Alumno: Chirinos Retuerto Sal Mximo

Cdigo: 20140046h
Curso: Matemtica Bsica I
Cdigo: 20140046h
Profesor: Salinas
Especialidad: L2
Seccin: O

INDUCCIN MATEMTICA

1
S n=1222+3 24 2+ + (1 )n1 .n=(1 )n1 . n .

n+1
2

n=1

S 1=12=(1 )11 . 1.

1+ 1
=1
2

E n n+1
S n+1 =S n + (1 )n .(n+1)2=(1 )n .(n+1).

(1 )n 1 . n .

n+2
2

n+1
n+ 2
+ (1 )n .(n+1)2=(1 )n .(n+1).
2
2

n2 n 2
n2 +3 n+2
+ n +2 n+1=
2
2
n2 +3 n+2=n2 +3 n+2
S e cumple para n+1 cumple n N

2
sin 2n+1
cos .cos 2 . cos 4 . .cos 2 = n+1
2 sin
n

n=1

cos .cos 2 =

sin 4 2sin 2 cos 2

=
=cos .cos 2
4 sin
4 sin

E n n+1
sin2n +1
sin 2n+2
n +1
.
cos
2

=
2 n+1 sin
2n+2 sin

n +1

2 .sin 2

n +1

. cos 2

n+1

=sin2 . 2

S e cumple para n+1 cumple n N

a+ a+ a 1+ 42 a+1 , a> 0
n radicales

a+ a+ a=P 2 P<1+ 4 a+1( I )

n=1

a<

1+ 4 a+1
4 a<1+ 4 a+1
2

E n n+1

a+P<

1+ 4 a+1 2
( )
2

4 a+4 P< 1+ 2 4 a+1+4 a+1

2 P<1+ 4 a+1 D e(I )
S e cumple para n+1 cumple n N

4
D ados los nmeros =1+ 2 , =1 2 se tiene n=an +bn 2 ,

+
n=a nb n 2 an , bn Z

a an22b n2 tiene valor absoluto independiente de n

|a n2 2b n2|=|(a n+ bn 2)(a nbn 2)|=|n . n|=x

| . |=|(1+ 2)(1 2)|=|1|=1
n=1

an =1 bn =1

|122 .1 2|=|1|=1
E n n+1

|a n+122 bn +12|=|( an +1+ bn+1 2)(a n+1bn+1 2)|

|a n+122 bn +12|=|n +1 . n+1|=|n . n|.| . |

|a n+122 bn +12|=x . 1=x

S e cumple para n+1 cumple n N

an
es irreductible
bn

Recordar si
x , y son PESI entonces x+ y , y son PESI

x+ y , y son PESI entonces x+ y , x +2 y son PESI

n=1

an =1 bn =1
an 1
1
= 1 y 1 son PESI entonces es irreductible
bn 1
1
E n n+1
n+1

=an +1+ bn+1 2

n+1

= . =(a n+ bn 2)(1+ 2)=an +2 bn + 2(a n+ bn )

an +1=a n+2 b n bn +1=an + bn

Si an bn son PESI entonces an +1 bn +1 son PESI
S e cumple para n+1 cumple n N

5
n
(2 n)!
4
<
;n2
n+1 (n !)2

S ea

(2 n)!
4n
=P
=Q P<Q( I )
n+ 1
(n !)2

n=2
2

(2 .2) !
4
16 2 4
^ 6
<
<
5 , 3<
2
2+1 (2 !)
3 4
E n n+1
n+1
n
(2n+ 2)!
4
4 . 4 ( 2 n ) ! ( 2 n+1 ) .2
<

<
n+2 ((n+1)! )2
n+ 2
( n ) !2 (n+1)

(2 n +5 n+2)
4n ( 2 n ) ! (2 n+1 ) (n+2)
<
P<
Q
2
2
n+1
( n ) ! (n+1) . 2
(2 n2 + 4 n+2)

P<(1+

n
)Q D e ( I )
2 n +4 n+2
2

S e cumple para n+1 cumple n 2 N

6
S ea n definido por 0 =2 , 1 =

5
2

n+1 = n ( n122 ) 1 para n N

1

2n
1
donde e n=
3

P robar n=2e +2e , n N

n

n+1 = n ( n1 2 )

5
2

2
( e n +2e ) [(2e + 2e 22) ]
n

n1

en +1

n1

e n+ 1

2 +2

5
2

2
( e n +2e ) [ 22e + 22 e ]
n

n1

e n+ 1

en+ 1

2 +2

n1

5
2

2e +2e =2e +2 e +2e 2 e +2e +2 e +2e 2 e

n+1

n+ 1

n1

n1

n1

n1

5
2

2n
1
e n=
3
1

n
2 . 2n+
n+1
2 =
1
e n+1=
3
1

n
2 +2 .
n1

1
2 en1=
3
1
e n1=
3

2e +2e
n+1

=2e +2 e +2

n+ 1

n1

n
2 .2n +

7
S ean a1 , a2 , , an satisfacen lacondicin1<ai 0 i N
P robar que n N cumple que

( 1+a1 ) ( 1+a 2) ( 1+an ) 1+a1 +a2 ++a n

S ea ( 1+a1 ) ( 1+a2 ) ( 1+an ) =P 1+a1 +a 2++ an=Q
P Q(I )
1< a1 0 0<a1 +1 1
0<a 2+1 1(x)

0<a n+ 1 1
0< P 1( x an +1)
an +1 P(a n+1)(II )
n=1
1+a1 1+ a1
E n n+1

P ( 1+ an+1 ) Q+an +1 P+ P(a n+1) Q+ an +1

( I )+(II )=P+ P(an +1)Q+a n+1
S e cumple para n+1 cumple n N

SUMATORIAS
1y2
A= n cos x+ n cos 2 x++ n cos( n+ 1) x
0
1
n

()

()

()

B= n sen x+ n sen 2 x ++ n sen (n+1) x

0
1
n

()

()

()

S ea z=cos x +i sen x

A + Bi= n z+ n z 2 ++ n z n+1
0
1
n

() ()

()

++ n z n
n
n + n z
0 1
A+B i=z

()
()()

A +Bi=z ( 1+z )n
A + Bi=z ( 1+cos x +i sen x )n
x2
x
x
A + Bi=z 2cos +i 2 sen .cos
2
2
2

A + Bi=z 2cos

x
2

)(

x
x
cos +i sen
2
2

x n 2
A + Bi=z 2cos
z
2

A + Bi= 2 cos

x
2

) (cos ( n2 +1)x +i sen ( n2 +1) x )

x
n
A=2 cos
cos( +1) x
2
2
n

B=2n cos

xn
n
sen( +1) x
2
2

3
3x
sen

x
sen(2 n1)

C=( sen x)2 +

x
sen (2 k1)

C=
k=1

1 cos ( 4 k 2 ) x

C= k=1

k=1

2
n

B uscando el ak y a k1 para cos ( 4 k 2 ) x

k=1

sen ( 4 k2+ a ) x sen ( 4 k 6+ a ) x

=cos ( 4 k 2 ) x
b
b

2 cos ( 4 k 4 +a ) x . sen 2 x
=cos ( 4 k 2 ) x
b
4 k2=4 k4+ a a=2 b=2 cos 2 x

ak =

sen (4 k4) x
sen 4 kx
a k1=
2 sen 2 x
2 sen 2 x

k=1

k=1

cos ( 4 k 2 ) x= (ak ak1)=ana0=

n

k=1

k=1

sen 4 nx
0
2 sen 2 x

4 nx
cos ( 4 k 2 ) x= 2sen
1=n
sen 2 x
n

1 cos ( 4 k 2 ) x

C= k=1

k=1

n sen 4 nx
C=
2 4 sen 2 x

n
=

sen 4 nx
2 sen 2 x
2

4
n

D=cos x+2 cos 2 x+ 3 cos 3 x ++n . cos nx= k . cos kx

k=1

B uscando el ak y a k1 para k . cos kx

k=1

k . sen ( k + a ) x ( k1 ) . sen ( k1+a ) x

c=k .cos kx
b
b
1
x
2 k . cos (k +a)x . sen + sen ( k1+ a ) x
2
2
c =k . cos kx
b
1
1
x
k =k +a a= b=2 sen
2
2
2

c=

( 12 ) x

sen k

sen ( k1+ a ) x
=
b

2 sen

( 12 ) x a

k . sen k +
ak =

x
2 sen
2

x
2

( 12 ) x

( k1 ) . sen k
k1

2 sen

x
2

k =1

k=1

k=1

k=1

D= k .cos kx= ( ak ak1c ) = ( a k a k1 ) c

k =1

k=1

( 12 ) x

sen k

D= ( ak ak1 )

2 sen

sen (k 12 ) x

D=ana 0 k=1

2 sen

x
2

x
2

1
1
n . sen n+ x
sen k x

2
2
D=
0 k=1
x
x
2 sen
2 sen
2
2

( )

( )

( 12 ) x

B uscando elb k y b k1 para sen k

k=1

1
3
cos k + a x cos k + a x
2
2
1

=sen k x
b
b
2

2 . sen ( k 1+a ) x . sen

b

x
2

( )

( 12 ) x

=sen k

1
1
x
k =k1+a a= b=2 sen
2
2
2

bk =

cos ( k 1 ) x
cos kx
bk1=
x
x
2 sen
2 sen
2
2
n

sen k 12 x= ( bkbk1)=bn b0
k=1
k=1

( )

n
x
2
sen

n
1
cos nx
1
+
=
sen k 2 x=
x
x
k=1
2 sen
2 sen
2
2

( )

D=

1
1
x sen k x
2
2
k=1
x
x
2 sen
2 sen
2
2

( )

n . sen n+

( )

n
x
2
sen

x
sen
2

n
x
2
sen

x
2
sen

( 12 ) x

n . sen n+
D=

2 sen

x
2

5
3 n +6 k+8

S=

k
k ( j4
)

k=1 j=1

R eformulando
3 n +6 k+4

3 n +6

3 n +6

k=1 j =4

k=1

j=0

k=1

S=

k =
k ( j4
) k (kj )= k . 2k
3 n+6

B uscando el ak y a k1 para k . 2k
k=1

k1
k .2k ( k 1 ) . 2
k

c=k . 2
b
b

1
k .2k . +2k1
2
c=k . 2k
b
k1

1
2
b= c=
=2k
2
b
k

k1

ak =2 k .2 a k1 =2(k 1). 2
3 n +6

3 n+ 6

3 n+6

3n +6

k=1

k=1

k=1

S= k . 2 = (ak a k1c )= ( ak ak1 ) c

k

k=1

3 n+6

S=ana 0 2 =2 ( 3 n+6 ) . 2
k

k =1

( 3 n +7)

S=( 3 n+ 6 ) .2

( 3 n+6 )

3 n +6

02 2
k=1

3 n+ 5

2 2k =( 3 n+6 ) . 2(3 n +7)2 .

k =0

S=( 3 n+ 6 ) .2

( 3 n +7)

( 3 n+7 )

k1

+ 2=( 3 n+5 ) . 2

( 3 n+7 )

23 n +61
21

+2

6
6 n+4

A= 3 n .cos 4 nk
k=5 k

( )

R eformulando
3n

A= 3 n . cos 4 nk
k=0 k

( )

A= 3 n .cos 0+ 3 n . cos 4 n++ 3 n . cos 12 n2

0
1
3n

( )

( )

( )

S ea B= 3 n . sen 0+ 3 n . sen 4 n++ 3 n . sen 12 n2

0
1
3n

( )

( )

S ea z=cos 4 n+i sen 4 n

( )

1+ z

3
n
3
n
A + Bi=
+
z ++ 3 n z3 n =
0
1
3n

( )( )

( )

1+cos 4 n+i sen 4 n

A+B i=
2 cos 2 n2+ i. 2 sen 2 n . cos 2n

A + Bi=
2cos 2 n

cos 2 n+i sen 2 n

A+ B i=
A + Bi=23 n .(cos 2n)3 n (cos 6 n2 + i sen 6 n2 )
A=23 n .(cos 2n)3 n3 n .cos 6 n2

7
4 n

A=(X X + X ) =+ +
12

B=(23 X ) =+ X +
H alla , , Z
3 nk

( )( )

= n . x2
k

. ( x)4 k

3
3n
( nk )4 k =0 3 n3 k =8 k 3 n=11 k k =
2
11

n
= 3n
11

( )
k

12k
X = 12 . ( 2 )
. ( x ) 3 0 k 12 k =0 , 3 ,6 ,9 , 12
k

( )

k
= =0 ,1 , 2 ,3 , 4
3
12k
12
= 12 . ( 2 )
= 12 . ( 2 ) =4096
k
0

( )

( )

9
6
= 12 . ( 2 ) =112640 = 12 . (2 ) =59136
3
6

( )

( )

3
0
= 12 . ( 2 ) =1760= 12 . ( 2 ) =1
9
12

( )

( )

8
a
4m

4m

4m

m=1

m=1

m=1

A=4+ ( 4+8 m)=4 + 4+ 8 m=4+ 4 . 4 m+ 8 m. 4 m

A=4+16 m+32 m2

b
3 n+6

B= (2 k +1) 3 n
k 6
k =2
R eformulando

( )

3 n+6

3n

B= (2 k +1) 3 n = (2 k +13) 3 n
k 6 k=0
k
k=6

( )

( )

3n

3 n1 + 13
3n

k1
k=0 k

( )
( )
k ( 3 n) + 13 ( 3 n )=2 .3 n
k
k
3n

3n

k=0

k=0

3n

B=2
k=0

3n

B=2 .3 n
k=1

3n

3 n1 +13
3 n =2 .3 n

k 1
k=0 k

( )

Recordar que
n

(nk )=2n
k=0

B=2 .3 n . 23 n1+ 13. 23 n=23 n (3 n+ 13)

9
k

H alle N= M
i=1 j=1

3 n1

(
k=0

3n

3 n1 + 13
3n

k
k
k =0

( )

log

log

M
1

ai k
()

j=1

S i log a M =
i

i=1

k =1
log

M
1
a1

M
M = log a
log a
1

log a =0 1
1

k =2

i=1

log

M
1

ai 2

log

M
1
2

ai
( )

M
log a

M . log a M =
2

i=1

log a
1

log

M
1

ai 2

log a M . log a M

M . log a M=
2

i=1

log a
1

log

M
1

a1 2

log

M
1

a2 2

log a M . log a M
M . log a M =
log a
1

M = 0 cumple el caso k=2 donde M=1

Si log a
1

M =1
Si log a
1

log

M
1

a2 2

log

M
1
2

a2

log a M
M = log a M +
log a
2

M = 0 M =1
log a
2

N= M = 1=k k
i=1 j=1

i=1 j=1

10
8n

5
B= 6 n .cos k
3
k=0 k

( )

Reformulando
6n

5
B= 6 n .cos k
3
k=0 k

( )

5
B= 6 n . cos 0+ 6 n . cos ++ 6 n . cos 10 n
3
0
1
6n

( )

( )

( )

5
C= 6 n . sen 0+ 6 n . sen ++ 6 n . sen 10 n
3
0
1
6n

( )

( )

( )

5
5
Sea z=cos +i sen
3
3
1+ z

B+ Ci= 6 n + 6 n z ++ 6 n z 6 n=
0
1
6n

( )( )

5
5
1+cos +i sen
3
3

B+Ci=

( )

5
5
5
2 cos +i 2 sen . cos
6
6
6

B+C i=
5
2 cos
6

5
5
cos +i sen
6
6

B+Ci=
5 6n
B+ Ci=26 n . cos (cos 5 n+i sen 5 n)
6
5 6n
B=26 n . cos . cos 5 n
6

11
Determineel coeficiente de n3 de :
2

(n + ) +((n1) +2 ) ++ ( +n )

(( nk +1 ) +k )2
k=1

( nk +1 )2 2+2 ( nk +1 ) . k . . +k 2 2
k=1

k=1

k=1

( nk +1 ) 2+ 2 ( nk +1 ) . k . . + k 2 2
k=1

( nk +1 ) +2. . ( nk +1 ) . k + k 2
k=1

k=1

k=1

k=1

k=1

n +
2

k=1

2 n3 + 2 .

k +
2

k=1

12
k=1

nk +2
k=1

k=1

n2

k=1

k=1

k=1

k=1

2 n3 + 2 .

2n
n
n
n
2n
2 2 +2 . . . 4 . . . + 2
6
2
2
6
6

.
+ .+
+
+
n3
3
3
3
3

k=1

k =1

n(n+ 1)(2 n+1) 2

n ( n+ 1 )
n ( n+1 )
n ( n+1 )
n(n+1)(2 n+1)
+ n2 2 n .
+2 2 n22 2 .
+2 . . . n .
2 . . .
+2 . .
6
2
2
2
6

2. .
2 + .
+
3
3
3

n3 2 +

k + ( 2. . ) nk ( 2. . ) k + ( 2. . ) k +( ) k

L os que tienen al n3

n3

n + k + 12 nk +2 n2 k +(2. . ) nkk +k +( ) k 2
2

] [

E lcoeficiente de n3 es

+ . +
3

]
2