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Soil friction angle is a shear strength parameter of soils. Its definition is derived from the Mohr-Coulomb
failure criterion and it is used to describe the friction shear resistance of soils together with the normal
effective stress.
In the stress plane of Shear stress-effective normal stress, the soil friction angle is the angle of
inclination with respect to the horizontal axis of the Mohr-Coulomb shear resistance line.
Typical values of soil friction angle for different soils according to USCS
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Some typical values of soil friction angle are given below for different USCS soil types at normally
consolidated condition unless otherwise stated. These values should be used only as guidline for
geotechnical problems; however, specific conition of each engineering problem often needs to be
considered for an appropriate choice of geotechnical parameters.
Soil friction angle []
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Description
USCS
Specific
value
Reference
min
max
33
40
[1],[2],
GP
32
44
[1],
(GW, GP)
35
(GW, GP)
GM
30
40
[1],
GC
28
35
[1],
SW
33
43
[1],
50
[3 cited in 6]
[3 cited in 6]
38
[3 cited in 6]
33
[3 cited in 6]
45
[3 cited in 6]
SP
30
39
SP
[1], [2],
37
[3 cited in 6]
(SP)
27
[3 cited in 6]
(SP)
34
[3 cited in 6]
Sand
SW, SP
37
38
[7],
Loose sand
(SW, SP)
29
30
[5 cited in 6]
Medium sand
(SW, SP)
30
36
[5 cited in 6]
Dense sand
(SW, SP)
36
41
[5 cited in 6]
Silty sands
SM
32
35
[1],
SM
34
[3 cited in 6]
SM
27
33
[3 cited in 6]
SM
30
34
[3 cited in 6]
Clayey sands
SC
30
40
[1],
http://www.geotechdata.info/parameter/angle-of-friction.html
03/06/2016
Page 2 of 3
SC
SM, SC
31
[3 cited in 6]
31
34
[7],
27
41
[1],
ML
27
30
[3 cited in 6]
ML
30
35
[3 cited in 6]
27
35
[1],
CL
OL
22
32
[1],
MH
23
33
[1],
MH
25
[3 cited in 6]
32
[3 cited in 6]
28
17
[3 cited in 6]
CH
31
[1],
CH
OH
17
35
[1],
Loam
28
32
[7],
Silt Loam
25
32
[7],
18
32
[7],
Silty clay
18
32
[7],
Clay
18
28
[7],
Pt
10
[2],
19
[3 cited in 6]
Soi packing
Relative Density
[%]
Friction angle
[]
<4
Very loose
< 20
< 30
4 -10
Loose
20 - 40
30 - 35
10 - 30
Compact
40 - 60
35 - 40
30 - 50
Dense
60 - 80
40 - 45
> 50
Very Dense
> 80
> 45
REFERENCES
1. Swiss Standard SN 670 010b, Characteristic Coefficients of soils, Association of Swiss Road
and Traffic Engineers
2. JON W. KOLOSKI, SIGMUND D. SCHWARZ, and DONALD W. TUBBS, Geotechnical
Properties of Geologic Materials, Engineering Geology in Washington, Volume 1, Washington
Division of Geology and Earth Resources Bulletin 78, 1989, Link
3. Carter, M. and Bentley, S. (1991). Correlations of soil properties. Penetech Press Publishers,
London.
4. Meyerhof, G. (1956). Penetration tests and bearing capacity of cohesionless soils. J Soils
Mechanics and Foundation Division ASCE, 82(SM1).
5. Peck, R., Hanson,W., and Thornburn, T. (1974). Foundation Engineering Handbook. Wiley,
London.
6. Obrzud R. & Truty, A.THE HARDENING SOIL MODEL - A PRACTICAL GUIDEBOOK Z Soil.PC
100701 report, revised 31.01.2012
7. Minnesota Department of Transportation, Pavement Design, 2007
http://www.geotechdata.info/parameter/angle-of-friction.html
03/06/2016
Page 3 of 3
Citation :
Geotechdata.info, Angle of Friction, http://geotechdata.info/parameter/angle-of-friction.html (as of
September 14.12.2013).
Angle of friction
Cohesion
Dry unit weight
Young's modulus
Void ratio
Soil Permeability coefficient
Soil porosity
http://www.geotechdata.info/parameter/angle-of-friction.html
03/06/2016