CE6505 DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE ELEMENTS

UNIT II

LIMIT STATE DESIGN FOR FLEXURE

Analysis and design of singly and doubly reinforced rectangular and flanged beams

Analysis and design of one way, two way and continuous slabs subjected to uniformly
distributed load for various boundary conditions

Compiled by: Mr. S. MANIKANDAN, Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Shanmuganathan Engineering College.

CE6505 DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE ELEMENTS

2 Marks [Questions & Answers]

01) Distinguish between under reinforced and over reinforced sections.
Ans.:
S. No

Under-reinforced section

Over-reinforced section

If the strain in the steel at failure is If the strain in the steel at failure is
1

above the yield point strain the section below the yield point strain the section
is termed as under-reinforced section.

2.

is termed as over-reinforced section.

The failure in under-reinforced section The failure in under-reinforced section

is known as tension failure.

is known as compression failure.

02) How do you check the deflection for various end conditions of the beams?
Ans.: As per clause 23.2.1. of IS 456:2000, the vertical deflection limits may generally be assumed to
be as satisfied provided that the span to depth ratios are not greater than the values obtained as below:
(i) Basic values of span to effective depth ratios for spans up to 10 m:
Cantilever

Simply supported

20

Continuous

26

(ii) For spans above 10 m, the values in (i) may be multiplied by 10/span in metres, except for
cantilever in which case deflection calculations should be made.
03) Compute the area of reinforcement required for a balanced section of width 200 mm and
effective depth 425 mm as per limit state design. Use M 25 grade concrete and Fe 415 grade
steel. Use design aids.
Ans.: For balanced section, (xu/d) = (xu,max/d)
As per Clause G-1.1 of IS 456:2000,
xu

0.87 fy Ast
=

0.36 fck b d
0.87 x 415 x Ast

0.48

=
0.36 x 25 x 200 x 425

Ast
S.M.K./A.P./CIVIL/S.E.C.

1017 mm2.

[As per Clause 38.1, of IS 456:2000,

(xu,max/d) = 0.48 for Fe 415 grade steel]

UNIT II LIMIT STATE DESIGN FOR FLEXURE

04) What is meant by doubly reinforced beam? (or) Enumerate doubly reinforced section.
Ans.: A singly reinforced section has a limiting value of moment of resistance, corresponding to
limiting value of steel reinforcement. However, if the applied moment Mu is larger than Mu lim, two
alternatives will be available:
(i)

to increase the depth of the section (or)

(ii)

to provide reinforcement.

In many cases, the maximum value of depth of the section may be limited or restricted from
architectural or other considerations.
In that case, the only alternative that will be left will be to provide reinforcement in the
compression zone, giving rise to a doubly reinforced section (or) beam.
A section reinforced both in tension and compression is known as a doubly reinforced section
(or) beam.
05) Mention any two advantages of introducing compression steel in reinforced concrete beams.
Ans.: The advantages of introducing compression steel in reinforced concrete beams are following:
(i) It reduces the depth of the section
(ii) It increases the stiffness of the beam.
(iii) Compression steel increases the rotation capacity and ductility.
(iv) Compression reinforcement will also significantly reducing the long term deflections of the
beams.
06) Calculate the limiting value of tensile stress in an uncracked section of a flexural member
made with M25 grade of concrete.
Ans.: As per clause 6.2.2 of IS 456:2000, Tensile strength (i.e. flexural strength) of a concrete can be
estimated from the formula.
Flexural strength = 0.7 fck (N/mm2)
Where, fck is the characteristic compressive strength of concrete.
Hence for M20 concrete, Flexural strength = 0.7 20 = 3.13 N/mm2.
07) Mention the codal provisions for minimum reinforcement to be provided as primary and
secondary reinforcement in R.C. slab.
Ans.: As per clause 26.5.2.1. of IS 456:2000, The mild steel reinforcement in either direction in slabs
shall not be less than 0.15 percent of the total cross sectional area.
However, theis value can be reduced to 0.12 percent when high strength deformed bars or
welded wire fabric are used.
TWO MARK Q & A and BIG QUESTIONS

CE6505 DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE ELEMENTS

08) Draw yield line pattern for a one way slab with simply supported edge conditions.
Ans.: The yield line pattern for a one way slab with simply supported edge conditions shown below:

09) Sketch the edge and middle strip of two way slab.
Ans.: As per Clause D 1.2 of IS 456 : 2000 the edge and middle strip of two way slab are

10) What is the importance of two way slabs over one way slab?
Ans.: The following are the importance of two way slabs over one way slab:
(i) The bending takes place along both shorter and longer spans. However, reinforcement has to
be provided in both the directions.
(ii) The maximum bending moment and deflection for two-way slab is much smaller than that
of a one-way slab. The thickness of two-way slab is also thinner than one-way slab.
11) List the factors that influence the moments developed in two-way rectangular slabs.
Ans.: The following factors that influence the moments developed in two-way rectangular slabs:
(i) Loading conditions.
(ii) Type of supports.
(iii) Type of panel (Edge conditions).
S.M.K./A.P./CIVIL/S.E.C.

UNIT II LIMIT STATE DESIGN FOR FLEXURE

12) What is the advantage of two way slabs over one way slab?
Ans.: The following are the advantage of two way slabs over one way slab:
(i) The maximum bending moment and deflection for two-way slab is much smaller than that of
a one-way slab.
(ii) The thickness of two-way slab is also thinner than one-way slab.
13) Why corner reinforcements are provided in a two way slab?
Ans.: To resist torsional moments induced at the held-down corners, it is necessary to provide a mesh
reinforcement at both the faces of the slab, at each corner.

TWO MARK Q & A and BIG QUESTIONS

CE6505 DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE ELEMENTS

16 Mark [Questions]
CE2306 (R 2008) - April / May 2015 (A.U. Chennai) Q.P. Code: 71258

(Or)

CE2306 (R 2008) November / December 2014 (A.U. Chennai) Q.P. Code: 91243

(Or)

CE2306 (R 2008) May / June 2014 (A.U. Chennai) Q.P. Code: 51242

S.M.K./A.P./CIVIL/S.E.C.

UNIT II LIMIT STATE DESIGN FOR FLEXURE

(Or)

CE2306 (R 2008) November / December 2013 (A.U. Chennai) Q.P. Code: 31210

(Or)

CE2306 (R 2008) - May / June 2013 (A.U. Chennai) Q.P. Code: 21210
(b) Design a one way slab for the following data:
Size
Live load

= 3 m X 9 m,
2

= 3 kN/m ,

Width of the supports = 230 mm,

Floor finish

= 1 kN/m2.

Use M 20 concrete and Fe 415 steel.

(16)

CE2306 (R 2008) November / December 2012 (A.U. Chennai) Q.P. Code: 11194

(Or)

TWO MARK Q & A and BIG QUESTIONS

CE6505 DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE ELEMENTS

CE2306 (R 2008) - May / June 2012 (A.U. Chennai) Q.P. Code: 10229

(Or)

CE1354 (R 2004) - April / May 2011 (A.U. Chennai) Q.P. Code: 55232

(Or)

Compiled By:

Mr. S. MANIKANDAN M.E. (Structural Engg.)

Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering,
Shanmuganathan Engineering College, Arasampatti, Pudukkottai 622507.
Email: smanikandanme@gmail.com
S.M.K./A.P./CIVIL/S.E.C.