Contribution of Spirituality in Female Cancer Survivors Mental Health: A literature

Review
Introduction
Cancer death rate decrease mean that the population of survivor increased. Cancer
death rate decrease 23% compare to its peak number in 1991-2012 (Simon, 2016).
Population of breast and gynecological cancer 25 % of cancer population (PhillipsSalimi & Andrykowski, 2013). This, as predicted that cancer survivors reached 11.9
million in 2008 (Parry, Kent, Mariotto, Alfano, & Rowland, 2011). In Januari 2012, in
USA 13.7 Million cancer patients alive, 7 million of them is female survivor, and over
one million is survivors of gynecologic malignancies (Salani, 2013; Siegel et al.,
2012). Thus, because of increasing age and cancer incidence, advances in diagnostic tests and improved
therapies (NCCN in Salani, 2013). Since the population of survivor increase a health manajement among them are
needed.

A cancer survivor is any person who has been diagnosed with cancer, from the
time of diagnosis through the balance of life (American Cancer Society, 2014, p. 1).
Cancer survivor will experience changing in physical and mental emotional due to
therapy. In comparison to physical well-being, only one-third of survivors reporting
an excellent status of mental psyhologic. A substantial proportion of survivors
experience fears of future diagnostic tests (30%) and recurrence (20%) (Wenzel et
al., 2002).
A literature review reported that studies about spirituality and coping may provide
for nurses and health care specialists a better understanding of how to help patients
to face diseases, including cancer (Balduno, Liberato, de Vasconcelos Torres, de
Oliveira Torres, & Mendes, 2011). As it iswell known that gynecologic malignancies can leave a
signifcant impact, emotionally, physically, and fnancially, identifying needs and services may assist in the
transition to wellness (McCallum et al., 2014). Two common manifestations of the psychological impact of a cancer
and treatment on survivors are anxiety and depression. Anxiety is often instigated by a fear of cancer recurrence
(FCR), and persists during the survivorship trajectory . In an analysis of 150 women who were newly diagnosed with
gynecologic malignancies, ~50% rated FCR as moderate to high FCR is typically more common in younger patients
as well as those with lower quality of life and higher level of distress . Therapy, including spiritual/religious coping
as well as addressing social factors that improve emotional well-being, may help reduce this anxiety Screening for
symptoms at follow up visits may allow for earlier intervention. If anxiety or depression is detected, offering
psychotherapy and cognitive behavior therapy, in place of or in addition to pharmaceutical options such as
antidepressants or anti-anxiolytics, have been shown to be effective modalities.(Salani, 2013)

This period of survivorship need management of care (Salani, 2013) The

survivorship period incorporates the following: prevention of new cancer diagnoses,
surveillance for recurrence, assessment and management of side effects from
cancer and cancer treatment, and the coordination of care between patients and
healthcare providers.
Cancer is a traumatic event that threat of individual live. Traumatic event is an
antecedent of spirituality (McBrien, 2006). Eventhough spirituality benefted to
developing coping, however, it may delay in seeking medical care (Gullatte,
Brawley, Kinney, Powe, & Mooney, 2010)), and develop a fatalism belief. Moreover,
providing knowledge or educational information does not negate the influence of
cancer fatalism on screening behavior (Powe, 1997).

Another author reported that spirituality and religiosity indicated changes of mental
health problem among cancer survivor. Perceived R/S Change: 18.9% (n 21) of
participants reported experiencing R/S Change; 95.2% (n 20) reporting more R/S
Actual R/S Change, 14.4% (n 16) of participants reported experiencing change ;
68.8% (n 11) reporting a decrease in R/S. greater Perceived R/S Change at 12
months post-diagnosis predicting more severe depressive symptoms at 18 months
postdiagnosis (Kelly M. Trevino, Naik, & Moye, 2015). The use of negative spiritual
coping signifcantly predicted depression and anxiety, trend for lower levels of
spirituality to be predictive of higher levels of depression (Boscaglia, Clarke, Jobling,
& Quinn, 2005) and suicidal ideation (K. M. Trevino, Balboni, Zollfrank, Balboni, &
Prigerson, 2014).

There are differences between the various types of reproductive cancers, all share a
common thread and all undermine the patients identity as a woman(Ramondetta &
Sills, 2004)

Mood disturbance and QoL

Women who were more self-forgiving and more spiritual reported less mood
disturbance and better QoL (Friedman et al., 2010)

For Health Professional

For health professional understanding self and patient respond contribute to

better communication and promoting treatment program (Ramondetta &
Sills, 2004)

Population of breast and gynecological cancer 25 % of cancer population (PhillipsSalimi & Andrykowski, 2013)

Spirituality and Religiosity

Spirituality is the broader construct, encompassing all needs, attitudes, values,
convictions, practices that transcend our material and objective world, especially as
far as the meaning of life and hope are concerned. Thus, spirituality may be defned
as a combination of religious and existential (non-religious, related to meaning and
purpose in life) well-being (Paloutzian & Ellison 1982; Laubmeier et al . 2004).
Conversely, religiousness is basically a social phenomenon. Religions are defned by
the borders of institutional belonging, belief systems, traditions and practical
commitments. They can be powerful Objective providers of social support, e.g. to

cancer patients. Beyond this social and objective aspect, the great religious
traditions of humankind have all developed spiritualities. However, a spiritual
person may live outwith religious systems with their temples, mosques and
churches just as a cancer patient may search for help outside official medicine: The
feld of religion is to spirituality as the feld of medicine is to health (Miller &
Thoresen 2003). (Frick, Riedner, Fegg, Hauf, & Borasio, 2006)

This study is to identify contribution of spirituality in mental health condition of

Gynecologic cancer survivor
Method

Systematic Review
Database PsyINFO, MEDLINE, CINAHL.

Year all
Keyword
Female cancer survivor and Mental Health and spirituality
Inclusion Kriteria:
Full Text available
Inclu
29 artikel retrieved
Duplication

After eliminate duplication 17 articles retrieved.

Mental Health
Mental health is defined as a state of well-being in which every individual realizes his or her own potential,
can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a
contribution to her or his community (WHO, 2014)

The positive dimension of mental health is stressed in WHO's defnition of health as

contained in its constitution: "Health is a state of complete physical, mental and
social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infrmity."

Finding
Spirituality in these article discussing in various context. Meaning and purpose, faith
and belive, religiousity, and peace.
Instruments were used in the research
SWBS in FACIT-Sp 12 , FACIT-Sp 2 factor, spirituality domain in Quality of Life
Religious Identifcation and Spirituality scales; Private Religious Practices and Daily
Spiritual Experiences scales
Mental health
Depression, anxiety, Fear Cancer Recurrence
Instruments
Brief Symptom Inventory (18) items, HRQOL, WHO CIDI

Contribution of Spirituality in Female cancer survivors mental health

Quality of live:
Coping, Better mental functioning

Personal Growth: Meaning Purpose

References
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