1

ABOUT DISHA PUBLICATION

CHAPTER

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to be the most useful for all kind of competitive exam.

AVERAGE

Average age of 30 students

In the pure mathematical sense, an average is a calculated value,

obtained by adding values and dividing the sum by the number of
values. In English, this value is called the mean.
Hence, average =

sum of elements
number of elements

Example 1: To find the average of 3, 5 and 7.

Sol. Step 1: Find the sum of the numbers.
3 + 5 + 7 = 15
Step 2: Calculate the total number.
There are 3 numbers.
Step 3: Finding average.
15
=5
3

125 262 387

=
= 12.9 years
30
30

Example 5: The average weight of 24 students in a class is 35 kg.

if the weight of the teacher is included, the average weight rises
by 400 gms. Find the weight of the teacher.
Sol. Total weight of 24 students
= (24 35) kg = 840 kg
Total weight of 24 students and the teacher
= (25 35.4) kg = 885 kg
Weight of teacher
= (885 840) kg = 45 kg
Formulas to Remember

QUICKER M ETHOD TO SOLVE QUEST IONS ON

AV ERAG E
Sum of elements = average no. of elements
Example 2: The average of marks obtained by 4 students in a
class is 65. Find the sum of marks obtained?
Sol. Here, number of students = 4
Average = 65
sum of marks obtained = 65 4 = 260
Example 3: If the sum of elements and average are respectively 65
and 13, then find the number of elements.

The average of first n natural numbers =

n 1
2

The average of the first n consecutive even numbers

= (n + 1)
The average of the first n consecutive odd numbers = n
The average of the squares of the first n natural numbers can
be shown to be

1
(n + 1) (2n + 1)
6

x x 1
.
2
The average of odd numbers from 1 to n is

The average of first n multiples of x is

Sol. Number of elements =

Sum of elements
Average

65
=
13

Example 4: There are 30 students in a class. The average age of

the first 10 students is 12.5 years. The average age of the next 20
students is 13.1 years. Find the average age of the whole class.
Sol. Total age of 10 students
= 12.5 10 = 125 years
Total age of 20 students
= 13.1 20 = 262 years

Last odd number 1

2
The average of even numbers from 1 to n is

Last even number

2

If average of n 1 observations is x 1 and average of

n2 observations is x2, then average of total observations
(n1 + n2) will be

n1x1 n 2 x 2
.
n1 n 2

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E X E RC I S E
1.

The average of 5 consecutive odd numbers A, B, C, D and E

is 45. What is the product of B and D ?
(a) 2107

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

(b) 2205

(c) 1935
(d) 2021
Find the average of the following set of scores
566, 455, 231, 678, 989, 342, 715
(a) 590
(b) 555
(c) 568
(d) 513
The average age of five officers in a department is 32 years.
If the age of their supervisor is added the average is increased
by 1. What is the supervisor's age?
(a) 32 years
(b) 48 years
(c) 38 years
(d) 42 years
If 47a + 47b = 5452 then what is the average of a and b ?
(a) 11

(b) 23.5

(c) 96

(d) 58

The average of five numbers is 281. The average of the first

two numbers is 280 and the average of the last two numbers
is 178.5. What is the third number ?
(a) 488
(b) 336
(c) 228
(d) 464
Out of three given numbers, the first number is twice the
second and thrice the third. If the average of the three numbers is 154, what is the difference between the first and the
third number?
(a) 126
(b) 42
(c) 168
(d) 52
1
Average weight of three boys P, T and R is 54 kgs while
3
the average weight of three boys, T, F and G is 53 kgs. What
is the average weight of P, T, R, F and G?
(a) 53.8kgs
(b) 52.4kgs
(c) 53.2kgs
(d) Cannot be determined
The average weight of a group of 75 girls was calculated as
47 kgs. It was later discovered that the weight of one of the
girls was read as 45 kgs., whereas her actual weight was 25
kgs. What is the actual average weight of the group of 75
girls? (Rounded off to two digits after decimal)
(a) 46.73 kgs.
(b) 46.64 kgs.
(c) 45.96 kgs.
(d) Cannot be determined
The sum of five numbers is 290. The average of the first two
numbers is 48.5 and the average of last two numbers is 53.5.
What is the third number?
(a) 72

(b) 86

(c) 96

(d) 108

11.

12.

The average of four positive integers is 73.5. The highest

integer is 108 and the lowest integer is 29. The difference
between the remaining two integers is 15. Which of the
following is the smaller of the remaining two integers ?
(a) 80

(b) 86

(c) 71

(d) Cannot be determined

The average monthly income of a family of four earning

members was ` 15,130. One of the daughters in the family
got married and left home, so the average monthly income
of the family came down to `14,660. What is the monthly
income of the married daughter?
(a) ` 15,350

(b) ` 12,000

(c) ` 16,540

(d) Cannot be determined

A sequence of seven consecutive integers is given. The

average of the first five given integers is n. Find the average
of all the seven integers.
(a) n

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

(b) n 1

n 1
n
The average of 11 results is 50. If the average of first six
result is 49 and that of last six results is 52, find the sixth
result.

(c) n + 1

(d)

(a) 2

(b) 64

(c) 56

(d) 65

In a coconut grove, (x + 2) trees yield 60 nuts per year, x

trees yield 120 nuts per year and (x 2) trees yield 180 nuts
per year. If the average yield per year per tree be 100, then x
is
(a) 3

(b) 4

(c) 5

(d) 6

30 pens and 75 pencils were purchased for Rs 510. If the

average price of a pencil was Rs 2.00, find the average price
of a pen.
(a) ` 10

(b) ` 11

(c) ` 12

(d) cannot be determined

The average of 20 numbers is zero. Of them, at the most,

how many may be greater than zero?
(a) 0

(b) 1

(c) 10

(d) 19

The average age of A and B is 20 years. If C were to replace

A, the average would be 19 and if C were to replace B, the
averge would be 21. What are the age of A, B and C?
(a) 22, 18, 20

(b) 20, 20, 18

(c) 18, 22, 20

(d) None of these

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3
18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

24.

25.

26.

The average age of a group of person going for picnic is 16

years. Twenty new persons with an average age of 15 years
join the group on the spot due to which their average
becomes 15.5 years. Find the number of persons initially
going for picnic.
(a) 20
(b) 18
(c) 22
(d) None of these
The average age of 36 students in a group is 14 years. When
teachers age is included to it, the average increases by one.
What is the teachers age in years?
(a) 31
(b) 36
(c) 51
(d) cannot be determined
A batsman in his 12th innings makes a score of 65 and
thereby increases his average by 2 runs. What is his average
after the 12th innings if he had never been not out?
(a) 42
(b) 43
(c) 44
(d) 45
The average number of printing error per page in a book of
512 pages is 4. If the total number of printing error in the first
302 pages is 1,208, the average number of printing errors per
page in the remaining pages is
(a) 0
(b) 4
(c) 840
(d) 90
The average of a batsman for 40 innings is 50 runs. His
highest score exceeds his lowest score by 172 runs. If these
two innings are excluded, his average drops by 2 runs. Find
his highest score.
(a) 172
(b) 173
(c) 174
(d) 175
A batsman makes a score of 87 runs in the 17th inning and
thus increases his average by 3. Find his average after 17th
inning.
(a) 36
(b) 39
(c) 42
(d) 45
Nine men went to a hotel. 8 of them spent ` 3 each over their
meals and the ninth spent Rs 2 more than the average
expenditure of all the nine. The total money spent by all of
them was
(a) ` 26
(b) ` 40
(c) ` 29.25
(d) ` 27
The mean of 30 values was 150. It was detected on rechecking
that one value 165 was wrongly copied as 135 for the
computation of the mean. Find the correct mean.
(a) 151
(b) 149
(c) 152
(d) None of these
A car owner buys petrol at Rs 7.50, Rs 8.00 and Rs 8.50 per
litre for three successive years. What approximately is his
average cost per litre of petrol if he spends Rs 4000 each
year ?
(a) ` 8
(b) ` 9
(c) ` 7.98
(d) ` 8.50

27.

28.

29.

30.

31.

32.

33.

34.

A family consists of grandparents, parents and three

grandchildren. The average age of the grandparents is 67
years, that of the parents is 35 years and that of the
grandchildren is 6 years. What is the average age of the
family?
(a)

28

4
years
7

(b) 31

5
years
7

(c)

32

1
years
7

(d) None of these

The average of two numbers is XY. If one number is X, then

the other number is

Y
2

(a) Y

(b)

(c) 2XY X

(d) X (Y 1)

The average of 10 numbers is 40.2. Later it is found that two

numbers have been wrongly copied. The first is 18 greater
than the actual number and the second number added is 13
instead of 31. Find the correct average.
(a) 40.2

(b) 40.4

(c) 40.6

(d) 40.8

If the mean score in mathematics of a class of 50 students is

45, then the total marks obtained by them are :
(a) 45

(b) 95

(c) 2250

(d) 50

The average age of 80 boys in a class is 15. The average age

of a group of 15 boys in the class is 16 and the average age
of another 25 boys in the class is 14. What is the average
age of the remaining boys in the class ?
(a) 15. 25

(b) 14

(c) 14. 75

(d) Cannot be determined

The average of four consecutive odd numbers is 36. What

is the smallest of these numbers ?
(a) 31

(b) 35

(c) 43

(d) None of these

The total of the ages of a class of 75 girls is 1050, the average

age of 25 of them is 12 yrs and that of another 25 is 16 yr.
Find the average age of the remaining girls.
(a) 12 yrs

(b) 13 yrs

(c) 14 yrs

(d) 15 yrs

The average age of a group of 16 persons is 28 yrs and 3

months. Two persons each 58 yrs old left the group. The
average age of the remaining persons is
(a) 26

(b) 24

(c) 22

(d) 20

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4
35.

36.

37.

The average weight of 8 persons is increased by 2.5 kg

when one of them who weighs 56 kg is replaced by a new
man. The weight of the new man is
(b) 72 kg

(a) 40 years

(b) 45 years

(c) 75 kg

(d) None of these

(c) 50 years

(d) 55 years

A man drives to his office at 60 km/hr and returns home

along the same route 30 km/hr. Find the average speed.
(a) 50 km/hr

(b) 45 km/hr

Abhays age after six years will be three-seventh of his

fathers age. Ten years ago, the ratio of their ages was 1 : 5.
What is Abhays fathers age at present?

(c) 40 km/hr

(d) 55 km/hr

(a) 30 yrs.

(b) 40 yrs.

(c) 50 yrs.

(d) 60 yrs.

One-third of a certain journey is covered at th rate of 25 km /

hr, one-fourth at the rate of 30 km / hr and the rest at 50 km /
hr. Find the average speed for the whole journey.
1
33 km / hr
3

1
(c) 33 km/ hr
5

39.

40.

41.

42.

43.

The age of a man is three times the sum of the ages of his
two sons. Five years hence, his age will be double of the
sum of the ages of his sons. The father's present age is

(a) 73 kg

(a)

38.

44.

(b)

(d)

44

45.

46.

1
km / hr
4

1
44 km / hr
5

47.

Find the average of first 40 natural numbers.

(a) 20.2

(b) 20.8

(c) 20.1

(d) 20.5

Find the average of the first 12 multiples of 12.

(a) 82

(b) 86

(c) 79

(d) 78

48.

The average marks of 90 students is 56. Later on it is found

that marks of one student is misread as 36 instead of 63.
Find the correct average.
(a) 56.2

(b) 56.3

(c) 56.4

(d) Cannot be determined

49.

What is the average of all numbers from 1 to 100 that end

at 6?
(a) 57

(b) 52

(c) 53

(d) 51

The ages of Aarzoo and Arnav are in the ratio of 11:13

respectively. After 7 years the ratio of their ages will be
20:23. What is the difference in years between their ages?
(a) 4 years

(b) 7 years

(c) 6 years

(d) 5 years

The average age of a woman and her daughter is 42 years.

The ratio of their ages is 2:1. What is the daughter's age?
(a) 28 years

(b) 48 years

(c) 52 years

(d) 32 years

50.

The present ages of three persons are in proportions

4 : 7 : 9. Eight years ago, the sum of their ages was 56. Find
their present ages (in years).
(a) 8, 20, 28

(b) 16, 28, 36

(c) 20, 35, 45

(d) 25, 30, 40

The sum of the ages of a father and his son is 45 years. Five
years ago, the product of their ages is 34. Find the present
age of father.
(a) 32 years

(b) 36 years

(c) 38 years

(d) 39 years

The sum of the ages of 5 children born at the intervals of 3

years each is 50 years. What is the age of the youngest
child?
(a) 4 years

(b) 8 years

(c) 10 years

(d) 12 years

The present age of the father and the son are in the ratio of
8:3. After 12 years the ratio of their ages will be 2:1. What is
the sum of the present age of the father and the son?
(a) 66yrs

(b) 70yrs

(c) 74yrs

(d) 78yrs

Out of the three given numbers, the first number is twice the
second and thrice the third. If the average of the three
numbers is 121, what is the difference between the first and
the third number?
(a) 132

(b) 99

(c) 77

(d) 144

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Answer Key
1

(d)
(c)
(c)
(d)
(a)

2
3
4
5

6
7
8
9
10

(c)
(d)
(a)
(b)
(c)

11

16

(c)
(c)
(c)
(b)
(c)

12
13
14
15

17
18
19
20

(d)
(a)
(a)
(c)
(b)

21
22
23
24
25

(b)
(c)
(b)
(c)
(a)

26
27
28
29
30

(c)
(b)
(c)
(a)
(c)

31
32
33
34
35

(a)
(d)
(c)
(b)
(d)

36
37
38
39
40

(c)
(a)
(d)
(d)
(b)

41

46

(d)
(c)
(a)
(b)
(c)

42
43
44
45

(b)
(d)
(a)
(a)
(a)

47
48
49
50

ANSWERS & SOLUTIONS

1.

and the third number = 2x

(d) Let the first odd number, A be x.

According to the question

According to the question,

A + B + C + D + E = 5 45

6x + 3x + 2x = 154 3
or, 11x = 154 3

x + x +2 +x + 4 + x +6 + x + 8 = 225
5x + 20 = 225

x=

5x = 225 - 20 = 205
x=

205
5

154 3
11

42

Required difference = 6x 2x = 4x = 4 42 = 168

41

A = 41, B = 43, C = 45, D = 47

7.

(d)

8.

(a) Additional weight = 45 25 = 20 kg.

B D = 43 47 = 2021
2.

Actual average weight = 47

(c) Average score

=

566 455 231 678 989 342 715

7

9.

Difference between two integers = 15

(c) Supervisor's age = 32 + 6 = 38 years

4.

(d)

47a + 47b = 5452

The smaller number =

47 (a +b) = 5452
11.
a b
2

5452
47 2

Required average = 58
(a) Assume the third number = x
According to question
2 280 + x + 178.5 2 = 281 5
or, 560 + x + 357 = 1405
or, x + 917 = 1405
or, x = 1405 - 917 = 488
6.

(c) Sum of four integers = 73.5 4 = 294

Sum of two middle integers = 294 (108 + 29) = 157

568

3.

5.

(b) Third number = 290 (48.5 2) (53.5 2)

= 290 97 107 = 86

10.
3976
=
7

20
= 46.73 kg.
75

(c) Let the first number be = 6x

Second number = 3x

157 14
= 71
2

(c) Monthly income of the married daughter

= 15130 4 14660 3
= 60520 43980 = ` 16540

12.

(c) Let the seven consecutive integers be

x, x + 1, x + 2, ......., x + 6
The sum of the first five is
x + x + 1 + x + 2 + x + 3 + x + 4 = 5x + 10
The average of these five is

5x 10
5

x 2

The average of the seven will be

5x 10 x 5 x 6 7x 21
=
7
7

x 3

As x + 2 = n, so x + 3 = x + 2 + 1 = n + 1

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6
13.

21.

(c) Average of 11 results

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

(b) Remaining pages = 512 302 = 210

Let average printing error in remaining pages = x

Average of last 6 results = 52

Then,

Average of first 6 results = 49

It is quite obvious that the sixth result is included twice,
once in the first six results and second in the last six
results.

22.

Value of the sixth result = (Sum of first six results)

1208 210 x
512

210x = 840 x = 4
(c) Total runs = 40 50 = 2000
Let his highest score be =x
Then his lowest score = x 172

+ (Sum of last six results) Sum of 11 results

= 6 49 + 6 11 50 = 56
14.

15.

(b)

Now

(x 2) 60 x 120 (x 2) 180
(x 2) x (x 2)

360x 240
3x

100

60x

240

100

23.
4

(c) Since average price of a pencil = Rs 2

24.

Price of 75 pencils = Rs 150

and Price of 30 pens = Rs (510 150) = Rs 360
360
30

Average price of a pen

16.

25.

2000 x (x 172)
38

2x = 2172 1824
x = 174
(b) Let the average after 17th inning = x.
Then, average after 16th inning = (x 3).
16(x 3) + 87 = 17x or x = (87 48) = 39.
(c) Let the average expenditure of all the nine be Rs x
Then, 3 8 + x +2 = 9x x = 3.25
Total money spent = 9x = 9 3.25 = Rs. 29.25
150 30 135 165
30

(a) Corrected mean

Rs 12

(d) Average of 20 numbers = 0.

4500 135 165

30

Sum of 20 numbers = (0 20) = 0.

It is quite possible that 19 of these numbers may be
positive and if their sum is a, then 20th number is ( a).
17.

(a) Given A + B = 40

(ii)

A + C = 42

(iii)

(i) + (ii) + (iii)

26.

A + B + C = 60

(iv)

C = 20 years

12000
4000 4000
8.5
8

4000
7.5

3
2 1 2
15 8 17

from (i) and (iv), we get

4530
30

6120
767

Rs 7.98 per litre

B = 18 years and A = 22 years

18.

(a) Let the number of persons, initially going for

27.

(b) Required average =

Picnic = x
Sum of their ages = 16x
Also,

16x 15 20
x 20

0.5x 10
19.
20.

15.5

20 years

(c) Age of the teacher = (37 15 36 14) years = 51

years.
(b) Let x be the average score after 12 th innings
12 x = 11 (x 2) + 65
x = 43

134 70 18
7
28.

67 2 35 2 6 3
2 2 3
222
7

31

5
years.
7

(c) Let the other number be N.

Then,

29.

151

(c) Let average cost of petrol per litre be Rs x

Then x

(i)

C + B = 38

48

X N
2

XY

N = 2XY X

(a) Sum of 10 numbers = 402

Corrected sum of 10 numbers
= 402 13 + 31 18 = 402
Hence, new average

402
10

40.2

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7
30.
31.

80 15

=
32.

15 16 25 14
40

1200 590
40

15.25

(d) x + x + 2 + x + 4 + x + 6 = 4 36
4x + 12 = 144
4x = 144 12
4x = 132

33.

40.

(c) Total marks = 45 50 = 2250

(a) Average age of the remaining boys

Correct Average =
41.

132
4

33

(c) Average age of the remaining girls.

=
=

1050

25 12 25 16

25

1050

300 400
25

42.

1
2 58
4
14

34.

(b)

35.
36.

(d) 56 + 8 2.5 = 76 kg
(c) By Direct Formula :
Average =

2 60 30
60 30

2 60 30
90

(a)

x
4

43.

5
x at the speed of 50 km/hr..
12

Total time taken during the journey of x km

=

x
5x
18 x
hrs
hrs =
hrs
4 30
12 50
600

x
hrs
3 25

3x
hrs
100

38.

100
3

1
33 km/hr
3

(d) Sum of the first 40 natureal numbers =

Average =
39.

x
18 x
600

820
40

40 41
820
2

20.5

(d) Sum of sthe first 12 multiples of 12 are

(12 1) + (12 2) + (12 3) + ....+ (12 12 )
12 (1 + 2 + 3 + ....+ 12)
12 12 13
2

Average

936
18

44.

936

78

21
7

Difference between their ages = 13x - 11x

= 2x = 2 3 = 6 years
(a) Let the age of woman be 2x years and that of her
daughter be x years.
According to the question,
2x + x = 2 42
or, 3x = 84
or, x =

average speed =

20
23

40 km/hr

x
of 25 km/hr and km at 30 km/hr and the rest distance
4

x
3

51

or, 260x + 140 = 253x + 161

or, 260x - 253x = 161 - 140
or, 7x = 21

x
Let the total journey be x km. Then km at the speed
3

510
10

11x 7
13 x 7

37.

56.3

(c) Let the present ages of Aarzoo and Arnav be 11x and
13x years respectively.
According to the question,
or,

24

5067
90

(d) The numbers from 1 to 100 that end at 6 are 6, 16, 26, 36,
46, 56, 66, 76, 86, 96
Sum = 6 + 16 + 26 + + 96 = 510
Average =

1050 700
= 14 years
25

16 28

(b) Sum of 90 students marks = 90 56 = 5040

As marks 63 misread 36
Correct sum of 90 students marks
= 5040 + 63 36 = 5067

84
= 28
3

(b) Let the fathers present age be x and sons age be x1

and x2.
Now,
x = 3(x1 + x2)
.....(i)
Also,
x + 5 = 2(x1 + 5 + x2 + 5)
x + 5 = 2(x1 + x2 + 10)
.....(ii)
Putting value of (x1 + x2) =
x+5 = 2

45.

x
from (i) in equation (ii)
3

x
10 = 45
3

(c) Let the ages of Abhay and his father 10 years ago be x
and 5x years respectively. Then,
Abhays age after 6 years = (x + 10) + 6 = (x + 16) years.
Fathers age after 6 years = (5x + 10) + 6 = (5x + 16)
years.

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8
(x + 16) =

3
5x 16
7

49.

son be y. Then y

7x + 112 = 15x + 48
8x = 64

20x = 80

x = 4.

Their present ages are 16 yrs, 28 yrs. and 36 yrs.

respectively.
(d) Let the ages of father and son be x and (45 x) years
respectively.
Then, (x 5) (45 x 5) = 34
(x 5) (40 x) = 34
(x 39) (x 6) = 0

x2 45x + 234 = 0

50.

x = 4.

Age of the youngest child = x = 4 years.

x + 12 = 2y + 24

3x
2

According to the question.

or, 3x +

3x
+ x = 3 121
2

or,

6 x 3x 2 x
= 3 121
2

or,

11x
= 3 121
2

Then, x + (x + 3) + (x + 6) + (x + 9) + (x + 12) = 50
5x = 20

2
1

First number = 3x and second number =

(a) Let the ages of children be x, (x + 3), (x + 6)

and (x + 12) years.

...(i)

x 2y = 12
...(ii)
From eqn (i) and (ii), x = 48, y = 18
sum = 66 yrs.
(a) Let the third number be = x

x = 39 or x = 6.

Fathers age = 39 years and sons age = 6 years

48.

x 12

Further, y 12

(b) Let their present ages be 4x, 7x and 9x years

respectively.
Then, (4x 8) + (7x 8) + (9x 8) = 56

47.

8
3

3x = 8y

x = 8.

Hence, Abhays fathers present age = (5x + 10) = 50

years.
46.

(a) Let the present age of the father be x and that of the

7 (x + 16) = 3 (5x + 16)

x=

3 121 2
= 66
11

Third number = 66
Required difference = 3x x = 2x = 2 66 = 132

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