thalamus & hypothalamus

Nik Am Phiphi
11-2

thalamus

Structure

large, oval-shaped pile of gray matter on each side

of the brain
a midline symmetrical structure of two halves, within
vertebrate brain
about 1 inch in length

location
in the forebrain superior
to the midbrain
near the center of the
brain with nervers
projection out to the cerebral cortex
medial surface of the thalamus contains the upper
part of lateral wall of the third ventrical

connected to the opposite thalamus by

interthalamic adhestion

thalamus is a subdividion of diencephalon

which is devided into 4 areas: hypothalamus,
ventral thalamus, epithalamus and dorsal
thalamus

functions
sensory perception and regulation of motor
functions
relays station for impules
- mostly sensory informatiom
- All sensory information going to the brain (except for
olfactory information) has to stop at the thalamus in
order to be relayed appropriately.
- filter out unnecessary sensory information and
synchronize important sensory information
- then passing it on to the cerebral cortex

regulating states of sleep and wakefulness

- thalamus plays a major role in regulating arousal, the
level of awareness, and activity.
- Damage to the thalamus can lead to permanent coma.

diagnoses different sensort information that is

being transmitted to the brain including
auditory, somatosensory and visual sensory
signal

hypothalamus
-contains a number of small nuclei
- locate below the thalamus, just above the brain stem
- forms the ventral part of the diencephalon

Function
1. to link the nervous system to the endocrine system via
the pituitary gland

Functions
2. responsible for hormones production
The first set of nerve cells
-sends hormone to the posterior lobe of the pituitary
gland
- Anti- diurectic hormone (ADH) : causes water
reabsorption at the nephrons.
- Oxytocin : stimulates contraction of the uterus during
childbirth and is needed in breastfeeding.

The second set of nerve cell

- produces stimulating and inhibiting hormones that reach
the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland via blood vessels
that run down through the pituitary stalk
- regulate the production of hormones that control the
thyroid gland , adrenal cortex, and growth hormone
- growth hormone regulates growth, and prolactin (for
milk production)

Hormones produced in hypothalamus

Functions
3. maintains homeostasis
- Lack of anti-diuretic hormone
causes diabetes insipidus
- Kidneys are not able to reabsorb
water, leading to excessivve
production of dilute urine.

Disease and abnormally of the thalamus and hypothalamus

The Disease and abnormally of the thalamus and hypothalamus can
occur from many reasons such as
Cancer
Genenetic
Infection
accident

Disease and abnormally of the thalamus and hypothalamus

We know the function of thalamus and hypothalamus are control
the important hormones in the body because it has involve to
working with the pituitary gland.
For example
Anterior pituitary
Growth hormone: Growing
Prolactin : Bleeding
Thyroid stimulate hormone : metabolism etc.
Adrenocaticorropic :secretary activity adrenal
Gonadotrophic hormone: sex hormones

Disease and abnormally of the thalamus and hypothalamus

We know the function of thalamus and hypothalamus are control
the important hormones in the body because it has involve to
working with the intermediate pituitary gland.
For example
intermediate pituitary
melanocyte stimulating hormone: Melanin

Disease and abnormally of the thalamus and hypothalamus

We know the function of thalamus and hypothalamus are control
the important hormones in the body because it has involve to
working with the posterior pituitary gland.
For example
posterior pituitary
antidinretic hormone: Balance the water in the body
Oxytocin : muscular around breast

Disease and abnormally of the thalamus and hypothalamus

The treatment or cure for the abnormally that has the reason from
the thalamus and the hypothalamus it has many way which up to
the disease what is the problem and where is origin of the problem.
Almost of way to cure and theatment for the abnormally is take the
medicine or physical therapy to Symptomatic treatment for the
patient can use the normal life as possible
except Abnormally from the cancer that may be surgery or nuclear
treatment.
However the patient should go to meet the Medicine Neurology
directly to cure as fast as possible.

Cite:
Hypothalamus. (n.d.). Retrieved June 15, 2015, from
http://www.accommotrac.com/Accommotrac_Vision_Trainer/Hypothala
mus.html
Bethopedia. (n.d.). Retrieved June 10, 2016, from
http://wiki.bethanycrane.com/hypothalamusandhomeostasis
Diencephalon: Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Epithalamus | Online
Homework Help | SchoolWorkHelper. (n.d.). Retrieved June 10, 2015,
from http://schoolworkhelper.net/diencephalon-thalamushypothalamus-epithalamus/