PowerPoint Presentation Field Manual

PowerPoint Presentation:
DIDM SIDD March 15, 2010 DIRECTORATE FOR INVESTIGATION AND DETECTIVE MANAGEMENT
ORIENTATION ON THE FIELD MANUAL ON INVESTIGATION OF CRIMES OF VIOLENCE AND OTHER TERMS
I. INTRODUCTION::
DIRECTORATE FOR INVESTIGATION AND DETECTIVE MANAGEMENT I. INTRODUCTION:
I. INTRODUCTION::
DIRECTORATE FOR INVESTIGATION AND DETECTIVE MANAGEMENT I. INTRODUCTION: Crimes of Violence
shall refer to crimes such as murder, homicide, kidnapping/abduction, bombings, sexual assault and other criminal
incidents that put lives in danger all of which pose a major challenge to the PNP's investigative capability. Murder
whether committed by a single individual or by a syndicated crime group or by a terrorist group, is the most serious of
all "violent crimes. The reduction and detection of Murder is a major concern to both the police and the public. The
actions by the First Responders attending the crime scene are critical to the investigation. Adhering to procedures
to minimize contamination, hence, controlling access to the scene.
I. INTRODUCTION::
DIRECTORATE FOR INVESTIGATION AND DETECTIVE MANAGEMENT I. INTRODUCTION: One of the most
important stages of an investigation is collecting vital forensic evidence and information which is oftentimes the most
chaotic and prone to errors. The Investigator and the Commander of SITG or the case manager has to attend to the
concerns of record-keeping , information management, staffing and resources and communications, if to successfully
solve a murder case and ensure prosecution of suspects. MAIN PURPOSE OF THE FIELD MANUAL ? To provide
the PNP First Responders, Investigators, the SOCO Teams and Case Managers with a checklist that will serve as a
GUIDE and undertake all the basic procedures in investigation to minimize lapses and errors ....
THE FIELD MANUAL IS DIVIDED INTO FOUR PARTS:
DIRECTORATE FOR INVESTIGATION AND DETECTIVE MANAGEMENT THE FIELD MANUAL IS DIVIDED INTO
FOUR PARTS Part I: Initial Response to the Crime Scene (" The Golden Hour ") PART II: Initial Investigation (" The
Golden Hour ") Part III: Evidence Collection Part IV: Managing the Investigation
Part I: Initial Response to the Crime Scene ("The Golden Hour"):
DIRECTORATE FOR INVESTIGATION AND DETECTIVE MANAGEMENT Part I: Initial Response to the Crime
Scene ("The Golden Hour ") Part 1 deals with First Responder/s duties and responsibilities in the initial response to a
crime scene and the initial investigation to be undertaken, including conduct of interviews and profiling. The field
manual contains a checklist of actions for the FR to ensure integrity of the crime scene and that records of all
activities and information gathered are maintained .
Part II: Initial Investigation ("The Golden Hour") :
DIRECTORATE FOR INVESTIGATION AND DETECTIVE MANAGEMENT Part II: Initial Investigation ("The Golden
Hour") Part II deals with PNP Field Investigators (Investigator-on-Case) of investigative units duties and
responsibilities especially the first 72 hours ("Golden Hour") of a murder or kidnapping/abduction investigation (crimes
of violence investigation). The field manual provides a guide and checklist of questions that must be answered in the
inquiries/investigation . It also includes post mortem changes, investigative interviewing and profiling . It also provides
a checklist for the investigation of other crimes such as fatal road accidents, robberies, suicide, sexual offenses, fires,
explosions and drug-related crimes.
Part III: Evidence Collection :
DIRECTORATE FOR INVESTIGATION AND DETECTIVE MANAGEMENT Part III: Evidence Collection Part III deals
with the proper handling and preserving physical evidence which the credibility and integrity must be upheld from its
initial observance until its presentation in court. The Field Manual provides the standard procedures for crime scene
processing in terms of collecting , handling and preserving evidence including its transport to Crime Laboratory. It
also includes procedures on the submission by field forensic investigator of physical evidence for examination by the
PNP CL if no Scene of Crime Operation (SOCO) was conducted. It provides the IOC a handy reference in reminding
or overseeing the SOCO team does not overlook the collection of vital evidence otherwise, to conduct evidencegathering by themselves in the absence of SOCO team.
Part IV: Managing the Investigation:
DIRECTORATE FOR INVESTIGATION AND DETECTIVE MANAGEMENT Part IV: Managing the Investigation Part
IV deals with Case Management . Whenever a crime of violence or a major case occurs, a Special Investigation Task
Group (SITG) shall immediately be created to conduct an aggressive, concerted and substantial program of action
such as strengthening coordination system among the PNP, DOJ & other law enforcement agencies. Part IV includes
the organizational structure and functions of the SITG and investigation management tools such as investigation
planning, coordination mechanism, crime matrix analysis, surveillance and case review .
Part IV: Managing the Investigation:
DIRECTORATE FOR INVESTIGATION AND DETECTIVE MANAGEMENT Part IV: Managing the Investigation Part
IV provides a guide and list of management procedures including the preparation of the evidence matrix and resource
matrix for the SITG Commander/Case Manager to help him effectively and efficiently organize and manage the
investigation. Using the checklists provided, the SITG Commander/Case Manager can audit the FRs , the IOCS and
even the SOCO teams within the "Golden Hour" (72 hours) of the investigation. This short orientation / seminar aims
to make the participants familiar with their role in the investigation of a major case or crimes of violence. The Field
Manual intends to provide the user with a ready reference in investigation.
II. LEARNING OBJECTIVE: :

DIRECTORATE FOR INVESTIGATION AND DETECTIVE MANAGEMENT II. LEARNING OBJECTIVE:
II. LEARNING OBJECTIVE: :
DIRECTORATE FOR INVESTIGATION AND DETECTIVE MANAGEMENT II. LEARNING OBJECTIVE: At the end of
the lecture/orientation seminar it is expected that the participants will be able to: Learn to use the Field Manual and
understood the concept in the investigation of crimes of violence. Recognize the meaning of Crime Scene
Investigation (CSI) as differentiated from SOCO and its importance in the investigation. Understand the functions of
First Responders (FR), Investigator-on-Case (IOC), SOCO Team and the SITG. Realize the need to be thorough and
detailed in the execution of procedures in investigation in order that justice may ultimately be given to victims of crime
.
III. CAUTION STATEMENT::
DIRECTORATE FOR INVESTIGATION AND DETECTIVE MANAGEMENT III. CAUTION STATEMENT:
III. CAUTION STATEMENT::
DIRECTORATE FOR INVESTIGATION AND DETECTIVE MANAGEMENT III. CAUTION STATEMENT: The Field
Manual should serve as an AID or GUIDE only . Not all criminal cases are ALIKE but the Field Manual will ensure
that FR, IOCs, and SOCO Teams perform the procedures in the gathering of evidence that could spell the difference
in solving a case . All criminal incidents must be investigated. The significant and additional procedures are
intended to address major crime incidents that would necessitate the use of other resources through the SITGs."
The checklists are only meant as a GUIDE and not as a substitute for critical thinking .
IV-A. DEFINITION OF TERMS :
DIRECTORATE FOR INVESTIGATION AND DETECTIVE MANAGEMENT IV-A. DEFINITION OF TERMS
DIRECTORATE FOR INVESTIGATION AND DETECTIVE MANAGEMENT IV-A. DEFINITION OF TERMS After
SOCO Report a report rendered and prepared by the Team Leader of the SOCO that conducted the technical and
forensic examination upon request by the Investigator-on-Case (IOC) through the Operations Center. B. Crime Scene
A venue or place where the alleged crime/incident/event has been committed/taken place. C. Criminal Investigator
A Police Officer who is tasked to conduct the investigation of all criminal cases embodied under the Revised Penal
Code/Criminal Laws and Special Laws. He or she is well-trained, disciplined and experienced professional in the field
of criminal investigation.
DIRECTORATE FOR INVESTIGATION AND DETECTIVE MANAGEMENT IV-A. DEFINITION OF TERMS D . Crime
Scene Investigation (CSI) It is a long and tedious processing of crime scene that involves proper documentation of
the conditions at the scene which involves the collection of physical evidence. E. Evidence The means sanctioned
by the Rules of Court, of ascertaining in a judicial proceeding the truth respecting a matter of fact. These include but
are not limited to documentary, testimonial, electronic and object evidence, gathered in the course of the
investigation. F. First Responders Are Police Officers who have jurisdiction of the area where the incident or crime
scene has taken place and who are expected to be the first to respond to calls for assistance in cases of incidents .
DIRECTORATE FOR INVESTIGATION AND DETECTIVE MANAGEMENT IV-A. DEFINITION OF TERMS G .
Forensic Evidence A form of legal evidence that can be used in a court of law to convict a person of a crime and as
a category of public presentation. H . Jurisdiction used in the Constitution and statutes means jurisdiction over the
subject matter only, unless an exception arises by reasons of its employment in a broader sense.
DIRECTORATE FOR INVESTIGATION AND DETECTIVE MANAGEMENT IV-A. DEFINITION OF TERMS Physical
Evidence Evidence addressed to the senses of the court that are capable of being exhibited, examined, or viewed
by the court. This includes but not limited to fingerprints, body fluids, explosives, hazardous chemicals, soil/burned
debris, bombs, electronic parts used in the commission of the crime. K. Scene of the Crime Operation (SOCO) A
forensic procedure performed by trained personnel of the PNP Crime Laboratory through scientific methods of
investigation for the purpose of preserving the crime scene, gathering information, documentation, collection, and
examination of all physical evidence.
IV-B. SOP ON CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION :
DIRECTORATE FOR INVESTIGATION AND DETECTIVE MANAGEMENT IV-B. SOP ON CRIME SCENE
INVESTIGATION
INVESTIGATION REFERENCES Instruction of the C,PNP; Revised PNP Criminal Investigation Manual 2010; PNP
Field Manual on Investigation of Crimes of Violence and other Crimes (2011); CLC-ADO-01 re Scene of the Crime
Operation; Primer on Protocol for Explosives Related Incidents Investigation 2010; and European Union-Philippines
Justice Support (EPJUST) Program/TF USIG Case Review Results.
INVESTIGATION PURPOSE To define and delineate the functions and responsibilities of the FRs. the IOC, and the
SOCO Team in the conduct of crime scene investigation; To establish and harmonize the sequence of activities that
shall be conducted at the crime scene and identify the accountabilities of each responsible PNP personnel/team; To
set the standard forms that shall be required to be accomplished by the FR, the SOCO Team and the IOC, which
shall henceforth become an integral part of the case folder ;
INVESTIGATION PURPOSE To minimize the most common mistakes committed by the investigators and ensure that
potential physical evidence is not contaminated or destroyed and potential witnesses are not overlooked; To ensure
that lives are saved and that the security and safety of the PNP CSI personnel (FR/IOC/SOCO) are enhanced; To
ensure that the CSI procedures are conducted properly, efficiently and effectively to ensure the admissibility of
collected evidence in court; and, To address and mitigate the investigation procedural weaknesses identified during
the conduct of case reviews .
INVESTIGATION SCOPE OF APPLICATION This SOP applies to all crime scene investigation undertaken by the
PNP and provides the procedures to be observed by the FRs, IOC, and SOCO Teams as well as the reports formats
that they shall be required to prepare. This procedure shall likewise be observed by the Special Investigation Task
Groups ( SITG).
INVESTIGATION DEFINITION OF TERMS The following terms are operationally defined as used for a better
understanding of this SOP: Crime Scene - A venue or place where the alleged crime/incident/event has been
committed; Crime Scene Investigation (CSI) - Is a comprehensive inquiry of a crime by conducting systematic
procedure of various investigative methodologies which involves recovery of physical and testimonial evidence for the
purpose of identifying the witnesses, and arrest of perpetrator(s) for prosecution. CSI shall technically commence
upon the arrival of the FRs and conclude with the lifting of the security cordon and release of the crime scene by the
IOC;
INVESTIGATION DEFINITION OF TERMS First Responder (FR) Are members of the PNP or other law
enforcement agencies who are mandated and expected to be the first to respond to calls for assistance in cases of
incidents of crime. They generally refer to police officers who have jurisdiction of the area where the incident or crime
has taken place and will proceed to the crime scene to render assistance to the victim and to protect and secure the
incident scene; Criminal Investigator A Police Officer who is tasked to conduct the investigation of all criminal cases
as provided for and embodied under the Revised Penal Code/Criminal Laws and Special Laws. A well-trained,
disciplined and experienced professional in the field of criminal investigation duties and responsibilities;
INVESTIGATION DEFINITION OF TERMS Investigator-on-Case (IOC)/ Duty Investigator Shall refer to any PNP
personnel who is duly designated or assigned to conduct the inquiry of the crime by following a systematic set of
procedures and methodologies for the purpose of identifying witnesses, recovering evidence and arresting and
prosecuting the perpetrators. The IOC shall assume full responsibility over the crime scene during the conduct of CSI;
Scene of the Crime Operation (SOCO) A forensic procedure performed by the trained personnel of the PNP Crime
Laboratory SOCO Team through scientific methods of investigation for the purpose of preserving the crime scene,
gathering information, documentation, collection, and examination of all physical and other forensic evidence;
INVESTIGATION DEFINITION OF TERMS After SOCO Report It is a report rendered and prepared by the Team
Leader of the PNP Crime Laboratory SOCO Team which conducted the scene of the crime operations. Crime Scene
Search Is a systematic method employed by the SOCO Team, if the nature of the case is sensational or sensitive,
and the IOC in the conduct of search in the crime scene and in the surrounding areas where the alleged
crime/incident/event has taken place for the purpose of finding and recovering evidence. There are several methods
of crime scene search which can be employed such as strip search, double strip search, spiral search, zone or
quadrant search, wheel method, etc.;
INVESTIGATION DEFINITION OF TERMS Evidence The means sanctioned by the Rules of Court, of ascertaining
in a judicial proceeding the truth respecting a matter of fact. These include but are not limited to documentary,
testimonial, electronic and object evidence, gathered in the course of the investigation; Physical Evidence - Evidence
addressed to the senses of the court that are capable of being exhibited, examined, or viewed by the court. This
includes but not limited to fingerprints, body fluids, explosives, hazardous chemicals, soil/burned debris, bombs,
electronic parts used in the commission of the crime;
INVESTIGATION DEFINITION OF TERMS Forensic Evidence - A form of legal evidence that can be used in a court
of law to convict a person of a crime and as a category of public presentation; and Jurisdiction The word
jurisdiction as used in the Constitution and statutes means jurisdiction over the subject matter only, unless an
exception arises by reasons of its employment in a broader sense;
INVESTIGATION POLICIES AND GUIDELINES General Policy: Crime Scene Investigation (CSI) shall refer to the
post-incident police operational procedures undertaken at the crime scene. It presupposes that the crime has been
consummated and therefore investigation is to be commenced with the securing and processing of the place of
occurrence. The CSI start with the arrival of the PNP First Responders (FRs) to the arrival of the Duty
Investigator/IOC and the SOCO Team until the lifting of the security cordon and release of the crime scene.
INVESTIGATION POLICIES AND GUIDELINES Specific Functions, Responsibilities and Procedures: The following
are the functions and responsibilities of the different players during the crime scene investigation as well as
procedures to be observed: First Responder : The first Police Officers to arrive at the crime scene are the FRs who
were dispatched by the local police station/unit concerned after receipt of incident/flash/alarm report ;
INVESTIGATION POLICIES AND GUIDELINES First Responder: Immediately , the FR shall conduct a preliminary
evaluation of the crime scene. This evaluation should include the scope of the incident, emergency services required,
scene safety concerns, administration of life saving measures, and establishment of security and control of the
scene ; The FR is mandated to save and preserve life by giving the necessary first aid measures to the injured and
their medical evacuation as necessary. The FR shall likewise secure and preserve the crime scene by cordoning the
area and prevent unauthorized entry of persons ;
INVESTIGATION POLICIES AND GUIDELINES First Responder: The FR shall take the dying declaration of severely
injured person/s, if any. The FR shall make the initial assessment on whether a crime actually been committed and
shall preliminary interview of witnesses to determine what and how crime was committed; If and when there is a
suspect present in the area, the first responder shall arrest, detain and remove the suspect from the area;
INVESTIGATION POLICIES AND GUIDELINES First Responder: The FR, upon the arrival of the IOC, shall turn-over
the crime scene to the duty investigator/IOC after the former has briefed the investigator of the situation. The FR shall
prepare and submit the CSI Form 1 - First Responders Report to the IOC and be prepared to assist the IOC in the
investigation;
INVESTIGATION POLICIES AND GUIDELINES Investigator-on-Case (IOC) /Duty Investigator: Upon arrival at the
crime scene, the IOC shall request for a briefing from the FR and make a quick assessment of the crime; At this
stage, the IOC shall assume full responsibility over the crime scene and shall conduct a thorough assessment of the
scene and inquiry into incident. If necessary the IOC may conduct crime scene search outside the area where the
incident happened employing any of the various search methods;
INVESTIGATION POLICIES AND GUIDELINES Investigator-on-Case (IOC) /Duty Investigator: Based on the
assessment, if the IOC determines that a SOCO team is required, he shall the report the matter to his COP and
request for a SOCO, otherwise, the IOC shall proceed with the CSI without the SOCO team and shall utilize CSI
Form 4 SOCO Report Forms in the conduct of the CSI; The IOC may by himself or with the assistance of a local
PNP forensic personnel conduct the CSI if there is no available SOCO team in the area. The IOC must, however,
ensure that the correct procedures in the collection of evidence is observed to ensure the admissibility of the
evidence;
INVESTIGATION POLICIES AND GUIDELINES Investigator-on-Case (IOC) /Duty Investigator: The Police Station
Operation Center , upon directive of the COP, shall make the request for the SOCO team through the Provincial/City
Operations Center ; It shall be the responsibility of the Provincial/City Operations Center to facilitate the request for
the SOCO Team ;
INVESTIGATION POLICIES AND GUIDELINES Investigator-on-Case (IOC) /Duty Investigator: Upon the arrival of the
SOCO Team, the IOC shall accomplish the CSI Form 2 - Request for the Conduct of SOCO and submit the same to
the SOCO Team Leader. The SOCO team shall not enter the crime scene unless the IOC makes the official written
request wherein he assures the SOCO team of his presence and support; The IOC shall brief the SOCO Team upon
their arrival at the crime scene and shall jointly conduct the preliminary crime scene survey ;
INVESTIGATION POLICIES AND GUIDELINES SOCO Team: The SOCO Team shall not join any operations
conducted by the local police or accompany the FRs or the IOC in going to the crime scene. They will only respond
upon request through the Operations Center and after the IOC has already made proper assessment of the crime
scene; Upon receipt of the Request for Conduct of SOCO, the SOCO Team shall then conduct the scene of the crime
operations which include among others the narrative description of the crime scene, photography, videography, crime
scene search, crime scene sketch, crime scene location sketch, physical evidence recording and collection, and other
procedures necessary ;
INVESTIGATION POLICIES AND GUIDELINES SOCO Team: In case the SOCO Team needs to temporarily suspend
the processing, the Chief of Police shall be primarily responsible and accountable for securing the crime scene and
ensuring its integrity until the re-entry of SOCO Team and the conclusion of the CSI; After the termination of the
SOCO, the SOCO Team Leader shall brief the IOC on the initial results and thereafter conduct the final crime scene
survey together with the IOC; The SOCO Team shall accomplish the CSI Form 4 - SOCO Report Forms and furnish
the IOC of copies of the same before leaving the crime scene;
INVESTIGATION POLICIES AND GUIDELINES Release of the Crime Scene The IOC shall decide on the lifting of
the security cordon and the release of the crime scene upon consultation with the SOCO Team Leader and he shall
be responsible for all other pieces of potential evidence that were not collected by the SOCO Team; The IOC shall
accomplish the CSI Form 6 IOC/Investigators CSI Form before the cordon shall be lifted ; The IOC shall ensure
that appropriate inventory has been provided by the SOCO Team and shall only lift the security cordon and release
the crime scene only after completion of the documentation process;
INVESTIGATION POLICIES AND GUIDELINES Release of the Crime Scene The IOC or the COP shall turn-over the
crime scene to the owner of the property or where the crime scene is a public place, to any local person in authority;
The IOC as well as the SOCO Team shall completely fill-up the forms specified in this SOP. The IOC shall accomplish
and submit the Investigators Report with all the required attachments to the COP within two (2) working days from
the date of incidence. (See Annex H) The CSI Report shall be the first entry in the Case Folder for the investigation of
the incident.
INVESTIGATION STANDARD CSI FORMS : CSI Form 1 (First Responders Report Form) To be accomplished by
the FR detailing among other things, his rank, name, initial information gathered and anything that was moved in the
crime scene prior to the arrival of the investigator. Further, Form 1 should be signed by a witness. Form 1 should
always be included as part of the FRs kit .
INVESTIGATION CSI Form 1
INVESTIGATION STANDARD CSI FORMS : CSI Form 2 (Request for the Conduct of SOCO) To be accomplished
by the IOC and submitted to the SOCO Team Leader at the crime scene .
INVESTIGATION STANDARD CSI FORMS : CSI Form 3 (Turn- over of Collected Evidence from IOC to SOCO
Team) To be accomplished by the IOC certifying that the items/physical evidence found, collected and initially marked
and inventoried by the investigator at the crime scene were properly turned-over to SOCO Team Evidence
Custodian .
INVESTIGATION STANDARD CSI FORMS : CSI Form 4 (SOCO Report Forms 1-4) The initial findings of the
SOCO Team shall be contained in the SOCO Report Forms 1 to 4 which shall be accomplished immediately after
completion of the SOCO. A copy of the said reports shall be provided to the IOC within 24-hour after the release of
the crime scene. The IOC may also use those forms in the absence of a SOCO Team.
INVESTIGATION CSI Form 4, SOCO Report Form 1
INVESTIGATION STANDARD CSI FORMS : CSI Form 5 (Release of Crime Scene Form) This shall be
accomplished by the IOC or the COP and witnessed by the SOCO Team Leader and conformed by the owner of the
property or representative of the local authority. A copy of the crime scene release form shall be provided to the
owner .
INVESTIGATION STANDARD CSI FORMS : CSI Form 6 (IOC/Investigators CSI Form) This shall be
accomplished by the IOC at the OSCP prior to the lifting of the security cordon .
INVESTIGATION FLOW CHART FOR Crime Scene Investigation
INVESTIGATION CSI Report
INVESTIGATION PENAL CLAUSE: Any violation of this SOP shall be dealt with administratively. All Unit
Commanders shall be investigated under the principle of command responsibility. If evidence further warrants,
criminal complaints shall also be filed against those who may have committed acts or omissions in violation of the
Revised Penal Code or any special law. REPEALING CLAUSE: Any issuance, memoranda, rules and regulations
issued by the PNP inconsistent herewith are deemed repealed or amended accordingly .
INVESTIGATION EFFECTIVITY : This SOP shall take effect fifteen days (15) days from filing a copy thereof at the
University of the Philippines Law Center in consonance with Sections 3 and 4, Chapter 2, Book VII of Executive
Order No. 292, otherwise known as The Revised Administrative Code of 1987 .
V. INITIAL INVESTIGATION (THE GOLDEN HOUR):
DIRECTORATE FOR INVESTIGATION AND DETECTIVE MANAGEMENT V. INITIAL INVESTIGATION (THE
GOLDEN HOUR)
GOLDEN HOUR) Initial Phase of Investigation The initial phase or the first 72 hours (Golden Hour) of a major case
such as murder or kidnapping/abduction investigation (crimes of violence investigation) is crucial. Since murder,
homicide and kidnapping/abduction are considered as either heinous or sensational, the investigator-on-case shall
immediately request for technical assistance of the SOCO Team from the local PNP Crime Laboratory Office thru the
City/Provincial Office Tactical Operation Center (TOC). Upon arrival at the crime scene the investigator-on-case
makes a general assessment of the scene, takes a cautious walk-through, jots down notes to extensively
document/record important factors and establishes the evidence most likely to be encountered.
GOLDEN HOUR) The initial information to be clarified and assessed in order to survey the situation and to create
bases for priorities and directions: When, where and why did it happen? Who is the victim? Possible motive/s How
did the perpetrator gain entry into the crime scene and how did he flee the scene? When? Is the perpetrator to be
found among a selected few?
GOLDEN HOUR) Could any specific individual be suspected? Why? Is there a description of the perpetrators?
Accomplices? Is there any missing from the crime scene or from the victim? Did the perpetrator leave anything
behind? Through which he could be traced? Are there any other incidents, occurrences, circumstances or
observations that could be connected with the crime? Determine if the particular area is the primary crime scene or is
it just the finding place and the crime happened in some other place? If so, secure the primary crime scene.
GOLDEN HOUR) Investigation Checklist Investigation of Crimes of Violence in General The following checklist is
meant as a guide and not as a substitute for critical thinking by the investigator: Find out as much as possible about
the crime before going to the scene, and upon arrival, get all available information from the first officer on the scene
and other police officers who are there. Overview the crime scene to get a rough picture if the area and what
happened. Start keeping an action log. Cordon off the area or extend the existing cordon if necessary. Make sure that
a list is made of the people who enter the crime scene.
GOLDEN HOUR) Investigation Checklist Make sure that the responsible police officer posts the necessary guards
for the cordoned off area. If shots have been fired, find out whether gunpowder residue/primer particles have been
collected from the hands of persons involved. Take a general photograph of the crime scene. Film the scene with a
video camera. Pause and take stock of the situation then start planning. This is where the crime scene analysis
starts. Note down your observations continuously. It is a good idea to use a tape recorder. Decide whether you need
help from an expert such as a forensic pathologist, biologist etc. Take photographs continuously. Photograph all the
evidences before they are collected. If possible engage a photographer for specialized trace evidence photography.
GOLDEN HOUR) Investigation Checklist Search for and collect evidences, object and reference samples etc. that
are relevant to the crime investigation. Consider conducting a detailed and extended search outside of the crime
scene. Write a continuous seizure report. Check the crime scene before the cordon is lifted. Make sure that you have
not forgotten anything important, such as interrogation reports. A suspect may enter the crime scene area after the
cordon has been lifted, and this must not be allowed to destroy the value of the evidence collected.
GOLDEN HOUR) Investigation Checklist Checklist for the Conduct of Investigation of Crimes of Violence #
ACTIVITY YES NO 1 Shooting Incident Conduct paraffin casting on the hands of involved persons Look for blood
from the victims on suspects or vice versa Look for blood spatter from the entry wound on hands, clothes, weapons
etc Secure a photograph of any blood spatter images Assess the range and the direction of the shots

ACTIVITY YES NO 1 Shooting Incident Recover clothes to facilitate determination of powder residue Collect fibers
Collect weapons, empty cartridges, bullets and ammunition Document the situation Take photographs Draw a sketch
Do not touch bullets with your bare fingers
ACTIVITY YES NO 2 In case of death Check the premises Collect dustbins Look for moist trace evidence Check the
parked cars Collect watches Check odors Check the lightings Check the doors, windows and walls Inspect the radio
sets, TV sets etc
ACTIVITY YES NO 3 Inspection of the body Collect loose hairs, wards of fiber etc all the time while the body is being
inspected Make a note of signs of death. Hair. Are injuries concealed by hair? Has hair been torn off? Foreign
substances? Check for bleeding in the ears Check for conjunctival bleeding Examine the root of the nose and nostrils
Check whether there are any foreign objects in the oral cavity
ACTIVITY YES NO 3 Inspection of the body Examine the neck for skin scrapings, red spots and strangulation marks
Examine the arms for bruises caused by gripping and resistance Check for marks made by syringes, especially in the
crook of the arm Examine wrists for old or new cuts Examine the hands and under the nails for injuries due to
resistance and for swellings, hairs and skin fragments
ACTIVITY YES NO 3 Inspection of the body Cover the hands with paper bags to facilitate the continued search for
skin fragments, hairs, fibres etc during autopsy Examine the front and back of the body from top to bottom Examine
the legs and feet. Any blood on the soles of the feet Any marks or injuries indicating that the body was dragged?
ACTIVITY YES NO 4 Inspection of clothes Describe and photograph visible clothing in detail Pay attention to
creases, damage, bullet-holes, blood splatter, dirt, position on the body etc Examine the pockets. Make a list of the
contents Describe the presence of blood and any other stains on the clothing The clothes should be taken in charge
in connection with the autopsy
ACTIVITY YES NO 5 Weapons Recovered weapons call for especially careful handling for safety reasons Hold the
weapon by a part with a rough surface or by the strap so as not to destroy any evidence Always check weather there
are any cartridges left in the chamber before doing anything else Never insert any object, such as a pencil, in the
bore or the trigger-guard Never point the weapon in such a way that someone might be injured by an accidental shot
Check the safety catch
GOLDEN HOUR) Investigative Interviewing and Profiling Checklist for the Conduct of Interview This encourages an
open-minded and ethical approach to interviewing suspects and victims. The aim of each stage is to increase the
quality and quantity of information gathered from the interviewee. # ACTIVITY YES NO 1 Victims/Witnesses The
interviewer must give the interviewees the time and space to provide their versions of the events Questions asked
must be open and neutral Avoid any bias that the interviewer may bring to the interview
GOLDEN HOUR) Investigative Interviewing and Profiling Checklist for the Conduct of Interview # ACTIVITY YES NO
1 Victims/Witnesses The key objective of a witness interview should be to increase the recall quantity, without
jeopardizing the accuracy of the information Witnesses who may disclose essential information in the investigators
need to be treated in a manner that will maximize the likelihood of witnesses coming forward for future investigations
Ensure that the experience of the witnesses in not a negative one Recognize the pressure to become involved in the
Criminal Justice System

1 Victims/Witnesses Ensure the security of witnesses during the conduct of interview Be reminded of rules in
interviewing women and children victims Ensure the degree of confidentiality for women and children victims
1 Suspect Information disclosed by the suspects is a key stage of the investigation process, and provides essential
information for the development of the case. It is vital that the evidence be gathered in a manner which ensures
accuracy and thoroughness. The electronic recording of interviews or video-taping ensures quality of the interviews.
Avoid oppressive tactics during interviews, with an aim to gather information rather than gain a confession per se.
GOLDEN HOUR) Investigative Interviewing and Profiling Checklist in the Conduct of Profiling The facts obtained
from the relatives, friends, acquaintances and other persons within the premises/vicinity of the victim and suspects
before, during and after the death or disappearance are very vital in establishing patterns and modus operandi. #
ACTIVITY YES NO 1 Profiling the Victim Affiliations? Nationality? Occupation? Previous threats (when, where, how,
who and why)?
GOLDEN HOUR) Investigative Interviewing and Profiling Checklist in the Conduct of Profiling # ACTIVITY YES NO 1
Profiling the Victim Assessment of whether or not the victim belongs to target group of extra-legal killings (activist,
journalist, trade unionist or farmer representative)? Check in the database and computer files (plaintiffs, previous
convictions, accomplices, previous suspicions of involvement in crime etc.). House search of the victims dwelling and
other premises at his or her disposal. Seizure and analysis of diaries, letters, photos, receipts, balance sheets etc.
Seizure and examination of computers and mobile phones.
Profiling the Victim Examination of incoming and outgoing phone calls (phone billings), pagers and answering
machines. Examination of bank accounts, transactions, credit cards etc. Examination of CCTV footages. Examination
of mobile phone traffic through masts or relay stations in adjacent areas of the crime scene or the finding place.
Seizure and examination of vehicles Interviews of family members and relatives.
Profiling the Victim Interviews of friends and acquaintances. Interviews of neighbors . Interviews of employer and
colleagues. Interviews of personalities who possess vital investigative information (e.g. waiters, bartenders, landlord,
janitors, security guards etc.). Collection of information from other authorities.
Other Records for Victims of Enforced Disappearances Dental records and X-ray pictures. Medical records and X-ray
pictures. Seizure of items for DNA analysis (tooth brush, combs, razors etc.). 3 Profiling of Suspect Affiliations?
Nationality? Occupation?
Profiling of Suspect Assessment of whether or not the suspect belongs to syndicated group of criminal gang or gun
for hire? Check the criminal background of the suspect (previous convictions, accomplices, previous suspicions of
involvement in crime etc.). House search of the suspects dwelling and other premises at his or her disposal.
Profiling of Suspect Seizure and analysis of diaries, letters, photos, receipts, balance sheets etc. Seizure and
examination of computers and mobile phones. Examination of incoming and outgoing phone calls (phone billings),
pagers and answering machines. Examination of bank accounts, transactions, credit cards etc. Examination of CCTV
footages. Interviews of family members and relatives.
Profiling of Suspect Interviews of friends and acquaintances. Interviews of neighbors . Interviews of employer and
colleagues. Interviews with personalities who possess vital investigative information (waiters, bartenders, landlord,
janitors, security guards etc.). Collection of information from other authorities.
VI. MANAGING THE INVESTIGATION :

DIRECTORATE FOR INVESTIGATION AND DETECTIVE MANAGEMENT VI. MANAGING THE INVESTIGATION
SPECIAL INVESTIGATION TASK GROUP (SITG ) The SITG will ensure that there will be full-time investigators to
handle the case and that a record/case management system is in place. The SITG shall be organized whenever a
major case or crime of violence occurs . The SITG shall conduct aggressive, concerted and sustainable programs of
action through strengthening the coordinating system among the members of PNP, DOJ and other law enforcement
agencies in order to properly investigate major cases or crimes of violence .
SPECIAL INVESTIGATION TASK GROUP (SITG) Organizational Structure The Investigation Team shall be headed
by the Provincial Officer or Chief of the local CIDU of CIDG who shall be the concurrent Deputy TGC and the team
shall be composed of full-time personnel from the CIDU, Investigators the from local Police Station, SOCO operatives
from the local Crime Laboratory Office (CLO), intelligence operatives from the Regional Intelligence Office (RIO) of
PNP Intelligence Group and the Chief of the Provincial/City Investigation and Detective Management Section/Br/ Div
(PIDMD) of the concerned PPO/CPO .
SPECIAL INVESTIGATION TASK GROUP (SITG) Organizational Structure The SITG shall have its own Public
Information Officer (PIO) who shall be responsible for the daily press releases on the developments of the case.
However, this does not prevent the Regional Director from making press statements on the developments of the
investigation.
SPECIAL INVESTIGATION TASK GROUP (SITG) Organizational Chart
SPECIAL INVESTIGATION TASK GROUP (SITG) Organizational Operation The Regional Director shall immediately
issue order organizing a SITG. The PNP Provincial/City Director of the Province/City where the incident happened
shall be the Task Group (TG) Commander and the Provincial Officer (PO) of the CIDU,CIDG shall be the Deputy TG
Commander. The orders shall indicate specifically the ranks and names of the personnel who will compose the SITG;
The Deputy Regional Director for Operation(DRDO) shall supervise the SITGs within the Police Regional Office ;
SPECIAL INVESTIGATION TASK GROUP (SITG) Organizational Operation The SITG Commander or the PNP
Provincial/City Director of the area where the incident happened shall ensure the successful investigation of crimes of
violence and prosecute the offender; Other members of SITG: Provincial Officer (PO) or Chief of the local
CIDU,CIDG who shall be the Deputy TG Commander, SITG and the Investigation Team Leader; Personnel from the
local CIDU; Investigators from the local Police Station;
SPECIAL INVESTIGATION TASK GROUP (SITG) Organizational Operation SOCO teams from Crime Laboratory
Office (CLO), Intelligence Operatives from Regional Intelligence Office (RIO), IG; The Chief or Action PCO from the
Invest and Det Mngmt Br of the concerned PPO/CPO; Technical/Legal Support Team from Legal Service and local
Prosecutors; Admin/Logistic Team; Case Record Officer; and,
SPECIAL INVESTIGATION TASK GROUP (SITG) Organizational Operation Public Information Officer (PIO), shall
support and provide assistance to the SITG Commander on media matters; The members of the SITG Investigation
Team shall be detailed on full-time status and the orders shall indicate that they shall be relieved of all their other
duties ; The SITG shall have its own Public Information Officer (PIO) who shall be responsible for the daily press
releases on the development of the case. However, this does not prevent the Regional Director from making press
statement on the developments of the investigation .
SPECIAL INVESTIGATION TASK GROUP (SITG) General Operational Procedures Initial Actions Aside from the
usual investigative procedures, SITG shall immediately validate and confirm the affiliations of the victims, issue press
releases on a regular basis and establish an On-Scene Command Post (OSCP) by putting up a tent or similar
structures or deploying a Mobile Investigation Van (if available) at/or near the crime scene and shall ensure the
presence/availability of the SITG Commander all the time;

SPECIAL INVESTIGATION TASK GROUP (SITG) General Operational Procedures Initial Actions The OSCP shall be
utilized by the SITG to conduct on-scene or on-the-ground investigation. The tent or van shall be marked
appropriately as PNP On-Scene Command Post and shall also be posted with the mobile phone or contact numbers
of the SITG Commander, Deputy/TGC/Investigator-on-case ; The OSCP shall be maintained for as long as necessary
and shall only be deactivated or transferred with the clearance and approval of the Regional Director; and The Police
Station which has jurisdictions over the area shall be utilized as alternate on-scene command post of the SITG ;
SPECIAL INVESTIGATION TASK GROUP (SITG) General Operational Procedures Follow-up Actions Follow-up
efforts must give special focus to ascertaining/establishing motive. During follow-up operations, SITG shall conduct
profiling of victims, suspects and witnesses; Conduct link/matrix analysis and exploit evidence and information; The
SITG shall, as much as possible, hold paramount the convenience of witnesses when requesting for their testimonial
evidence ;
SPECIAL INVESTIGATION TASK GROUP (SITG) Duties and Responsibilities of the SITG Members Members of
Investigation Team shall strictly observe the chain of custody of evidence and flow of communications; Members of
SITG shall conduct case conferences with the DOJ representatives in the area and other concerned agencies to
resolve issues reative to the investigation in order to strengthen the case; Investigator-on-case shall initiate case
build-up and follow-up investigation; Investigator on-case shall consolidate all the forensic results, testimonial
documents and investigation report as well as the compliances of the members of SITG; Investigator on-case shall
initiate the crime matrix analysis in coordination with all members of SITG ;
SPECIAL INVESTIGATION TASK GROUP (SITG) Duties and Responsibilities of the SITG Members Investigator-on
case shall initiate the preparation of case folder with the assistance of the other members of SITG; Investigator oncase shall file the case before the court of proper jurisdiction; The Task Group Commander shall conduct case review
as necessary; All the case folders including pertinent documents must be kept by the case record officers, with copies
furnished the evidence custodian of the local police station; In case the investigator in-charge is dismissed or retired
or separated from the service, all remaining members of investigation team shall be responsible for the court
presentation of the case; and
SPECIAL INVESTIGATION TASK GROUP (SITG) Coordination with the Prosecutor and Other Agencies The need to
coordinate with other agencies in the conduct of an investigation cannot be over-emphasized and it is the very reason
for creating a SITG. Thus, it is important to remember that the Department of Justice (DOJ) had issued a
memorandum requiring their prosecutors to assist the PNP in the conduct of investigation of major cases such as
crimes of violence. The SITG must therefore closely coordinate with their respective local Prosecutors office and
ensure that a Prosecutor is made a member of the Technical/Legal Support Team. Representatives from other
agencies must also be invited to the SITG as needed .
INVESTIGATION PLAN AND MANAGEMENT Investigation Plan and Management System (IPMS) Objectives: 1. To
enhance the ability of senior investigative managers to apply best practice to the management of major crime
investigations, especially those that are multi-jurisdictional and multi-agency orientated. 2. To provide a forum for the
establishment of effective and meaningful relationships, at an operational level, amongst Law Enforcement agencies.
INVESTIGATION PLAN AND MANAGEMENT Investigation Plan and Management System (IPMS) The Investigation
Management System consists of: 1. The Evidence Matrix; 2. The Resource Spreadsheet ; 3. The Standard Tactical
Plan; and 4. The Major Investigation Plan Evidence Matrix 1. Facilitates Planning 2 . Sets the direction and focus of
an investigation 3. Useful as an adjudication tool for the sufficiency of evidence 4. Useful as a briefing tool 5. Useful in
the review process
INVESTIGATION PLAN AND MANAGEMENT Investigation Plan and Management System (IPMS) Resource
Spreadsheet (See Figure 9.2 ) 1. Enables an assessment of resource needs 2. Presents a graphic display of
relationship between avenues of inquiry, resources and time 3. Useful briefing tool 4. Useful in the review process
INVESTIGATION PLAN AND MANAGEMENT Investigation Plan and Management System (IPMS)
INVESTIGATION PLAN AND MANAGEMENT Investigation Plan and Management System (IPMS) Standard Tactical
Plan Six Point Plan (SMECAC) Situation Mission Execution Contingencies Administration Command and
Communication
Plan The Six Point Plan SITUATION : General description of what has occurred Description could include: outline of
offence under investigation details of the offender resources available other agencies involved MISSION : A concise
statement (no more than thirty words) about the task you want to accomplish
Plan The Six Point Plan EXECUTION HOW you intend to carry out the mission Information common to all Specific
tasks on Assignment Sheet CONTINGENCY What variables may be encountered Consideration of alternatives
Recommendation for course of action based on appropriate consideration of alternatives and risk
Plan The Six Point Plan ADMINISTRATION AND LOGISTICS 1 . Support arrangements common to all 2. cost codes
3. personnel requirements 4. special equipment. 5. (Specific tasks on Assignment Sheet )
Plan The Six Point Plan COMMAND AND COMMUNICATIONS 1 . Controlling arrangements common to all 2.
command structure 3. reporting channels 4. command post location 5. interview rooms 6. (Specific details on
Assignment Sheet)
INVESTIGATION PLAN AND MANAGEMENT Investigation Plan and Management System (IPMS) Major
Investigation Plan (SMEAC) A strategic planning tool used to manage investigations Based on the SMECAC principle
Encourages managers to consider the quality of results achieved the time taken to complete tasks and achieve
objectives the cost of the investigation
Investigation Plan (SMEAC) SITUATION - General description of what has occurred Description could include: outline
of offence under investigation details of the offender resources available other agencies involved Background 5.
Substantive Offence Jurisdiction 6. Targets Anticipated Duration 7. Multi-agency Investigations Special Arrangements
Investigation Plan (SMEAC) MISSION- A clear and concise statement (not more than thirty words) on the outcomes
and task you want to accomplish EXECUTION Concept of execution (how you will achieve the mission) Attachment
(if appropriate, attach Tactical Plans)
Investigation Plan (SMEAC) ADMINISTRATION AND LOGISTICS Costing of Investigation (should reflect anticipated
expenditure for: shared agency arrangements, user-pay arrangements and own costings ) Attachment (if appropriate,
attach a spreadsheet ) COMMAND AND COMMUNICATION Team Appointments 4. Security Recording System 5.
Attachments Communications (e.g. Risk Assessment )
Investigation Plan (SMEAC) ADMINISTRATION AND LOGISTICS Costing of Investigation (should reflect anticipated
expenditure for: shared agency arrangements, user-pay arrangements and own costings ) Attachment (if appropriate,
attach a spreadsheet ) COMMAND AND COMMUNICATION Team Appointments 4. Security Recording System 5.
Attachments Communications (e.g. Risk Assessment )
SPECIAL INVESTIGATION TASK GROUP (SITG) CRIME MATRIX TEMPLATE Crime analysis pertains to the
evaluation of the information gathered during the intelligence operations which has evidentiary value in the
investigation of murder or kidnappings/abductions cases and other high profile crimes of violence . The evidence
shall be further processed to match the forensic results and to make them admissible in the court of law purposely to
prove the elements of the crime. This matrix can come in tandem with the evidence and resource matrix of
investigation planning.
CRIME MATRIX TEMPLATE Intelligence Investigation Forensic Legal MURDER Disclosure of Witnesses Facts
gathered during surveillance on immediate premises of the incident Facts gathered during the interview of relatives,
friends, co-workers and other people known to the victims Testimony of witness on weapon used in killing the victim/s
Identity of the suspect/s, if any Cartographic Sketch of the suspect/s Threats made by suspect/s prior to the killing
Clothes of victim/s Sketch of the crime scene Modus Operandi of the suspect/s, in case of organized groups Vehicle/s
used Autopsy reports for cause of death Serology for blood typing and comparison Ballistics examination, if weapon
used is firearms Fingerprint examination if latent print is recovered from paper and other material in the crime scene
Hair and Fibers examination Cellphone and laptop of the victims Proof of death (corpus delicti ) Proof of identity of
suspect/s and victim/s Match the weapon used as per the testimony and autopsy reports Other forensic results must
prove the circumstantial evidence at hand Evidence should be authenticated for its admissibility Proof of proper chain
of custody Electronic evidence must be processed and authenticated All the testimonies must be inter-connected as
to the date, place, of suspects
CRIME MATRIX TEMPLATE Intelligence Investigation Forensic Legal KIDNAPPING/ ABDUCTION Disclosure of
Witnesses Facts gathered during surveillance on immediate premises of the incident Facts gathered during the
interview of relatives, friends, co-workers and other people known to the victims Testimony of witness during the
abduction Identity of the suspect/s, if any Cartographic Sketch of the suspect/s Threats made by the suspect/s prior
to the abduction Personal belongings of the victim/s Sketch of the crime scene Modus Operandi of the suspect/s, in
case of organized groups Vehicle/s of the suspect/s Fingerprint examination if latent print is recovered from paper
and other materials in the crime scene Demand letter/s Cellphone and laptop of the victim/s Vehicle/s of the victim/s
Proof of identity of suspect/s and victim/s Match the circumstantial evidence with the testimony of the witness/ es
Other forensic results must prove the circumstantial evidence at hand Electronic Evidence should be authenticated
for its admissibility Proof of proper chain of custody All the testimonies must be inter-connected
SURVEILLANCE General Procedure in the Conduct of Surveillance 1. The investigator must keep himself posted on
collected evidence and other results of crime scene investigation, post mortem exam and autopsy; 2. Look after and
take necessary initiatives on follow-up activities on traces and clues; 3. Read and assess incoming fresh suggestions
and processed suggestions ; 4. Decide whether or not to take further investigative measures or to set aside the
documents for future reference ;
SURVEILLANCE General Procedure in the Conduct of Surveillance 5. Interview all persons who were at the crime
scene in the connection with the detection of the crime, including police personnel , ambulance staff, paramedics etc ,
in order to elucidate the initial status of the case and all measures undertaken; 6 . Profile the victim through interviews
with family, relatives, neighbors , co-workers, friends etc. pertaining to affiliations, habits , acquaintances, threats etc ;
7 . Investigate tips pertaining to certain individuals or items; and 8 . Interrogate suspects and executes searches
(body searches and body examinations in tandem with SOCOs and Forensic Medical Doctors).
SURVEILLANCE Checklists in the Conduct of Surveillance Operations
COORDINATION MECHANISM The Special Investigation Task Group (SITG) aims to spearhead the investigative
and prosecutorial efforts of all the murder and kidnapping/abduction cases and other high profile crimes of violence
by providing the direction to the investigation and through the coordinative efforts of PNP offices and other agencies.
Crime Scene Investigation All members of the Investigation Team must be physically present at the area of the crime
scene. All members of the Investigation Team must strictly observe the chain of custody of evidence and the
procedure in the collection, handling and preservation of evidence .
COORDINATION MECHANISM Crime Scene Investigation All pieces of evidence such as object, documentary and
electronic devices must be properly processed by the proper authority. All members of the Investigation Team must
comply with the investigation requirements as soon as possible. All victims and witnesses must be properly
processed and evaluated before the taking of their testimonies.
COORDINATION MECHANISM Crime Scene Investigation Case BuildUp And Investigation Background check of
the victims and suspects must be immediately undertaken in coordination with other agencies. Information disclosed
by the victims and witnesses must be treated with priority for the conduct of followup investigation either at the place
of the incident or at the places mentioned by the information.
COORDINATION MECHANISM Crime Scene Investigation Case BuildUp And Investigation Analysis of consolidated
testimonial and documentary evidence, reports and records must be undertaken to determine whether or not the
elements of the crime violated are satisfied purposely for filing an airtight criminal case. In case of extra-judicial
confession or admission or waiver, a competent and independent lawyer must be present. It is highly recommended
that lawyers from CHR be invited to observe the process.
COORDINATION MECHANISM Case Conferences In each stage of investigation or every time there is an issue
pertaining to facts or applicable laws, case conferences must be initiated by the members of SITG. During
conference, the DOJ and other concerned agencies must be invited in order to have a coordinated effort in resolving
the issue. Case conferences must be undertaken regularly and may be undertaken by the small group depending on
the issues to be resolved related to the case
COORDINATION MECHANISM Case Presentation During the filing of the criminal charges, personalities needed
must be present with proper security personnel. The members of Investigation Team must religiously attend the court
hearings pertaining to the case. The Investigation Team Leader must initiate a system of case tracking with the court.
The personnel involved in investigation as per record must be ready to substitute as witness in court in case the
investigator on-case is incapacitated to appear during trial of the case. The Prosecutor on-case must be informed of
all development of the case especially if it affects the prosecution of the case.
COORDINATION MECHANISM Case Tracking A database should be established in order to monitor the status of the
case. All court orders should be compiled together with the case folder. All members of the SITG must be informed of
the court orders in order to promptly comply with the requirements of the court pertaining to the case.
CASE REVIEW Case Reviews can be seen as a form of risk management that seeks to apply the principles of
systems audit in order to reduce the likelihood of both recurrent and a typical errors. It is intended to identify and
develop investigative opportunities that will help progress an investigation. The case review provides a new
perspective (fresh eyes) into the investigation to identify areas where support could be provided to the investigators
particularly during difficult or protracted cases. The Informal Golden Hour Review is one type of review that is most
commonly used because it provides the case managers the chance to correct possible errors or omissions early on
which would otherwise be very difficult to rectify in the later stages of the investigation.
CASE REVIEW Principal Aims of Case Review To identify and develop investigative opportunities that will progress
an investigation. To act as a form of quality assurance in relation to both the content and process of an investigation.
To identify, develop and disseminate good investigative practice.
CASE REVIEW Benefits Of Case Review Reducing the likelihood of problems escalating to the detriment of the
investigation . Improving individual performance through the identification and sharing of development opportunities.
Introducing a new perspective (fresh eyes) into an inquiry/investigation. Decreasing the potential of a costly
reinvestigation at a later date. Lessening the chance of litigation. Providing support to officers during protracted or
difficult investigations. Increasing public confidence in the integrity and ability of police investigations . Disseminating
good investigative practice.
CASE REVIEW Types of Case Review Informal Golden Hour Review It tends to be conducted at an early stage of
the investigation, usually around day seven of an ongoing inquiry, with the objective of ensuring that the actions
performed in the initial response stages of the investigation have been conducted properly and appropriately . The
opening stages of an investigation are often the most important in terms of collecting vital forensic evidence, but they
are also often the most chaotic and therefore most prone to errors. Some expressed the opinion that if such errors
are made it is often quite difficult to rectify them through a 28-day review .
CASE REVIEW Types of Case Review Informal Golden Hour Review Self-inspection Self-inspection is based
around the self-completion of a short pro forma, which can provide a helpful prompt for actions, as well as a
mechanism to highlight emerging problems. This is a mechanism that allows an investigator to ensure, in the early
stages of an investigation, when they are often subject to intense pressure, that they have completed all the basic
procedural and investigative requirements. The particular strength of this approach is that it is cost-efficient and does
not disrupt the ongoing investigation.
CASE REVIEW Types of Case Review The 28-Day Progress Review The main aim is to quality assure the ongoing
investigation and to assist the investigator in identifying investigative opportunities to help advance the inquiry.
Concluding Reviews These are used to provide an overview of a long-term investigation in order to aid decisionmaking in respect of whether all operational resources should be removed from the investigation .
CASE REVIEW Types of Case Review Case Development Reviews (Cold Case Review) These are being conducted
on long-term unsolved cases with the intention of evaluating whether there are grounds for conducting new lines of
inquiry. In particular there tends to be a focus upon whether advances in forensic technologies allow for a re-analysis
of previously collected physical materials in order to provide new leads. Alternatively , they can be used to judge
whether, over the course of time, potential witnesses who were previously unwilling to assist the police have, as a
result of changing loyalties, any further contributions to make to the investigation.
CASE REVIEW Types of Case Review Detected Case Reviews A review on a sample of their solved cases in an
effort to identify good practices and thereby learn from their past successes. Thematic Reviews These reviews can be
conducted at any stage of an inquiry and focus upon a specific issue (such as forensic evidence or house to house
inquiries), in an effort to ensure that all of the investigative actions and decisions taken in respect of that particular
issue have been conducted appropriately. This is particularly relevant in cases where there is an issue that may have
been significantly detrimental to the investigation.
CASE REVIEW Three Main Types of Weaknesses in Investigation: Actions , tasks or lines of inquiry that were not
undertaken (but were identified by the reviewing team as being required because it was a policy, good practice, or
would have added value to that specific investigation); Actions , tasks or lines of inquiry which were undertaken but
were considered to have been detrimental in some way to the inquiry (or likewise in contravention or in violation of
procedures and guidelines); and, Actions , tasks or lines of inquiry which were undertaken and were appropriate to
the investigation, but some aspect of the quality, or the way in which the task was undertaken, was considered to be
inadequate.
CASE REVIEW The Six Major Themes on Investigative Weakness: Investigative Response (initial actions at the
scene; information gathering; witness and suspect management); Forensics (exhibit management and submission);
Record Keeping (recording of Investigators decisions, procedure and content; acquirement and storage of
documentation); Information Management (document management and action administration); Staffing and
Resources (staffing levels and the availability of a suitably trained and experienced team); and Communication
(internal, external and with the victims family).
CASE REVIEW Possible Causes of Investigative Weakness: Poor judgment; Lack of knowledge; Non-compliance
with agreed processes/procedures; Lack of resources; and, Management style
CASE REVIEW Case Review Team/Committee Case reviews may be undertaken internally, but whether it is an
internal or external case review, these should be conducted by senior investigators (detectives) who have
considerable investigative experience at a specified period of the investigation process . It is important to remember
that a case review is not intended to embarrass the investigators but rather to help them identify and develop
investigative opportunities.
CASE REVIEW Case Review Team/Committee While there are advantages to a self-administered/internal review
process, there may be some benefit to an external case reviews such as one that would be conducted by the Police
Regional Office of cases being handled by provincial/city SITGs. The conduct of case review may vary but the
checklists provided in this Field Manual should provide the review team a guide in the auditing process. The
checklists should come in handy and useful in the meantime that a nationally agreed audit process is yet to be issued
.
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II. LEARNING OBJECTIVE: :

V. INITIAL INVESTIGATION (THE GOLDEN HOUR):

DIRECTORATE FOR INVESTIGATION AND DETECTIVE MANAGEMENT V. INITIAL INVESTIGATION (THE

VI. MANAGING THE INVESTIGATION :

VI. MANAGING THE INVESTIGATION :

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