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09/04/2009
Laminar
p u
Turbulent
p u1.7 to 2.0
Dr Andrew Sleigh
Dr Ian Goodwill
t w 4L
d
tw is almost impossible to measure
d / 4 3.142 d 2
d2
Hagen-Poiseuille equation
Hagen-Poiseuille
p
p gh
32 Lu
d2
Equate
Check Re:
pd 2 140 1000 d 2
10.198 d 2
32 L 32 1.43 300
0.0726
10.198 d 2
d2
d 0.29 m
0.0726
u
0.86
d2
<2000
OK
Re
157
1.43
dp*
P
1
dx
P
z
Wetted perimeter
W=gAL,
tPL
p2 A
sin = -Dz/L
p1 p2 gz t P 0
L
A
t m
P
0
A
p1 A p2 A t LP W sin 0
A
P
dp *
dx
09/04/2009
Darcy-Weisbach equation
tf
2
Giving
Q Au
A d / 4 d
P
d
4
hf
fLu 2
2 gm
2
d 2
4
4Q
hf
d 2
64 fLQ2
2 gd 5
4 fLu 2
2 gd
Or
7
hf
hf
fLQ 2
3d 5
fLQ2
3.03d 5
8
Darcy-Weisbach equation
f, American f and l
fLQ 2
hf
3d 5
Of discharge Q
so
hf
fLu 2
2 gd
hf
BE CAREFULL!
10
Pipeline Analysis
15m
d=0.35m
f =0.005
hf L
hf v2
hf 1/d
hf depends on surface roughness of pipes,
k = size, k spacing, a = shape of particles
L=1000m
317.33Q 2
3d 5
3 0.355
Q 0.0473 0.217 m3 / s 217 litres / s
15
3d 5
Cannot be constant!
11
ud k k '
Can be written: f , d , d , a
2
f is complex !!
12
09/04/2009
Todays lecture:
Friction Head loss, hf
hf
4 fLu 2
2 gd
hf
fLQ 2
3d 5