Group #2

Presentation

Different Types of
Computer

Types of Computer
Analog Computers
These are almost extinct today. These
are different from a digital computer
because an analog computer can
perform several mathematical
operations simultaneously. It uses
continuous variables for
mathematical operations and utilizes
mechanical or electrical energy.

Analog Computer

Types of Computer
Digital Computers
They use digital circuits and are designed to operate
on two states, namely bits 0 and 1. They are
analogous to states ON and OFF. Data on these
computers is represented as a series of 0s and
1s.Digital computers are suitable for complex
computation and have higher processing speeds.
They are programmable. Digital computers are either
general purpose computers or special purpose ones.
General purpose computers, as their name suggests,
are designed for specific types of data processing
while general purpose computers are meant for
general use.

DIGITAL COMPUTER

Types of Computer
Hybrid Computers
These computers are a combination of
both digital and analog computers. In
this type of computers, the digital
segments perform process control by
conversion of analog signals to
digital ones.

Hybrid Computers

Types of Computer
Mainframe Computers
Large organizations use mainframes for
highly critical applications such as
bulk data processing and ERP. Most of
the mainframe computers have
capacities to host multiple operating
systems and operate as a number of
virtual machines. They can substitute
for several small servers.

Mainframe Computer

Types of Computer
Microcomputers
A computer with a microprocessor
and its central processing unit is
known as a microcomputer. They do
not occupy space as much as
mainframes do. When supplemented
with a keyboard and a mouse,
microcomputers can be called
personal computers.

 A monitor, a keyboard and other

similar input-output devices,
computer memory in the form of
RAM and a power supply unit come
packaged in a microcomputer. These
computers can fit on desks or tables
and prove to be the best choice for
single-user tasks.

Micro Computer

TYPES OF PERSONAL
COMPUTER

Types of Personal Computers

Desktops
- In desktop models the monitor sitting
on the top of the computer. In early
days like IBM PC were desktop models
which cases are horizontally oriented.
Desktop models are limited to three
internal mass storage devices. These
models are very small and referred to
as slimline models.

DESKTOP

Types of Personal Computers

Laptops
A laptop computer is a type of personal
computers. In laptop computers, including a
keyboard, touchpad, display screen and
speakers compiled into a single unit. It is
powered by electricity via an AC adapter
whereas Laptops are also called notebook
computers or notebooks. The first computer
described as laptop released in 1983 by Manuel
Fernandez that was too bulky in size but
assumed as portable one at that time.

LAPTOP

Types of Personal Computers

Notebooks
Notebooks computers are very light in weight as
compare to laptop computers. Its weight is less
than six pounds and placed it easily in briefcase.
The basic difference between the personal
computer and notebooks is display screen. In
notebook computers use flat panel technologies to
produce non-bulky display screen. If we talk about
computing power, modern notebook computers are
nearly equivalent to personal computers. Notebook
computers are more expensive than regular sized
computers.

NOTEBOOKS

Types of Personal Computers

Netbooks
It is an informal classification of personal
computers. But when tablet PCs are coming in
market netbooks are less common. Netbooks
have ranged size of 5 inch screen diagonal and
its weight is approx one kg or 2 to 3 pounds.
The netbooks trend came from Toshiba who
launched the Libretto 6 inch netbook whose
weight is 840g in early 1996 then Asus made
first netbook it is sold over 300000 units in four
months. Dell, Acer and the other companies
also took note and producing inexpensive
netbooks

NetBooks

Types of Personal Computers

Tablet PC
It is a mobile computer which is larger than PDA or a
mobile phone. Tablet computer integrated with touch
screen rather than using physical keyboard and also
using digital pen. In tablet PC you can get a lot of
functions like cell phone functions, wireless internet,
GPS navigation and a video camera. Its weight is varies
from 1 to 1.5 kg. Its battery life is three to ten hours.
In2000s Microsoft attempted to make a Microsoft Tablet
Pc but it is failed because of high cost. But in April 2010
Apple Inc. released the iPad which is low in cost and
increased usability as well as battery life.

TABLET PC

Types of Personal Computers

Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)
PDA or Personal Digital Assistant is a device which can
combines Telephone, fax, computing as well as
networking features. The basic functions of PDAs are as
a mobile phone, email sender, fax sender, and personal
organizer. Most PDAs are pen-based rather than a
keyboard for input. The first PDA Newton Message Pad
launched by Apple in 1993. Due to their high prices and
less applications PDAs get modest success in market.
The other names of PDAs are palmtops, pocket
computer and hand-held computer.

PERSONAL DIGITAL ASSISTANT

Types of Personal Computers

Computer Peripherals
The device which is connected to a host
computer, but not part of it is called
peripheral device. These are also called
input or output devices. Input, Output &
Storage are main types of computer
peripherals. A device such as Headphones,
Joysticks, Keyboards, Monitors, Mouse,
Speakers, USB Gadgets, USB Hubs,
Webcams are known as Peripherals Devices.

COMPUTER PERIPHERALS

Advantages and
Disadvantages of
Computer

Advantages
Computerhas made a very vital impact
on society. It has changed the way of life.
The use of computer technology has
affected every field of life. People are
using computers to perform different
tasks quickly and easily. The use of
computers makes different task easier. It
also saves time and effort and reduces
the overall cost to complete a particular
task.

Advantages
Computer can be used as a great
educational tool. Students can have access
to all sort of information on the internet.
Some great websites like Wikipedia, Khans
Academy, Code Academy, Byte-Notes
provides free resources for students &
professionals.
Moreover, the computer is being used in
every field of life such as medical, business,
industry, airline and weather forecasting.

Disadvantages
The use of computer has also created
some problems in society which are
as follows.
Unemployment
Different tasks are performed
automatically by using computers. It
reduces the need of people and
increases unemployment in society.

Disadvantages
Wastage of time and energy
Many people use computers without positive
purpose. They play games and chat for a long
period of time. It causes wastage of time and
energy. Young generation is now spending
more time on the social media websites like
Facebook, Twitter etc or texting their friends
all night through smartphones which is bad
for both studies and their health. And it also
has adverse effects on the social life.

Disadvantages
Data Security
The data stored on a computer can be
accessed by unauthorized persons through
networks. It has created serious problems for
the data security.
Computer Crimes
People use the computer for negative
activities. They hack the credit card numbers
of the people and misuse them or they can
steal important data from big organizations.

Disadvantages
Privacy Violation
The computers are used to store
personal data of the people. The
privacy of a person can be violated if
the personal and confidential records
are not protected properly.

Disadvantages
Health risks
The improper and prolonged use of
computer can results in injuries or
disorders of hands, wrists, elbows, eyes,
necks and back. The users can avoid
health risks by using the computer in
proper position. They must also take
regular breaks while using the computer
for longer period of time. It is
recommended to take a couple of
minutes break after 30 minutes of

Disadvantages
Impact on Environment
The computer manufacturing processes and
computer waste are polluting the
environment. The wasted parts of computer
can release dangerous toxic materials. Green
computer is a method to reduce the electricity
consumed and environmental waste
generated when using a computer. It includes
recycling and regulating manufacturing
processes. The used computers must be
donated or disposed off properly.

Components of
Central Processing
Unit.

 A typical CPU has a number of components.

First is the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) which
performs simple arithmetic and logical
operations.
Second is the control unit (CU) which manages
the various components of the computer. It
reads and interprets instructions from memory
and transforms them into a series of signals to
activate other parts of the computer. The
control unit calls upon the arithmetic logic unit
to perform the necessary calculations.

 . Third is the cache, which serves as high-speed

memory where instructions can be copied to and
retrieved.
Early CPUs consisted of many separate
components, but since the 1970s they have been
constructed as a single integrated unit called a
microprocessor.
As such, a CPU is a specific type of microprocessor.
The individual components of a CPU have become
so integrated that you can't even recognize them
from the outside. The CPU shown below is about 2
inches by 2 inches in size.

 The clock rate of a processor is

the speed at which instructions
are executed.