
hecome
binhu
change
bi
show;
oon
c1ass
bnshang
in the c1ass
bn
sort
bn
handle
bngngsh
hn
oHce
half
bnnin
halfa J'Iu
biosh
ShOf express
bntin
halfa day, a 10.g- time
bioxin
pellrnJance
bn
companlOn; accompany
bioyn
peorm
bng
tohe
distinction; other; don' t
b19zh
tohe
hozi
ho
hodo
116
note.ok
8lTange
col11Jetition
bi
bo
bI
compare
bljMn
blnng
bikqunshencycJ.dia
hogo
homng
SlgtI up
surJce
other
hng
lce
hngchng
hngxi
skating rink
skating hoots
;7]<.
nerpaper
diwnt char.
bide
report {news}
report
lJ
hag; wr.P
steamed stuffed hun
report;
form, metre
hng
{used for emphasis} , and
hngqi
and
hng
ilJ, disease
bngrn
b
b
bcu
bdE
bgu
bxng
patIent
hroadcas sow
not, no
COJTeCj right
not on1y
hut
misfortune
bznme
not veF
bzenmeyng not much
s.
p~
bzhng
bfen
bmn
unit, ministry
mmlster
part
department
...
CIgUn
cnji
can
cntng
co
cochng
ch
chbi
ch
ch
chbi
ch
ch
chbudu
chng
Chngchng
Chngjing
chIgpQ
chng
just, only; ahility

timher, materia1, ahiy
vegetahlt cours. dish
menu
vegetahle shop
]om
VlSlt
]Oln
mea1
dining ha1l
grasp, hold 1erate
playground
brence dissimilarity
rence
check, 1.k into

tea
tea cup
look into
drer from, short of; had
ne81
similar
long; length
the Creat Wa11
the Yangtze River
long-distance race
ofen; ordinary
'
ch
8y
choci
ch
chn
chng
chngj
chng
chngsh
ch
chbuqI
ch
ch
chgu
chshng
chz
ch
chle
chU
ch
chun
stir'00
chu
overload
facing. dynasty
dynasty
chuntng
chunzhn
chung
chunghu
chn
chnj
chntin
c
cdin
dish
vehicle
mommg
hecome
result, achievement
Clty, town
City
eat
can ' t afford eat
hold, soport
go out
go ahroad
hehom
hire out; taxi
remove; hesides
exclpt hesis
clear
place, ofce, department
wear, cross
pass
tradition
facsimile
window
window
pnng
pnng
spn.
word
dictionary
tim OIY.r
cng
cngb
cngli
cun
cnzi
cn
from; ever
never
at a1l times
village
village
leave with, exist, he in stock
hicycle parking lot
fault; wrong
cnchch
cu
second
chngchngften
chngnin
ch
ci
ci
ci
cidn
cidin
cn
chozhng
cho
chodi
chng
chng
chngg
cho
choj
perennial
factory
a place where people gather
smg
Slj~ (a song)
su'llSS; super
Ser
D
'A
repl) answer
make, hit
open
plan
ask ahout
ki
dsun
dting
117
dzhohu
say hello, greet
dengrI
bj ell>st
dengy
ela1
ddush
great maJonty
low
dji
evel)'h
dl
land,
di
eldest sster
dlfang
place
dlng
ahove the nOl711al age for mam
dti
suhwa) metro
dmI
nce
dtiezhn
suhway staton
adult
dlt
map
dlzhI
address
younger hrother
ddi
younger hrother
dl
(aprex)
d y cl
rst
din
standard
dinlI
ceremony
din
cJ.F~t
dinci
order dies
dinzhng
o'clock
din
eJ.:cfy
dshI
amhassador
dshIgun
emhassy
dxio
slze
dxu
umversIty
dxushng college student
overcoat
di
historca1 perod, generation
dibio
depu( represent
dic
pronoun
di
hri
di dngxi
hri a
d1
sngle
dnc
word
dnwi
unit
dnzi
fonn, l st
dn
hut
dnsh
hut
dng
he; just at
dngron
.[ course
do
lead, gUde
doy6u
gut
doy6ut
tounst mP
do
upsi down
do
8ITl ve
doch
evel)' where
do
say;
dojio
Taosm
doII
reason
dol
road, way
de
dehu
(a stmctura1 p artcle)
f
de
(a stmctural partcle)
de
(a stmctura1 partcle)
get
dbng
118
doctor
difu
dy
di
dren
thng
nd
tram 2wus
dilhu
telephone
dinsh
teleron
dinshlti
tele vson staton
dinti
rado staton
dinylng
lm
dinylng m lm fan
ddo
dei
must, have to
dng
equa1;
dengdng
and so on, etc.
w.;
di
lose, mslay, throw, cast
dile
havelost
dngxi
thng
dng
winter
dn1
winter
dngtin
winter
surely
dng
understand, know
dng
move, act
dngc
vel
dngw
anma1
du
all
read
dzh
readr
ahdomen
dzi
ahdomen
degree
du1
10
duiE
have physcal traning
du
team
class
fi decde;
east
dng
the east
fa11 ll
get, ohtain, receve
sh store
dngbian
din
dng
drop
dinylng piofh tcket
'
elds
Taosm
soi~
dinch
t.
, go to
to
nverse
wat Ior someone
dulmin
oppos.
duxing
hoy or girl fnend
many
fngzi
ng
fngwn
much
duch shjin how 10(! {tme}

dume
how
dushao
how many (much)
son
hut, and
rqi
and,. also, tao
two
ryu
Fehroary
fng
puton
fngxn
he at ease
fi
to r; switly
fij
alp1ane
fijch1ng
al1].rt
fijpio
air tcket
fi
not; wrong; hhr. fr Africa}
fichng
ve
fn
minutt divide
mmute
fn
{a measure word}
fng
wind
fngd
demeanor
fngg
sty1e
fngll
wind por
fngmo
vlew, scene
fng
seal;
fasho
have a fever
fxin
discover
fyn
pronunclaon
fzh
deveJ.
meod
Fgu6
France
flgu 6ci
French meal
puh1ish
fiibilo
,,,.
fnzhng
utter, send out
-et
(a measure word)
rzi
chi1d, son; {a s uDix }
bphy
hungY
.?
u---m
fngjin
m-m
righ~ treat
du
enveJ.
{a measure word}
1aw
fu
negatt deny
fuz
otherwise
man, hushand
fi
hushand and
frn
La
Jt
f t1
clothes; serve, ohey

serve
Fwn
French
tUw
Fy
'ench
ft1wyun
wmter, server
hair
ft1zhung
costume
fn
nsJate
ft1
hppiness
f1y
'nsJa'1";
ft1qi
hppy 101
fE
he
father
fln
1n reverse; counter
fqin
father
nmin
reverse side
womai,
gynae.10gy
tum ove. cro
trans1ate
vCXeGuh1e
nylng
reactlon
fk
nyng
reDect
wonm
mand
woman
meal
hear, re1y on
fndin
hole1
he near, attach
f19u1n
IIaurant
fjn
nearhy
f1w1n
howJ
teacher, inslIUctor
f19
waJ sid. region
method
fngmin
a'Jt!ct
fn
fngshi
way
fngxing
directon
house, room
f19
gl
should
gan
empty
gnhi
drink a toast
gnjng
c1ean
119
ging
sen~
move,
JmpreSSlOns
gnxi
thank
pen
h11
go
god
god
aA de
gogr
goxing
gozhng
a taU person
t
k
stee1
taU
park
gngyun
gng
gngk
gng
gngtng
gu
g
ggu
gmng
gir1
gi
ancient
gdi
anC1ent tlmes
gilo
gish
gu
guzI
gu
gufng
gu
ancient
tell, dec1are
gos
tell
e1der hrother
g
gge
g
song
gq
song
the senior c1ass

do, get
g
g
gzi
g
pattem, slJ
gi
give, for
hang
gunch
ohserve
guldin
point of view
gun
accommlation
gun
gung
he in the hahit of
vast, wj-;expand
gungb
hroadcast
'
gn
gng
gong
gngchng
gngrn
gngshugj Commercial Bureau
gngy
gngzu
gng
gngfn
more, slill more
WOJ
factory
gu i
country
WOJ'er
guni
guwi
gu
gu
guq
intmal
follow
industry
to
WOI;
joh
me puhlic
male
centimetre
k t10gramme
highway
advertisement
e1ensive
hi
hizi
valuah1e; your
coun
jnese
painting
intemational
ahroad
resul fru.
to pas8; fau1t
in
orof e
for guests
hroadcaster
gunggo
gul
gu
guhu
gujl
gnggngqlch hus
120
it ' s h10wing
watch, view
according
h10w
gu
gnj
gngjn
gngl
me10n seeds
relation
me1on, gourd
gunx
c1assical poem
c108e, concem
atal1; hase
father' s sister
gu1
aunt, j'er' s sister
s /range
enough
gui
root (ofa p1an cause
lite
registered 1etter
gn
gnben
common
gu1oxln
gungbyu
altogether, common
everyr, each
schoo1work
rt7ster
size
reu1t
gu
(a measure word)
ment,
e1derhroer
heigt
civi1 servant
glad, h.ppy
hid farewell to
gngwyun
taU andhig
justnow
go
gobi
compaY
emo/Jon
g19bI
gngs
catch co1d
sense perceptlOn
just
he afjcted
sensro
gnxlngq
!eel,
gang
gngci
gug
do
cadro
he interestro
gn
gnb
gn
gndo
gnju
gnmo
gnqng
chi1d
chi1d
past
sea
hijn
navy
hi
evil; harm; hannful
F44v
hn
co1d
hnji
wIDter vacaon
hnli
co1d cwrent
h1
13
H80 nationality
Hndi
the Han
Hnxu
sino1ogy
Hny
the C'inese 180lfle
hny k
class in
1'l1asty
'1lese
hnzl
inese
hng
hoat, ship; navigate'
hngbn
scheduled flight
hngkng
afliation
ho
g ood, kind
character
exceUent
horn
good person
hotng
p1eas8Ot to hear
hoxu
he easy to study
hoxing
seem, he lil
ho
1i~e
ho
numher, date, mark
to dnlk
j"
hshl
suib1e
hzu
cooper.9te
{a sumame}; what
80d
river
c.e
red
h6ngch
h1ack tea
h6ngs
red
hu
p
hehind, after
hubian
hehind
huli
afterwards
humitm
at the hac hehind
hunin
the year after next
the day after tomonvw
hu
tim season;
shout, hreathe out
suddenly; neglect
hr
sudd
{a sumame}; rec/dess1y
H S
{name 01 a person}
htngr
18013, a.lt.Y
hzi
h
heard
wat
ger
each other
hxi19
mutua1, each other
doo househo1d
protect
hzho
paswrt
hu
flower; 'l1d
huch
scented tea
hudin
flower shop
hupng
flower vase
huqin
1end
hur
flower
pe80ut 011
hu
slide
huhng
skati.
huxu
skIng
hu
chemistry,' change
huxu
chemistry
hu
paind~;
hubo
pictorial
hur
picture
hui
painter
hu
word, talk
hun
merry
hunsng
see 08"
hu
give
hu19
yeUow
hu199u
Hungh
cucumher
the Ye110w River
hu19s
yeUow
hu
grey, ash, dust
hu
retum,
hud
80swer
hugu6
retw tohome18Od
huqu
go hack
hul
ve.Y
h6ng
h\n
"
h1ack
his
h1ack
hi
HMi Sh\ng Hehei Pro vince
hojle
nice /0 dnlk
hoh
hutin
hushngy6u
aU out
hohode
delicious
hoc
EJ'U
he afraid
hip
hi
or; stiU
also
hishl
1m
not had
sti1J,
hikl;yl
hi
paint
hack
8Oswer;
c8o, meet;
time
meed
assoclatlon
hulch19
meeting-p1ace
hulhu
conversaton
huljin
meet with
hn
mm
wedding
121
hl
wedding eeremony
hu6
1ive, movah1e, quiek
hu6dng
hu
aetivity
fre
huch
train
huchpi.o
train tieket
huchzhn
rai11y station
hu
partnersh
ji
ho1ida) 1eave
jiq
vaeation
jirl
ho1iy
ji
(of a woman) m81
Jln
jin
time
jinch
examJne,
hu
or
jinhu
simp
huzh
or
jinx
simp1ifed fonn
jih
at all, simp1y
jin
see
jinmin
meet
jinshi
penenee
jinw
infonnation
jin
(a measure wlrl)
opportum't) ehanee
store up;
aetiv. positive
1evel, degI grade
extreme; po1e
eo11eet, If8ther
jh
ga.er
j tI
eoUeetive
jzhng
eoneentrate
jI
afe howmany
jI fnzhng
a few mi(lutes
L
4
10.g-standing
assemh1e
eoun.
eompute;
jin
hea1thy, stre1hen
jinkng
hea1thy
jng
nver
jng
wi11, take, he ahout to
jingli
Iture
jing
88) exp'1
jinghu
peak lk
ji19k
teaeh, to 1eeture
Jl.o
assoeiate with, hand over
jiw
hallroom daneing
ji.o pngy.ou make friends
metre
eomputer
jl
rememher, note
jlde
rememr
jzM
reporter
jl
jlni
eommemorate; souvenir
jl
among;
season
jlji
season
jl
ho...
jl
qICh;
simp1e
simp1e
jhul
jin
Jn.JeCt
eompamon
maehint eroeia1 point
examme, mspeet
hubn
or mee
jindn
of ahsenee
reeoro
ji.oqin
topay
ji.o
teaeh
ji
eome a~ (a unI't of
money in ina: O. J yuan)
jilod
angle, point of view
Jii.o
IOt
ji.ob
paee
ji
eall
ji.o
sleP
eontinue
ji.o
fair1y
jlx
eontinue
ji.o
teaehing, re1igion
jl
send, post, depend on
ji.osh
teaeher
jlxnrn
sender
ji.osh
e1assroom
jl
aehievement,
ji.otOOg
ehurch
Jl
jishng
add, inerease
ji.oxu
teaehing
add
jioxu
teaehing method
edueation
family
ji.oy
Jl
jitng
fami~ home eeia1i
J.oy'
Ministry of Edueation
jiw
househo1d duties
Ji.oyj
Edueation Bureau
ji
fa1se,
ji.oyun
teaeher
jilde
fake
Jl
stllf1t
jid
stll1t
......

122
ji
shelf,
honr
17J.1
and
meri
fakt sham
fime
shout
ji.di
jilpng
winehottle
ji
old, used
ji dngxi
sth.
ji
then. as soon a
J
jzh
live, reside
oRce, situation
tangenne
jhung
orange colour
jzi
langerfne
hold, lifi; whole
ji
fstiva/, joint, node
jim
programme, item
jirl
festival
ji
knit
congeal; knot
seconG.hand
jigu
result
jihn
many
jiln
conclusion
ji
elder sister
jiie
elder sister
ji
sepaz
jifng
'herate
jiu
solve
ji
he siluated hetwoon
jlbn
hold
jisho
introduce
jxfng
hold (a meeting. . )
ji
houndazy
sentence
ji
holTOJI lend
jzi
senlence
solve Undeltand
jishzhng mrcard
>l11
jnni
this year
Jntin
day
Jln
occ.'Y;
jshu
ju
deci~ deterrni.
judlng
decidt decision
ju
ahsolute
judul
ju
ahsolute
feel
jude
feel
Jn
anny
jndul
anned force~IOps
(a 'inese unt ofweight:O. 5 kg)
metal, golden, money
jnshl
metal
jln
near pproaching
jln
enter, advance
jl
progress
jlnku
1mpoIt
jlnlai
enter, come 1n
jlnqu
enter, go mto
jlnxng
on1y
li
it is said
now on
reside,
atonc~
today, now
Jln
jnhu
Jln
Jnshjing Jinsh1mg River
according to
ki
10 open, staIt
kich
dri acar
go on, he in progrt.
kihul
hold a mooting
Jng
capital
kishI
1!!JD
Jng
pas throl
kishuI
hoiled ter
jngch6ng
'ently
kiwnxio
crack a joke
jnggu
pass, through
kixu
school Iens
jnglI
man.l5'er
k1
see,
jngshng
engage in trade
knbo
readanempaper
knblng
seea doctor
k19
health
k/lo
take an
koshl
examination,
a hranch of academic stu
kxu
sC1ence
measure J
can, mappro~ hut
J
--
jngyn
expenence
jngyng
engage 1D trade
Jng
eyehall
Jng
refined, smaIt; essence
jngshen
lively; spirit
jlng
clean
1[.
jlng
stiU, quiet
ji
investigate
ji
n1ne
jiyu
Septemher
jii1
alcoholic
street
wmecup
restaurant
on e
j ii1bi
jishang
looJ. read
examina~
tesl
tt~t
section
wine
kgul
lovahle
valuahle
123
K1
Coca Cola
knng
maJ possihle
ksh
hut
kyr
can, may; passahle
thirsty
overcome; gramme
kf
surmount
a quarter; carve
guest
krn
ktng
k
course, class, lesson
kwn
text
kng
empf) holJow
kngzhng
air hostess
hPPJ enjoy
1i
tired, fatigue d; toil
lng
cold
1engpnr
cold dish, hors d' oeuvres
off,
1hn
divorce
lki
leave
1r
ceremon)
1rmo
politeness
guest
11p1n
gl
drawing room
leave
courtY
11w
1r
{a sumame}
1r
ins
11bin
inside
11min
ins.
1r
physics, reason
xi.j i
awa'm;
kngxinc
water pinach
1If
haircut
kng
leave empty or hlank
11k
science department
kngr
-ee
111n
theo.Y
ku
mouth
11xing
iaal
kuh6 ng
lipstck
powe force
kush
pysical stre
kuyn
ra1 test
vOlCe, accent
foun d, stand, set up
kuy
poken lang.e
1k
immediately
'users
heautful
k zi
trouseI"
sharp; henefit
kui
{the hasic unit of money =
1yng
use
example, instance, case
1r
forexample
11
1zi
example
1i
two persons
lin
even;
1in
unit. jom
1ilh
unite
1inx
time
J.nts
yuan} , piece
'
kui
fast, quick, rapid
kuil
happ) j/
kn
he stranded
knnun
di1 lculty
lin join
connect
1u
{a modal particle}
lin
contact; relation
face
li
come
1in
practlCe
ln
hlue
lilX
exercJse
lns
hlue
li1
smelt, refne
1n
look at, see
I~
liIg
co]. cold
1n
lazy, indolent
lingkuui
nice and cool
1o
old;
1ing
two
lh
/Jger
liIg
h.righ. shine
1onin
old age
1io
fnish, settle; {used after a
1orn
the
1osh
teacher
1osh men
teacheI
1e
{a modal particle, an
'
alp
eI.rly
aspect particle}
124
verh } to a fnish
lioji
understand
1n
fores.
1ny
forestry
1ng
zero
{a
sumame}
lngd
zero
1ngshng
ahove zero
lngxi
be10w zero
1ng
ag.
11ng
e another
llngwi
besides, moreover
Dow, dnliJng
1i
years
give 09, risk

appearance
me
SufTlX}
mi
not, not have
mi
every
mt\ i g yu
eve month
miti1
everyday
mt\ i
beautifu1; Amen"ca
fo-
Duent
1i
stay, remain, keep, 1eave
Mt\ igu6
U.S.
lixu
stu abroad
mijn
Amen"can doUar
lixushng
student stu ahroad
mt\ ill
beautlr1
li
SlX
mt\ ishji
gourmet
liyu
June
mt\ish
art
16u
a ston"ed b U11ding
mt\ixu
aesthetics
16ufng
bui1ding
mixuji
aesthete
road, joumey
mi
younger slster
1shang
on the w.Y
mimei
younger sister
trave1
mn
(a measure word); door
111
ll1xng
-
.
/
to travel
lll.xngsh
trave1 service
green
Hch
green tea
l s
green
1un
at random, l disorder
1n
discuss; theory
1nwn
thesis
mo
mo
1i1l
mnku
entrance
men
(a suDx)
enchant, be 10st
m1
10se one' s way
mrn
channing
mI
nce, metre
mlfn
(cooked) rce
ml
dens CJ.e 'icJ. secret
mlqi
close, intimate
min
cotton
minmok
cotton 'leril.Jc}
ml1
fce,
bread
mum, mother
mma
mum
minbo
Dax; rough, pocked; ting1e
minj
area
mfan
troub1esome
mntio
nd
horse
mn
the peop1e
mhu
care1ess
mnhng
civi1 aviation
m. shng
at once
mng
name, title
ma
(a modal particle)
mngc
noun
m.i
buy
mngprur
famous brand
m.ima
business
mngpn
visiting card
mi
se11; hetray
mngrn
famous person
m. n
fu11, packed
mngzh
fmous hook
m.nyl
satisfied
mngzi
name
man
slow
mng
briJ.t clar
mnmn
sloly
mng
busy
mo
wool, (a unit of money:
'
-1-t
'f
trousers
DOU1 sia
mngbai
understand
mngchn
tomoITOw moming
mngnin
next year
1 yuan)
mngtin
tomoITOw
mobI
writing brush
mngxi.n
clear, obvious, evident
mok
10ng woo1en pants
mngxng
star
moy
wooUen sweater
m6
model, standard
125
mtr
m o.de1
nngcn
co.untryside
end
nngmn
peasant, fanner
mu
certmn
nngy
Tcu1ture
m o.ther
wo.man, daughter; male
mqn
m o.ther
y item
mqi1
at present
catalo.g ue
nl1 pngyou girlfnend
nxlng
the male sex
nl1zhung
wo.m en's
h 0.1d, take
nhu
adtt g.dat
nr
ni
where
insi
nirng
c o.n tent
that
nr
inside
nib
which
inteno.r
like 'at
nE
male
nnhir
hoy
nn pgyou iend
nnxlng
nnzhung
the S o.uth
nnfng
uth
nn
difficu1t, had;
nuch
taste had
nnkn
1y
nnshu
it ' s hard to. say
nntng
unp1easant to. hear
nnxu
difficult 1t
ne
(a modal partic1e)
nng
can; ene abzhIy
nnggu
can, he ah1e t o.
nngll
ahjJity
y o.u
nImen
y o.u
nin
year
ninj
grade
ninlng
age
ninnin
every J'IIU'
niuqng
y o.ung
niE
read alo.ud
niIg
nn
wo.m an, m o.ther

y o.u (respec1 fonn)
nng
ag.dcuJ."
126
hmY
unp1easant to. drink
cards, p1ate
pizi
p1
s" p1ate
p1ate; (a measure W o.rd)
p1
fra) p1ate
png
side
ron, march
png
mend
pngyou
mend
skin, 1eather
pxi
1eather sho.es
at e
pji
heer
pin
pin
1eaning, slanting
pinnn
to. the
pin
a Dat, thin piece
pio
do.uh1e
so.u.
pioliang
heautiful
pio
ticket
t1
pln
article
plnzhng
vanety
png
peacefu1, Dat, commo.n
png' n
sa and
pngcIg
o.rdinary
pngdng
ewity; elal
pngjlng
calm,
pngsh
at o.rdinary times
png
hottlt jar
pngzi
ttle
throw o.nese1f o.n
pkpi
poker
ayo.u~
fanner
vo.u.yha1l
pi
8JTa~e
plob
S o.uth
row;
side
men 's c10.thes
pi
piqi
ron
the male sex
ar, drea d, he afraid o.f
plo
nnbian
pugbin
then
nn
there
nme
n
nl
c10es
seven
ql
lu1y
so.und
fIni1
neat; together
his {her, it
he {sh they}
strange
qgui
strange
nde (n anima1 or hicyc1e)
chess or any hoard game
qI
start, nse
qlfi
t a.ke
qlmngzi
glve a name
ql
8Il
qlhu
climate
qlxing
meteoro10gy
ql
vpo
qlch
au.mohi1e
qlchpio
hus ticket
qlchzhn
hussp
qlshuI
soda ter
qly6u
petro1eum
qln
thousand
qin
forw8I~htre
ribian
in front
qinjln
advance
Ennin
the year he.re 1ast
qinti1
qin
money, cash
qinbo
wallet
qin
shallow,
qilU
light grey
qiIg
wall
h
.;J:..
qi
COJTelOnd;
qn
llltJmate; parent
qnml
anxious
youF
qngnin
youth, young peop1e
Juest
demand
c1ass
di'rence
me1o
tune
tune, me10dy
go
1ast year
die, pass away
llltel'St
comp1ete
the who1e country
comp1ete works
overalJ, comprehensive
ll
everyone
hut, yet
'e
roa1; rea.
reallY; reJ1e
so, nght
nhu
then; after that
rng
1et, give way; y rive

fonn}
hot; heat
llltJma
qngchn
autumn
rn
he c10se to
you green
autumn
dear
qng
autumn
just, even
excuse me
{hall game} fan
ligh superficia1
qi
qnjln
day heforo yesterrlay
qingshang on the wa11
qn' ide
as1l. roquest
steam
gas
L
S
off
p1ease, retest
h all, glohe
among
qzhng
as1l. invite
other
qt
fine day
ni
aw--i6EgH
time, penod
Id--iu
qJin
c1e8I fine
-u.
ggg1Imi-hmnnnmk
v
m
v
m
A
V
W
a penod of time, phase
ER
ma.'ISon
Rn D
Nationa1 Peop1e's ConlflISS
rnku
popu1ation
rnmn
the peop1e
rnshng
li
rnw
personage
rnxlng
human naturo
rn
recrnize admi
Enshi
knoJf understand
qngninrn youth
peop1e
qng
softly, 1ight
Enwi
consir
qngshng
in a soft voice
rnzhn
senous
qng
c1ear
rl
day, sun
qngchu
c1ear
rlbo
da.i1y p.r
qng
feeling
Rlben
Japan
127
rq
date
shenfnzhng
Rwn
Japanese
shenH
hody
ryngpln
dally artcles
shen
dark, deep
R yu
Japanese
shenln
daI hlue
r6 ng
looks; pennt
shn
prt a god
ru
meat
shnme
rupin
slced met
shnmeyng what model
rus
shredded meat
I as
rgu
rh
he as good as
how
match, game
siin
three
siinl
vh
so
ell'r hrother' s
sozi
elder hrorV
colour
Shiindng
Shandong (Pro vnce)
Shiinx SMng Shanxi Pro vnce

shiing
commeroe; dscuss
shiingchng
mm hazr
shiingdin
shengcf
new word
shenghu6
lfe; lve
shengql
get
shengr
hirthday
sheng
vOlCe
ang;Y
shengyn
sound
provlnce; economlze
sh
teacher
shd
nonnal school
shfu
master worker
shsheng
teacher and students
sh
poem
shrn
poet
shf
ten
sh' u
Decemher
shfyyu
Novemher
shyu
Octoher
shf
!Jme,
t. gro h raw
shng
hill, mountain
gve hih
falJ ll
shengblng
sand
whamch
shiin
sheng
si
. shii
moment
shop
shfdi
shhou
moment
och
shiingpln
commOly
shiingrn
husnessman
shfjiiin
tlme
shiingy
commerce
shfzhuiing
fshonahle dress
shng
shf
knm knowledge
shngbian
ahove, over
..,...
shf
sold e;
shngche
get on a hus
shfxin
realize
sh
food; eat
shftng
canteen, mess hall
sh
food
shI
make,
shI rn
enahle someone to
high mount go
Shnghi
angha
shngk
go to class
shngli
come up
shngq
go up
shngwl
forenoon
shngy
upper outer gannent
shiio
mn a fver, hum
sh
sho
cany on, con!Jnue
sh
houst shed
sh
agency, socJety
shhul
society
shen
hody
shenci
stature, fgure
shn
easy
--
r6ngyl
dentity card
128
lttle; he short
hut
reality
us employ
shlyng
use, employ
shI
hegnnng
shl
world
shlji
world
Shljibei
World Cup
shl
mm Cl~
shlchling
market, marketplace
shl
show
shl
typ style
shlyng
style, type, model
send
form, pattem
sh1
'ing air
sh1r
thing,
sh1qing
thing,
air
career
sh1
100k a regard
sh1ju
visua/ sense
sh1
test
sh
room
sh1
he
sh1
fit; suitah1e
shu
recelve
shudo
recelve
shu
h lLl1 d
shubio
wnt
shutfbo
hanQ
shux
ronna/ities
shu
head
shud
Cpita/
shuxin
first
shu
thin, emaciated, 1elLl1
shuUnjio
get up 1ate
shu
saJeak1k
shobshng clLl1not say
shuhu
pea ta/k
silk, a thread like ohject'
take
8I
driver
Sl
think
sko
'ink de.fy
sxing
though ideo1cY
s1
die; to death
s1le
extreme
s1
rour
s1hyun
a compound
watch
shuxio
thin
sh
hook; write
shbo
$atche1
shdin
hooksh.
sh
ca/ligraphy
shji
hookshelf
shminy.
written 1a.f!Uage
sh
unc1e
shshu
unc1e, (a chi1d' s fonn of

addn's
attend to
dead
s1shlt6ngtng
rour generations live

toge'er
glve
snggi
glve
sngl1
give sh. a present
teU
vegetah1e,
sci
vegetah1e dish
10dge for the
ssh
donnitory, hoste1
sun
ca/cu1att compute
su
year (of age)
sush
age
su
p1ace
for any young man
e1emen:
1eisure1y; stretch
suyI
so, therefore
shfu
comfortah1e
suyu de
own, a/1
sh
ripe, cooked,
shrn
acl"ntance
shxi
know sth. or sh. we1J,
sh.
n.l1t
he
his
he hom in the year of, he10ng
t de
to
tmen
thY
sh
sh
tree
sh
maematic numher
shxu
mathematics
shung
p81.
shu
who
7J
shu1
water
shu1gu
fruit
p3
shu1png
horizonta/ 1eve1
shu
sleep
pl"n
don familiar
he familiar
courty.
sng
sma/1
one generation its senior)

sh
wit houses
quadrang1e
(of a country)
lLI1 d
ch81
around a square
1elLl1 meat
sleep
Z
J
shuru
shu1jio
sh1y
matter
ski1J, technique, art
she
t de
her
tmen
thy
J/
tm
stlLl1d, p1atfonn, station
ti
extrem
titui
mad81
tng
a hall rora
tng
lie
t19yI
deck ch81I, 1azy Ch81I
douhle
'

(fema/e)
too
wiJ
pecific
p Ulpose
129
tngzhe
ng
to
(a measure word)
specif
shgn
tbi
d1; e.C}
tdin
characteristc
tng
ache hefondof
kick, p1ay
ti
carry in one's hand, lift, raise
"
tfgo
rase 1Jten
tfqin
move Up (a ate)
twn
put questJOn to
proh1em, suhject
tI
ho
co
gymnastics, aerohics
tIwn
(hody) t.mperature
tIy
orts
tin
t6uf
h ar
map, p lCture
tpin
pmre
tuI
'I8Y
1.
tul
retreat, retum
tulxi
ret1re
tu
h01d in
tuyn
to che.ck ,
palm,
cons.7
enst
for
shipment
wi
outside
wibian
outside
wigu6
foreign country
wiho
nickname
da) sk) heaven
wike
sU1eY
tinql
weather
wimin
outsi(
tinti1
eve.rday
wiwn
foreign 1anguage
tin
add, increase
w~y
foreign 1anguage
tio
(a measure word); stn;
WI
fnsh, he
tiojin
condition
wn
to p1a)
JJt
jump, hounce
tio
wnr
to p1ay
tiowl
dance
wn
evening, night; late
ti
stic paste
w'nbo
evenmg p.ler
ti
1ron
w'nfn
dinner
ting
hall
w'nnin
01d age
ting
listen
w'nshang
night
tingbdng
can 't understand
wn
hoJl measUI word}
tingdedng
can understand
(a sumame), king
can hear
w19
tingdejin
'
2
forget
hear
W19
tingjin
sense of hearing
wngjl
fo.t
tingju
heard of
wng
h 100k
tingshu
tingxi/'\
dictate; dictation
wi
he, do, act, heCOn.
tfng
front y ard, law court
wi
around
tng
stop
wiq
wi
weiqi (a game)
for
tfngchch'ngpazfing 10t
ove end
enjoy
over
tngzh
stop
wle
for
tIng
vezy; straight; stick out
wishnme
why
tng
open,
wi
have not
tnggu
hy;
wili
Iture
tngzh
notfy,
wi
(a measure word); p1ace
t6ng
togethe. same
JJ
11.
wn
temperature;
t6ngsh
at 'e
wnd
temperature
t6ngxu
C1lsmate
wn
wning, article
t6ngyl
agree
wnhu
culture
t6ngzhl
comrade
w~lng
gentle and quiet
tng
unite; aIl
wnk
liheral arts
t6u
head, h ar, chief
wnu
'erature
130
no.
connect
pass rough
i'l7l1
same time
W8I711
wnyl
1iterature & art
wn
hear, smell; news
xik
finish c1ass
wn
ask
Xl
go down
wnho
question m81
xiw
afiemoon
wnt
ques!11
xi xngq
next week
xuxOXOXO
xixu
snow
iy
I8ln
xi
summer
proh1em
m) mme
ntwe, us
xiji
summer
shakehands
itin
sumler
xin
ear1ier, first;
xinsheng
Mr. , gentleman
xi1
he ljJarent
xin
county
inchng
coun"
hous room
wiizi
room
five
Wi1S1
'e
Yndng
May 4th Movement
of1 919
May
noon
Wn
1unch
dance
air heeng.f!ed
'ing . matter
wlI
physcs
a1c
bt.!ro
show
xin
seat
present; appar
xindi
m'l71
ilXing
phenomenon
xinzi
now
yn-lis mu1tico10ured
a dish that goes with
h01d, grasp
wii
ijici
holic drinks
wwwww
1, me
dma
USLVMh
man of 1etters
w6ku63ia
hmes
Xlng
each other
xing
conry
xingxin
helieve in
xing
fragJ4 1petizing
xingshuI
pelIme
xing
want ink
west
xingnin
mss
xbian
the west
xingf
idea op"on
xcn
'stem-sty1e
xing
direction; face; towards
xf19rn
Westemer
xing
1. app/U8/1ce
xingpin
photo
xing
ppearance
'stem-sty1e
food
clothes
xgu
waennelon
zshi
Westem sty1e
xyo
Westem mtl('cine
(a doctor trained in) 'Stem medicine
xingqinese
xing
he like,
xio
sma1l
e1ephant
chess
pail
xiohir
xwIg
iohuzi
1ad, young feUow
hrea.
xi
Miss
know
xiopngyou
children, child
prachce
xiosh
hour
xgu1
hahit, custom
xioshu
nove1
he fond of; hppy
xioxu
primary schoo1
xIhu1
to like
xioxulng schoo1chi1d
xl
system,
xi
s1ende careful
xlxn
C8111
xi
he10H down
interest
d.nent; 1}ateto
xihian
he10 undr
xich
get offa car
next
xio
chi1d
schoo1
xio
1at11
iohua
jeer a 1aug. at; joke
xi
80me
xi
shoes
xidin
shoe
smi1e
s!ro
131
xil
wrlte
xuwi
academic degree
xi
thank
xuwn
systematic leaming
xixie
thank you
xux
stu
xn
hem centre
xuxio
school
xnqng
1lll1e
of mind
xuyun
college
xnzhng
in e
heart
xuzh
scholar
xn
new
xu
snow
xnni
New Year
xnq
strange
xnwn
news
xln
letter,
xlnfeng
envelope
xlnxn
confdence
Xlllg
prosper, nse, start
xng
star
xngq
week
xngq' r
Tuesday
xngqli
Saturday
xngq
Sunday
xngqsn
Wednesday
xngqsl
2ursday
IngqtIn
Sunday
xngqwi
Friday
xngqly
Monday
xng
Wlk;
xngli
haggage, luggage
xlng
mood or desire to do
xlngq
mterest
xlng
sumamlmilyname
xlngmng
l name
xlng
gd
xlngf
h1piness
xlng
nature, sex
xlngg
nature,
XlU
res
XIXl
have a rest
need;
xqi
ruirement;
xyo
need
xi
myhe
xdu
many
contnut add
xuln
select
xulnyng
select, choose
xulnz
select
xu
to
xunin
y
\L
1"
,
7A
132
Y
fai
s.7
stric 1Jt
yn
severe,
yng
stnct
ynzhng
grave, senous
yn
peech
yn
study
ynji
research
ynjihul
research association
ynjisheng graduate student
ynjisu
research institute
ynjiyun
research
yn
colour, face
yns
colour
yn
eye
ll
yanji
eld of vision
ylnjing
eye
ylnke
ophthalmoJ.7
ylnqin
at the moment
yln
pezfonn
ylnchg
sing (in a pel'nnance)
ylnyun
actor or actress
yn
examlne
yIg
she
yng
appearance, shape, sample
yo
demancl
yoqi
demand
yo
medicine
yodin
phannacy
yofng
prescnptlOn
yo
nt
yoshi
if, in case
ye
'0
yexi
peIps
course of stu.de
n~1Jt
yjin
at n.1Jt
school year
yli
at night
xuq
semester.
ywln
night
xusheng
student
one
ylbn
genera.
xushengzhng
all right
s.
frtune
diosition
st.
cease
necessan
demand
stu leaming
student 's card
word
.JJow
asA force
ask fr, need

also
ydianr
a little
.>-1-
ynggl
shou1d
yng
Britai hero
ydlng
certain1y, sure1y
ygng
in al1, total
Ynggu6
Britain
English
yk
a moment
Ylngwn
ykzhng
a quarter of an hour
Yngy
the English
ykuir
together
yng
'Jerate
yl
aU the way
yngyyun
shop emp10yee
ylq
ln unlson
ylng
shadow
f1m
ylng
comp1y
ylngyng
pp1y use
ylql
t('ether
yqi
al1
ylngpinr
1angu.e
wi
yxi
once
yxi
some, certam
ylng
reDect, mror
yyng
same
yng
forever
yyu
Januy
yngyuan
frever
~~
yng
sWlm
yng
use
yngf
usage
yngpln
artic1es for use
y6u
post, mai1
y6uj
post oflce
y6upio
stamp
y6u
oi1
y6uhu
oi1 painting
y6u
swim, trave1
y6ul1
to tour
y6uyng
SWlm
ylzh
yzhl
straigh always
sho'ng
no
diwnce
c10the.
yfu
clothing
medical science
yshng
doctor
yxu
yyun
hospital
yl
alrea
yljng
already
yl
use,
ylhu
afier
ylqin
he.'re
yIshng
ove. more
ylwi
medicI'ne
takt according
to
yu
former1y
riend
yu
have, there is
yubofu
havehh
helieve
yude
some
yl
chair
yudianr
a little, some
ylzi
chair
yugu1
re1ale to
yl
art, skiJl
yukngr
have time
ylsh
art
yul
advantageous
yl
discuss
yumng
fmous
ylln
talk
yuqngrn
10r
trans1ate
yushhou
sometJmes
easy
1eamed,
idea, meanl'ng
yuxuwn
yl
yuylsi
mterestmg
yljin
idea, opinion, view
ylsi
meanlng, oplnlOn
yn
hecause 01; reason
ynwi
hecause
yn
overcast
yntJ n
overcast sky
II at
ym
sound
fsh
ynyu
muslC
yru
the Desh offsh
ynyuhu
concert
yxing
2sb-smethhg':hot
ymg
should, answer
yngdng
shou1d
4~
JL
}~L
ahout
than
fiscuss
aspirations
knondgeah1e
yu
agam
yu... yu
ho...
yu
then'ght
yubian
the right side
yumiun
the right side
and
rmn
and
133
1anguage
grammar
Chinese (as a su;ect olstudy)
yyn
1angue
1Xu
linguistics
yn
pronunclation
educate, rear
inadvance
ybo
lorecast
pn'J8re 1essons
meet
ljin
meet
ln
sh. in a e1d 01activity
ln
a p1ace ror puhlic recreation
ln
crcu1ar; circ1e
choose
zn
how
znme
ho why
Znmeyng
how
zng
increase, add, gain
zngjl
lncrease
zngtin
add, increase
zhn
open up;
zhnln
ex'ihition
zhnlngun
exihition
exhihi(on
zh
stand, station
zhng
(a measure word); to open
zhng
chie/; grow; 01der
zho
heckon, recroit
zhohu
calJ
zho
touch, he affected hy
zhHng
he affected hy c01d
100k ror
zhodo
havelound
zho
shine, iUuminate
llf.
yun
h distant
~,
ln
y ard, institude
yunzi
courtyard
ahout; make ppointment
yuhu
ppointment
zhopin
photo
mon themoon
zhoxing
to photograph
yufn
month
zhoxingj camera
getover,
yuliyu
more and more
mus1C
-p;
y11n
c10ud
yn
move,
yndng
port
yndngchng
'JOrtsground
ynd
'JOrtswear
yndngyun
'JOrtsman
Yuunngyu1
Yuanmingyuan P81
0!J'Step
11n'JOrt
zhe
verhalp
zh
(a suj
zh
this
zhr
here
zhn
real.'e;
zhng
tO'01e
zhngg
wh01e, entire
zhngq
neat
zhng
S upright
zhngchllg nonnal
zhngho
just right
zhngqu
con't
mixro
zhngsh
ronnal, oDcial
zwn
essay
zhngzi
in process 01
zzh
mlJ'8Zme
zhng
demonstrate, prove
zi
lD
zhngmng
tes prove
zijin
goo{-hye
zhngsh
certicate
zh
(a stroctllral p81(cle); 01
zh jin
hetween, among
zh zhng
among
z:
one of
zi
zn
zllmen
realJy
IJ,
h alJ
once more
heat, in
weorus (jncludng thespeakerandlstener)
cludng
the speaker and lier}
moming; 10.'0 ear1y
zochn
mommg
zofn
hreakfast
zonin
one's ear1y years
zhang
mommg
standard, ro1e
134
right
zh
(a measure word); prop up
zhch
sust81n,
sIfJOrt
zh
knoJl know1edge
zhdo
know
zhmng
ce1ehrated
zhshi
zhshifnzI
zh
know1edge
zhun
transfr, change
inteUectual
zhung
c1othing; pretend
zhUn
allow, gr'1; ceJt
slra.
duty
zhnhi
intend, prepare
WOrkel
zhinsh
on time
zhu
tah1e
zhushang
on the tah1e
zhuzi
tah1e
zI
chi1d,- {a j
zl
word; character
zh
joh,
zhgng
staff and
zhy
profession
zhyun
oHice worker
zhI
only
zhyu
p'f
only, alone
zhI
'
2
10cation, address
zhl
recon
zhl
send; incur
zhng
cenlre; middle
zldin
dictionary
zl
seJf; m
zlr1
nature
zlxngch
hicyc1e
zng
always; total
zngshl
always
zu
walk, go, 1eave
zul
walk
zu
rent
wt
Zqi
foothall
zqichng
thall ground
zd
foothall match
zi
ancestor,
zhngcn
inesemeal
Zhnggu6
ina
Zhng!Jl6 ci Chinese meal
zhngjin
hetween, amo. middle
zhnlin
midd1e ge
zhongshl
Chinese sty1e
Zhngw
Chinese
zhngw
noon
zhngxn
centre
zhngxu
middle
zhngyo
traditional 'inese medi.M
zhng
c1ock, heU
zl
grancther
zhng
kind,
zigu6
one 's country
zhng
gro p1ant
zmi
grandmother
zhnghu
grow Dowers
zul
most, -est
zhng
we.'t;
zul d
b'est
zhngdin
focal point
zul hu
fjnal;
zhngyo
important
zul jln
recentl
zhu
circuit, week; thoughtful
zul xio
smallest
zhum
weekend
zu6
yesterday
zhuwi
around
zu6tin
yt'ferday
zhi
hos owne. master
zu
the 1efi
zhichrn
ancho1111an, hostess
zubian
the 1efi side
zhirn
master
zulmion
the 1efi side
zhiyo
mam
zuyu
ahout
zh
}jve
zu
do
zhch
residence
zuf
course of action
zh
help
zuji
writ.r
zh
fjx; notes
zuwn
composluon
zhy
pay attention 10
zuy
homework
zh
wish
zu:
author
zu
sJt
zuzhe
sitting
schf
I~
SOI seed
heavy
zh
wnte; marked
zhmng
famous, ce1ehrated
zhzu
nt
zhu1
ecial
zhuny
'ciality
work
grafllther
1as
zu
seat; {a measure word}
zuwi
sea p1ace
zu
do
135
Key to the Exercises
AB
AB B
AB AB
AD
AD
AB A
AB
? B
C&D C
136
ABD C
CD
BC
CD
AB
'
BCD AC
BD
CD
BCD
BC
CD
BC
BCD B
ABC
i
:
( 24 )
1037
:86-010-68995871/68326333
: 86-010-68326333
: hyjx @263.net
( 35 )
399 1044
2001 (1 6 )
2004
()
ISBN 7-80052-695-X 1 H .
9-CE- 3418P
: 24.00
1021()
f: APPROA(
4RNINQCI

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NEW

This set of courses is pecially ~esig~ed. with

iSBN 7-80052-695-X/H . 1021 ()

New Approaches to Learning Chinese

Rapid Literacy in Chinese

............. ....................... . "6

............. ....... ..................... .... ........................... 2

... ... ...... ...

..........".... .............................. ............................... ....... 28

........................ ........ ..............................................32

............. ....... ................. ....... . ...............................36

.............. ......................... .......................................... ... 40

..... ........................................ . .................67

......... ...... ... ... ......... .....

................ ....... .... ......

""""". "",, """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""......................................... 7

750 Frequently Used Chinese Characters

Lesson One ........................................."""""""""".."""""""""""".."""""".".""""""""".......... 4

..,"""""""""""",,,,",,""""",," "..""""" ",,""",,",,",,",,"",,",,"",,",,"",,"" """"""""""""""""" .......20

Lesson Six ...............

Lesson Seven """""" """""""""""""""" ""..""""""""""""""" ..""""""" " .........................28

Lesson Eleven .................. ......... .................. .... ................ . .46

Lesson Thirteen ........................... ........................................................ 54

News Report on China

Seventeen ...................... ............................ ............................. 72

Lesson Eighteen ......................... .................. .................................... 76

Lesson Nineteen ............................................ ....... ................ ........... 80

Lesson Twenty ....................................................................................... 84

Lesson Twenty-One ..............

Lesson Twenty - Three

The Death of Lao She

Lesson Twenty- Five

Lesson Twenty - Four

English Translation of the 25 Constructed Sentences ........................... 114

Key to the Exercises

1. Chinese characters cannot be read phonetically. Chinese characters developed from

of fornation. So it is logical that the sjmple

be taught first , progressing to the more com-

But in the approach of teaching speaking and writing si-

Knowing the meaning of

and does not give the characters the place they

thus greatly reducing the efficiency of

teaching Chinese reading.

should be taught separately.

In the reading stage character

should be combined with continuous spoken language

Leam the basic

Reading: prose , etc.

Spoken Chinese (oral course )

Common Chinese Radicals (writing course )

besides their a1luring charm and fascination.

Combining the characters into a sentence

Short sentences, containing as many new characters as possible.

The sentences are closely related to daily life.

introduced at the same time.

Only commonly used characters are chosen.

After introducing the 30 new characters , each text proceeds

30 commonly used words

the single-sentence text,

each lesson are all accompanied by aural cassettes. Also

woman, daughter; female

year (of age)