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How the electric loads can be represented in power flow analysis, short circuit and
XT = 0/3375 p.u.]
A load of (77+ j 14.4) MVA is there at a bus which maintains a voltage of 220 kV.
Compute its load impedance in per unit taking a base values of 100 MVA and 230 kV.
[(1.148 + j 0.2147) per unit]
10. Three identical 9-MVA, 7.2 kV / 4.16 kV, single-phase transformers are connected
in star on HV side and delta on LV side. The equivalent series impedance of each
transformer referred to HV side is (0.12 + j 0.82) per phase. The transformer supplies
a balanced three-phase load of 18 MVA, 0.8 power factor at 4.16 kV. Determine the linto-line voltage at the HV terminals of the transformer taking load voltage as reference.
[13.3462
3.620 kV]
11. The three-phase power and voltage ratings of the electric power system is shown
below.
60 MVA
20 kV
X=9%
T1
50 MVA
20 / 200 kV
X = 10 %
T2
50 MVA
200 / 20 kV
X = 10 %
43.2 MVA
18 kV
X=8%
200 kV
Z = (120 + j 200)
Line
(a)
Draw the per unit impedance diagram choosing 100 MVA and 200 kV as base
18
kV. Determine the terminal voltage and the internal emf of the generator in per unit and
kV. taking motor terminal voltage as reference.
j 0.2
0.3 + j 0.5
j 0.2
j 0.15
EG
j 0.15
Vt
0.9
[Vt = 1.318 x 20
EG = 1.375 x 20
00
+
~
11.820 kV = 26.36
13.8850 kV = 27.35
11.820 kV
13.8850 kV]
EM
Element No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
From bus
4
4
2
2
5
2
5
To bus
1
3
4
3
3
5
1
p.u. impedance
j 0.1
j 0.2
j 0.25
j 0.5
j 0.1
j 0.25
j 0.125
i) Take bus 1 as the reference bus and draw the oriented graph.
ii) Obtain the bus incidence matrix.
0.225
0.02
0.1
0.05
find the element voltages using that element voltage is the difference of two bus
voltages.
iv) Check that v = AT Vbus
v) Given element currents i 1, i2, ., i7 as j 1.0, - j 0.4, - j 0.5, - j 0.41, - j 0.3, - j 0.7 and
j 0.4 find the bus current vector I2, I3, I4 and I5 using KCL.
vi) Check that Ibus = A i
3
i)
2
4
7
1
1
ii)
0 1
1 1
Matrix A =
iii)
v1 = V4 = 0.1
v2 = V4 V3 = 0.08
v3 = V2 V4 = 0.125
v4 = V2 V3 = 0.205
v5 = V5 V3 = 0.03
v6 = V2 V5 = 0.175
v7 = V5 = 0.05
v)
I2 = - j 1.61
I3 = j 1.11
I4 = - j 0.9
I5 = 0
1 1