Allergic Reactions

Allergic reactions are caused by over activity of the

immune system against specifi c antigens (foreign
substances). People with allergies are especially sensitive
to these antigens. When their immune systems overreact
to the antigens it is called an allergic reaction.
Antigens that often cause allergic reactions in at-risk
people include the following:
Bee or insect venom
Antibiotics
Pollen
Animal dander
Latex
Sulfa drugs
Certain foods (e.g., tree nuts, peanuts, shellfi sh and
dairy products)
People who know that they are severely allergic to certain
substances or bee stings may wear a medical ID tag,
necklace or bracelet.

What to Look For

Allergic reactions can range from mild to severe. An
example of a mild reaction is an itchy skin rash from
touching poison ivy. Severe allergic reactions can cause
a life-threatening condition called anaphylaxis (also
called anaphylactic shock). Anaphylaxis usually occurs
suddenly. It happens within seconds or minutes after
contact with the substance. The skin or area of the body
that comes in contact with the substance usually swells
and turns red. Other signals include the following:
Hives
Itching
Rash
Weakness
Nausea
Stomach cramps
Vomiting
Dizziness
Trouble breathing (including coughing and wheezing)
Trouble breathing can progress to a blocked airway as
the lips, tongue, throat and larynx (voice box) swell.
Low blood pressure and shock may accompany
these reactions. Death from anaphylaxis may
happen quickly because the persons breathing is
restricted severely.

When to Call 9-1-1

Call 9-1-1 or the local emergency number if the person:
Has trouble breathing.
Complains of the throat tightening.
Explains that he or she is subject to severe
allergic reactions.
Is unconscious.

What to Do Until Help Arrives

If you suspect anaphylaxis and have called 9-1-1 or the

local emergency number, follow these guidelines for

giving care:
1. Monitor the persons breathing and for any
changes in the persons condition.
2. Give care for life-threatening emergencies.
3. Check a conscious person to determine:
The substance (antigen) involved.
The route of exposure to the antigen.
The effects of the exposure.
4. Assist the person with using an epinephrine autoinjector,
if available and state or local regulations
allow.
5. Assist the person with taking an antihistamine,
if available.
6. Document any changes in the persons condition
over time