Drug & Alcohol

3000012451
Department of Transportation (DOT)

Alcohol Misuse
and
Anti-Drug
Program
2
Employee Version
Disclaimer
This course should be reviewed to
assure that the information
conforms to recommended
procedures, as well as to any
federal, state or local laws
regarding any facilitys operation.
The producer makes no warranty,
expressed or implied, that the
information in this course is
accurate or appropriate for any
particular facilitys environment,
or any individual employees
situation.
3
Course Goals - What you

will learn
Understand DOT & BPs policy as
they pertains to Alcohol /Drugs
Understand the Consequences of
Alcohol & Drug Abuse
Review Most Commonly Abused
Drugs and their Indicators
4
Training
Segments
Introduction
BPs Alcohol & Drug Policy

Drug & Alcohol Testing
DOT Reasonable Cause / Suspicion Testing

Reasonable Suspicion Testing
Accident Definition
DOT Alcohol & Drug Testing - Contractors
DOT & BPs Alcohol & Drug Testing Rules Comparison
Alcohol
Marijuana
Amphetamines
Cocaine
Opiates
Phencyclidine (PCP)
Additional Drugs of Which To Be Aware
Drug Detection Physiology
Getting Help If There Is An Abuse Problem
Summary
Impact of Drug and

Alcohol
Abuse on the Workplace
Introduction
70% of all adult illegal drug users are

employed.
12% of the workforce reports heavy drinking.
14% of employees abuse drugs on the job.
60% of drug users will sell drugs to other
employees
40% of them will steal from their companies to
support their habits.
6
Introduction
Impact of Drug and
Alcohol
Abuse on the Workplace
8 times more likely to have attendance
problems.
5 times more likely to file workers
compensation claims.
5 times more likely to be in an accident.
3.5 times more likely to injure others in
workplace accidents.
2.5 times more likely to ask for time off.
1/3 less productive.
300% higher medical costs and benefit
DOT Alcohol Misuse and AntiDrug Program --Who Is

Included?
Introduction
DOT requires drug and alcohol testing of employees

who perform a covered function for:
DOT Pipelines
DOT Truck Drivers
A covered employee is any employee who performs

(or has the potential to perform) an operation,
maintenance, or emergency response function on a
DOT pipeline as covered by the RSPA or FHW
division of DOT(as covered under part 383).
A list of examples of covered and non-covered
functions based on the regulations was used to
determine bp covered employees.
8
DOT Alcohol Misuse and

Anti-Drug Program --General
Philosophy
Introduction
The DOT rules are written with a philosophy that is

apparent throughout the rules:
DOT RSPA has authority over employees when associated with
performing covered functions on DOT pipelines; nothing
more.
It is thus important to understand the definition of a

covered function.
Under the alcohol misuse requirements, timing is very
important (i.e., understanding when an employee is
performing a covered function). This is very different
from the drug-testing requirements where timing is not
an issue.
Generally, under DOT:
Using prohibited drugs is prohibited at anytime;
Using alcohol is prohibited only at certain times.
DOT Alcohol Misuse Program

-- What is Prohibited?
Introduction
DOT prohibits the following:
Reporting for duty or remaining on duty requiring the

performance of a covered function while having an
alcohol concentration of 0.04 or greater;
Using alcohol while performing covered functions;
Using alcohol within 4 hours prior to performing a
covered function OR, if an employee is called to duty to
respond to an emergency, within the time period after
the employee has been notified to report for duty;
Using alcohol within 8 hours following an accident or
until a post-accident test has been conducted unless
management has determined that the employee's
performance of a covered function could not have
contributed to the accident.
Refusing to submit to an alcohol test required by DOT.
10
Introduction
PROGRAM COMPONENTS
POLICIES
NEEDS
ASSIGNMNET
TRAINING
EMPLOYER
ASSISTANCE
PROGRAM
DRUG
TESTING
11
Introduction
SHORT-TERM
BENEFITS:
Fewer accidents.
Fewer disciplinary actions.
Cost savings and incentive programs:
Medical & health insurance carriers
Workers Compensation insurance carriers.
Property, casualty, and liability insurance carriers.
Reduced losses due to absenteeism, theft, and fraud.
12
Introduction
LONG TERM BENEFITS:
Reduce costs of insurance claims.
Lower costs due to losses and errors.
Improved employee morale and productivity.
Earlier identification and resolution of problems.
Greater employee awareness about the problem.
Decreased legal costs o hiring and training.
13
Training
Segments
Introduction


Accident Definition
Alcohol
Marijuana
Amphetamines
Cocaine
Opiates
Phencyclidine (PCP)
14
Summary
BPs Company Drug Policy -What is Prohibited?

Having prohibited alcohol levels while
performing Company business, while on
Company property, or while operating a
Company owned or rented vehicle. An alcohol
test showing an alcohol concentration of 0.02
or above is prohibited.
Consumption of alcohol on Company property,
unless it is permitted by Management.
Refusing to submit to an alcohol test or search
if required by Management or any applicable
law or regulation.
15
BPs Company Drug Policy -What is Prohibited?

Illegal Drugs
The use, sale, purchase, transfer or possession of

an illegal drug by an employee while in a
Company facility or Company owned or rented
vehicle, or while performing Company business is
prohibited.
Legal Drugs
Impairment caused by the use or misuse of a legal

drug while on Company business or while in a
Company facility or while driving a Company
owned or rented vehicle is prohibited. Employees
are instructed to consult with supervision and/or
medical to assure use of legal drugs will not result
in risk of impairment.
16
Training
Segments
Introduction


Accident Definition
Alcohol
Marijuana
Amphetamines
Cocaine
Opiates
Phencyclidine (PCP)
17
Summary
What does the test check

for?
Drugs:
Marijuana
Cocaine
PCP
Opiates(heroin)
Amphetamine
Alcohol (at level >.02)

18
Whats Positive?
Substance
Amphetamines
Screening ng/ml Confirmation ng/ml

1000
500
Cannabinoids
50
15
Cocaine Metab
300
150
Opiates
2000
2000
Phencyclidine
25
25
Alcohol*
.02
.02
19
*Alcohol Result Action

Alcohol
level (mg
%)
<.02
bp test Negative
DOT
test
>.02 but
<.04
> .04
Positive
Positive
No DOT
work until
negative next shift Positive
(> 8 hr) or
retest < .02
20
DOT Anti-Drug Program -Testing Required

1) Pre-employment/Placement
2) Random
3) Post-Accident
4) Reasonable-Cause
5) Return-to-Duty*
6) Follow-Up* (which may also include alcohol
testing)
*Under Company policy, employees who have a
verified positive test result or refuse to be
tested are subject to disciplinary action up to
and including termination.
21
DOT Alcohol Misuse Program -Testing Required

The DOT alcohol-testing requirements are not
as broad as the drug-testing requirements.
The types of tests included are:
1) Post-Accident
2) Reasonable-Cause
3) Return-to-Duty
4) Follow-Up (which may also include drug
testing)
Thus, some event/observation must trigger
alcohol testing.
Pre-Employment and Random alcohol testing
is not required for DOT pipeline operations.
22
DOT Pre-Employment/PrePlacement Drug Testing

Required for:
New hires
Current employees transferring from a
non-covered position to a covered position
Current employees working on pipeline(s)
newly identified as a DOT (or appropriate
state regulatory agency) jurisdictional
pipeline(s)
Current employees working in a position
newly identified as a DOT-covered position
23
DOT Random Drug Testing

All covered employees are subject to random drug
testing.
Random selection of covered employees at an
annual rate equal to 50% (or the rate specified by

DOT, e.g. 25%) of the number of covered employees.
All employees in the random pool must have an
equal chance of being selected for each random test.
24
DOT Drug and Alcohol PostAccident Testing

Required for covered employees whose
performance of a covered function cannot be

completely discounted as a contributing factor
to the accident.
Should be conducted as soon as possible after
the accident, but not later than:
8 hours after the accident for alcohol; and
32 hours after the accident for drugs .
An accident is generally an event associated
with a DOT pipeline resulting in a release of
product from the line and one or more of
several criteria defined on the next slide.
25
DOT Anti-Drug Program - Violation of

Provisions and Attendant Consequences
A covered employee who:
Refuses to submit to a required

drug test; or
Tampers with or interferes with a
specimen collection; or
Tests positive for a prohibited drug
will be removed from his/her
covered position and will be
subject to disciplinary action up to
and including termination.
26
Outcomes of a Positive Test

2-strike for routine random tests typically
1-strike for Positive reasonable suspicion
or post-accident tests typically Both bp
and DOT require SAP assessment
Must comply with treatment
recommendations
Negative follow-up 2 yr monitoring by EAP
2 yr additional random testing(in addition
to routine random testing)
27
Training
Segments
Introduction


Accident Definition
Alcohol
Marijuana
Amphetamines
Cocaine
Opiates
Phencyclidine (PCP)
28
Summary
DOT Reasonable Suspicion

Testing: Drugs vs Alcohol
Alcohol
Legal
Fitness for duty

determination
Based on specific
indicators
Controlled Substances
Illegal
Is NOT a FFD
determination
Drug test not is not

a tool to measure
impairment
Should occur within 2 May be made

hrs of
observations(max 8)
anytime (within 24
hr of observations)
29
DOT Alcohol Misuse Program - Key

Points Related to Reasonable Cause
Testing
Because the signs and symptoms of drug abuse
and alcohol misuse may be similar in some

instances, the covered employee may be required
to to submit to both a drug and alcohol test
under reasonable cause. This brings up several
issues:
The supervisor must be aware of the timing
issue when alcohol misuse is suspected.
If the timing of the observations are not
during, just preceding, or just after the
performance of a covered function, the
supervisor may require:
a drug test under DOT provisions; and
an alcohol test under the Company Policy.
Concurrence of two supervisors/managers is

required when prohibited drug use is
30
suspected.
DOT Alcohol Misuse Program Return-to-Duty and Follow-Up Testing
Return-to-Duty Testing - After engaging in
prohibited conduct, an employee cannot

return to duty requiring the performance
of a covered function until he/she has
tested at less than 0.02.
Follow-Up Testing - Required for covered
employees for which the Substance Abuse
Professional (SAP) has determined
assistance is needed.
Must be unannounced, must occur during, just
before, or just after the employee has performed
a covered function, must include at least 6 tests
in the first 12 months, may include drug-testing in
addition to alcohol and not to exceed 60 months.
31
Training
Segments
Introduction


Reasonable Suspicion Testing Guidelines
Accident Definition
Alcohol
Marijuana
Amphetamines
Cocaine
Opiates
Phencyclidine (PCP)
32
Summary
RST: Supervisors Role IS

To be alert to changes in employees
usual behavior
To document specific observations of
behavior and appearance
To intervene with employee when
testing may be indicated
To assure that the employee is fully
aware of ramifications of refusal to test
or of a positive test
*Note- must have 2 supervisors concur if
possible
33
Training
Segments
Introduction


Accident Definition
Alcohol
Marijuana
Amphetamines
Cocaine
Opiates
Phencyclidine (PCP)
34
Summary
An Accident is. . .
40 CFR, Part 195
Explosion or fire not intentionally set by the

operator;
Loss of 50 or more barrels (8 or more cubic
meters of hazardous liquid or carbon dioxide;
Escape to the atmosphere of more than 5
barrels (0.8 cubic meters) a day of highly
volatile liquids;
Death of any person;
35
Accident- cont.
40 CFR, Part 195, cont
Bodily harm to any person resulting in one
or more of the following:
Loss of consciousness,
Necessity to carry the person from the scene,
Necessity for medical treatment,
Disability which prevents the discharge of normal
duties or the pursuit of normal activities beyond
the day of the accident,
Estimated property damage, including cost

of clean-up and recovery, value of lost
product, and damage to the property of the
operator or others, or both, exceeding
$50,000.
36
Training
Segments
Introduction


Accident Definition
Alcohol
Marijuana
Amphetamines
Cocaine
Opiates
Phencyclidine (PCP)
37
Summary
DOT Drug and Alcohol Testing -Are Contractors Included?
Contract employees in covered
positions are also included in the DOT

drug and alcohol testing program.
These employees are included in their
own companys drug and alcohol testing
program; they are not a part of BPs
program.
However, BP is responsible for ensuring
that contractors programs meet the
DOT requirements.
38
Training
Segments
Introduction


Accident Definition
Alcohol
Marijuana
Amphetamines
Cocaine
Opiates
Phencyclidine (PCP)
39
Summary
Comparison of DOT and BP Drug and

Alcohol Testing Program
The requirements for drug and alcohol
testing under the DOT regulations are

independent of the Company Drug and
Alcohol Policy and Procedures.
Employees subject to the DOT regulations
are also subject to the Company Drug and
Alcohol Policy.
The DOT requirements and the Company
Drug and Alcohol Policy are separate, but
overlap in regard to the disposition of
covered employees who violate the DOT
requirements.
40
TYPES OF DRUG
TEST
Urine screens measures leftover

traces of drugs in urine.
Blood tests measures actual
amount of drug in the blood.
Breath alcohol tests measure
amount of alcohol in blood.
Saliva tests still mostly
experimental.
Hair tests still mostly
41
Training
Segments
Introduction


Accident Definition
Alcohol
Marijuana
Amphetamines
Cocaine
Opiates
Phencyclidine (PCP)
42
Summary
Alcohol Withdrawal
Symptoms may include:
Sweating
Nausea Vomiting
Tremors
In extreme cases: Delusions,
Delirium Tremors, Seizures or
death
43
Alcohol, Chronic Abuse
Symptoms may include:
Liver disease including jaundice
Spider angiomas, bruising, esophageal

varices
Vomiting/Passing Blood
Infections, weakened immune system
Memory loss including dementia
Accidents, suicide and death
Edited by CDP
44
2864
Use this simple

chart to determine
your Blood Alcohol
Concentration (BAC)
Number of Drinks In One Hour

BODY
10
11
12
WEIGH
T
100 lbs.
Procedure:
120 lbs.
This chart represents the number
of drinks it would take to bring
your blood alcohol concentration 140 lbs.
to a particular level in one hour.
1. Locate the line that
corresponds to your body
weight.
2. From left to right, each square
represents 1 drink.
3. The first dark line to the right
indicates an alcohol
concentration of .04
(indicating impairment).
4. The second dark line to the
right indicates an alcohol
concentration of .10 (legal
intoxication in most states).
160 lbs.
180 lbs.
200 lbs.
220 lbs.
240 lbs.
To calculate concentration during a

longer period of time:
1. Add the total amount of drinks
consumed.
2. From that total, subtract 1 drink for each
hour of drinking. In other words your
body will burn off 1 drink per hour.
.04 BAC IMPAIRED
.10 BAC INTOXICATED
How Does Alcohol Affect Your Body?

Take this simple quiz to find out.
What will the alcohol concentration be at 7:00 am

the next morning of a 160 lb. Man who goes out
bowling and drinks 12 cans of beer between 9-12
pm?
45
EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL ON THE B

1-2
drinks
reason
caution
intelligence
memory
3-4
drinks
self-control
judgment
5-6
drinks
senses
7-8
drinks
coordination
10
or more
drinks
9
drinks
balance
vital
centers
46
Training
Segments
Introduction


Accident Definition
Alcohol
Marijuana
Amphetamines
Cocaine
Opiates
Phencyclidine (PCP)
47
Summary
Marijuana (continued)
Symptoms of Chronic Use may include:
Impaired memory
Amotivational syndrome
Weight gain
Impact on reproductive system
Paranoia
Possible psychosis
Lung and immune system damage
Click Here to View Picture of the Drug
48
Training
Segments
Introduction


Accident Definition
Alcohol
Marijuana
Amphetamines
Cocaine
Opiates
Phencyclidine (PCP)
49
Summary
Amphetamine (continued)
Symptoms of chronic abuse may include:
Paranoia, psychosis, and hallucinations

Depression with higher risk of suicide
Malnutrition and accompanying weight
loss
50
Training
Segments
Introduction


Accident Definition
Alcohol
Marijuana
Amphetamines
Cocaine
Opiates
Phencyclidine (PCP)
51
Summary
Cocaine (continued)
Symptoms of Chronic Abuse may include:
Nasal irritation associated with runny
nose, sniffing and nose bleeds and/or
cough
Chest pains, heart attack (leading cause
of emergency room admissions associated
with drug abuse)
Paranoia, depression and high risk of
suicide Click Here to View Picture of the Drug
52
Training
Segments
Introduction


Accident Definition
Alcohol
Marijuana
Amphetamines
Cocaine
Opiates
Phencyclidine (PCP)
53
Summary
Opiates (continued)
Symptoms of Chronic Abuse:
Malnutrition
Weight loss
Slowed speech and thoughts
Needle-borne diseases
54
Training
Segments
Introduction


Accident Definition
Alcohol
Marijuana
Amphetamines
Cocaine
Opiates
Phencyclidine (PCP)
55
Summary
Phencyclidine (PCP) (continued)
Symptoms of Chronic Abuse:

Psychosis
Permanent neurological damage
Tremors
High risk for seizures, coma and
death
56
Training
Segments
Introduction


Accident Definition
Alcohol
Marijuana
Amphetamines
Cocaine
Opiates
Phencyclidine (PCP)
57
Summary
Additional
Drugs
Some Other Abuse Drugs:
LSD
Steroids
Sedatives
Inhalants
Psilocybin Mushrooms
58
Training
Segments
Introduction


Accident Definition
Alcohol
Marijuana
Amphetamines
Cocaine
Opiates
Phencyclidine (PCP)
59
Summary
Drug Detection
Each drug is treated differently
Times
in the body and each person
can differ in how their body
handles a particular drug.
Generally, the more often a
person uses a drug, the longer
it can be detected in the urine.
For that reason, frequent user
of a drug (used three or more
times a week) will have
detectable amounts of a drug
in the urine longer than an
infrequent user (one time each
week or less). Chronic users
will have detected amounts of
a drug in the urine even
60
Drug Appearance Times in

Urine
Drug
Amphetamines
Time after
ingestion
6-12 hr
Marijuana
4-6 hr
Cocaine
2-4 hr
Opiates
6-12 hr
PCP
6-12 hr
61
Drug Detection Times

Drug
Infrequen Frequen Chronic

t User
t User
User
Marijuana
2-5 days
4-14
days
Up to 3
mo.
PCP
1-3 days
3-7
days
~1 mo
Amphetami
ne
1-3 days
2-6
days
Several
weeks
Cocaine
12-48 hr
1-4
days
Several
weeks
Opiates
1-3 days
2-5
days
Several
weeks
62
Training
Segments
Introduction


Accident Definition
Alcohol
Marijuana
Amphetamines
Cocaine
Opiates
Phencyclidine (PCP)
63
Summary
HELP
Getting
Help
HELP
HELP
EAP
HELP
YOU
64
TYPES OF EAP
Internal/In-House Programs:
Getting
Help
-Most often found in large companies.

-EAP staff is employed by the company and
works on-site.
Fixed-Fee Contracts:
-Employers contract directly with an EAP
provider.
-Fees are usually based on the number of
employees.
Fee-for Service Contracts:
-Employers contract directly with an EAP
provider.
65
TYPES OF EAP
Getting
Help
Consortia:
-Multi-employers with a contract with an
EAP provider.
-Generally cheaper with quality EAP
services.
Peer-based Programs:
-Assistance is provided by co-workers and
peers.
-Requires considerable education and
training.
66
TYPES OF EAP
Getting
Help
Assistance with policy development.
Assistance with employee training and

education.
They take the pressure off of supervisor and
managers.
They offer an alternative to firing, saving
costs.
They offer employees access to treatment.
They have been linked to decreases in
Workers Comp. Costs.
They assist employers in complying with drug67
LOCAL RESOUCES
Getting
Help
Alcoholics Anonymous.
Alateen (for children of the user).
Adult Children Of Alcoholics (ACOAs)
Narcotics Anonymous.
Nar-Anon (family and friends)
Drug Treatment Center
Cancer Society
Lung Associations
County or State Addiction or Mental Health
Agencies
County/Victim /Mental Hotlines
68
Training
Segments
Introduction


Accident Definition
Alcohol
Marijuana
Amphetamines
Cocaine
Opiates
Phencyclidine (PCP)
69
Summary
DOT Alcohol Testing Program -- Key

Points
Random alcohol testing is not included in the
program.
Reasonable-Cause Alcohol Testing requires
observation by only one trained supervisor, but
must be made during, just preceding or just after
the employee has performed a covered function
ie, must be contemporaneous and articulable.
Alcohol testing is conducted using EBTs; blood
testing is not allowed.
Employees testing above 0.04 must be evaluated
by a Substance Abuse Professional (SAP) who
will determine what assistance, if any, is needed.
70
DOT Drug Testing Program

--Important Notes
It is imperative that Human
Resources/Medical be informed of new

hires, terminations, retirements, transfers,
etc.
Post-accident testing must be conducted
as soon as possible after the accident, but
not later than:
8 hours after the accident for alcohol;
32 hours after the accident for drugs.
Accident includes property damage in
excess of $50,000
71
DOT Drug Testing Program --Important

Notes
Now Lets Familiarize

Ourselves with Some of the
Drugs We Will Encounter
with a Visual Review.
Continue to the Next Slide.
72
Marijuan
a Plants
Marijuana &
Derivatives
Black, resinous
sticks of
hashish.
Rolled
joints
Buds
drying
Hash Oil
Blunts
packed with
pot
73
Amphetamines
Bathtub
Speed.
Prescription.
ICE
Crude
Cat
Pure Cat
74
Powdered.
Cocaine
Crack.
75
Prescription.
Opiates
76
Heroin.
Opiates
77
Phencyclidine
PCP powder..liquid...applied
to
oregano
78
Other
LSD.
Sedatives.
Inhalants
Steroids.
Psilocybin
79
mushroom.
End of
Progra
m
Back to
Course Training Menu
80
Marijuana &
Derivatives
Marijuan
a Plants
Black, resinous
sticks of
hashish.
Rolled
joints
Buds
drying
Hash Oil
BACK
Blunts
packed with
pot
81
Amphetamines
Bathtub
Speed.
Prescription.
ICE
Crude
Cat
Pure Cat
BACK
82
Cocaine
Powdered.
Crack.
BACK
83
Prescription.
Opiates
Next
84
Opiates
Heroin.
BACK
85
Phencyclidine
PCP powder..liquid...applied
to
oregano
BACK
86
Other
Sedatives.
LSD.
Inhalants
Steroids.
BACK
Psilocybin
87
mushroom.

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3000012451

Department of Transportation (DOT)

Course Goals - What you

BPs Alcohol & Drug Policy

DOT Reasonable Cause / Suspicion Testing

Impact of Drug and

70% of all adult illegal drug users are

DOT Alcohol Misuse and AntiDrug Program --Who Is

DOT requires drug and alcohol testing of employees

A covered employee is any employee who performs

DOT Alcohol Misuse and

The DOT rules are written with a philosophy that is

It is thus important to understand the definition of a

DOT Alcohol Misuse Program

DOT prohibits the following:

Reporting for duty or remaining on duty requiring the

BPs Alcohol & Drug Policy

DOT Reasonable Cause / Suspicion Testing

BPs Company Drug Policy -What is Prohibited?

BPs Company Drug Policy -What is Prohibited?

The use, sale, purchase, transfer or possession of

Impairment caused by the use or misuse of a legal

BPs Alcohol & Drug Policy

DOT Reasonable Cause / Suspicion Testing

What does the test check

Alcohol (at level >.02)

Screening ng/ml Confirmation ng/ml

*Alcohol Result Action

DOT Anti-Drug Program -Testing Required

DOT Alcohol Misuse Program -Testing Required

Thus, some event/observation must trigger

DOT Pre-Employment/PrePlacement Drug Testing

DOT Random Drug Testing

Random selection of covered employees at an

annual rate equal to 50% (or the rate specified by

All employees in the random pool must have an

equal chance of being selected for each random test.

DOT Drug and Alcohol PostAccident Testing

performance of a covered function cannot be

DOT Anti-Drug Program - Violation of

A covered employee who:

Refuses to submit to a required

Outcomes of a Positive Test

BPs Alcohol & Drug Policy

DOT Reasonable Cause / Suspicion Testing

DOT Reasonable Suspicion

Fitness for duty

Drug test not is not

Should occur within 2 May be made

DOT Alcohol Misuse Program - Key

and alcohol misuse may be similar in some

Concurrence of two supervisors/managers is

DOT Alcohol Misuse Program Return-to-Duty and Follow-Up Testing

Return-to-Duty Testing - After engaging in

prohibited conduct, an employee cannot

BPs Alcohol & Drug Policy

DOT Reasonable Cause / Suspicion Testing

RST: Supervisors Role IS

BPs Alcohol & Drug Policy

DOT Reasonable Cause / Suspicion Testing

40 CFR, Part 195

Explosion or fire not intentionally set by the