Government of The Republic of Indonesia

Ministry of Public Works

Directorate General of Water Resources

PIRIMP
Participatory Irrigation Rehabilitation-Improvement
Management Project
(JICA Loan No. IP-546)

Training Materials
of
Quality Control

March 2010

Nippon Koei Co., Ltd.

PT.
PT.
PT.

In association with
Tata Guna Patria, PT. DDC Consultants, PT. Wiratman & Associates, PT. Virama Karya,
Indra
Karya,
PT.
Binatama
Wirawredha
Konsultan,
PT.
Andal
Agrikarya
Prima,
Amythas Expert & Associates,
PT. Tricon Jaya, and PT. Gitamanda Laksana Konsultan

PIRIMP
Training Materials
of
Quality Control

Earth Works
Excavation Criteria

----------------------------- E-1

Embankment Criteria

----------------------------- E-3

Trial Embankment
FDT, FPT
Note for Embankment Works
QC Method
Do nots

----------------------- E-4
----------------------------- E-8
---------- E14
----------------------------- E-17
----------------------------- E-26

Excavation Criteria
- Cutting slope gradient
- Judgment of excavated material as embankment material
- Judgment of soft foundation

1)

Cutting Slope Gradient

Structure in common soil area
- Cutting slope for temporary exposed
surface
- Permanent exposed slope

2)

TS B-3.2
Slope (1 : m) /
Dimension
1 : 0.5
1 : 1.0
1 : 1.0 to 1 : 1.5
1 : 2.0

- Horizontal distance from bottom

outside edge of foundation

0.5m

- Berm width at every 3.0m depth of

excavation

0.5m

Condition for Excavation

non sand and gravel
sand and gravel
above water
under water

Judgment of excavated material as embankment material

TS B-3.4.1, 4.2.3
D100

- Dmax < 100 mm

- Plastic Index (PI) > 15 %
- Moisture content
Wopt-5% < Wn < Wopt+3%

3)

Soft Foundation
Cutting Slope

D95

TS IV-4.2.5

Structure in Soft Foundation Soil Sites

- Cutting slope for temporary exposed surface
1 : 1.0
- Permanent exposed slope
1 : 1.0 to 1 : 2.0
- Horizontal distance from bottom edge of foundation
1.0 m
- Berm width at every 1.5m depth of excavation
1.0 m
Judgment of Foundation
See next page
N < 10 (Sandy Soil)
N < 4 (Clayey Soil)

QC Manual

Soft Foundation

E-1

E-1

Wopt

E-1

E-1

Serial No :

CHECK LIST FOR CANAL/STRUCTURE FOUNDATION

Date/Month/Year :
/
/
Contractor:
Name of Canal/Structure:

Weather : Fine, Cloudy, Rain

Contract No. :
Location:
qc value
Average
He

5.5

"qc test" should be carried out every 100m for canal

foundation. (2~3 times/place)
or as instructed by the Engineer.
At least 5 times / place for Structure.

He
Note :
He= (W/A)/1.9
(1.9 : Unit Weight of Soil)

Equivalent embankment height (He) should be

calculated in accordance with the scale of the
concrete structure.

Embankment height (He) and Required cone index (qc)

Embankment
Height He
(m)

Required Bearing
Capacity qa

Required Cone
Index qc

(tf/m2)

(kgf/cm2)

Remarks
Stability analysis
should be made.

10 < He
6 < He < 10

20

12.5 < qc

3 < He < 6

10

5 < qc < 12.5

He < 3

2.5 < qc < 5

qc < 2.5

Judgment

Embankment
Height (He)
qc (kgf/cm2)

5.5

Acceptable
Unsuitable

Not acceptable

The above works were carried out in accordance with the checklist mentioned above.
Sign :
Name :
The Contractor
Sign :
Name :
Inspector of the Consultant

Inspected by :
Sign :
Name :
Inspector of the Project

E-2

Technically approved by :
Sign :
Name :
The Consultant
Designated Engineer

Accepted by :
Sign :
Name :
The Engineer
Designated Engineer

E-2

CANAL/STRUCTURE FOUNDATION
Weather : Fine, Cloudy, Rain
Contract No. :
Location:

Average
5.5

"qc test" should be carried out every 100m for canal

foundation. (2~3 times/place)
or as instructed by the Engineer.
At least 5 times / place for Structure.

Equivalent embankment height (He) should be

calculated in accordance with the scale of the
concrete structure.

eight (He) and Required cone index (qc)

Judgment

m
5.5

Not acceptable

E-2

E-2

QC Criteria for Embankment Works

- Material
- Required Quality
- Compaction
Item

Description

Remarks

Material

Dmax < 100 mm

PI
> 15 %
No organic material

Excavated material
Stockpiled mat.
Borrow area mat.

Required
Quality

Wopt-5% < Wn < Wopt+3%

D value > 95 %
(FDT)
k < 3 x 10-5 cm/sec (FPT)

Compaction

Placing thickness
Nos. of passing
Equipment

to be decided
in accordance with

D100

Wopt

D95

Trial
Embankment

t=20cm

t=25
t=30
Tamping Roller

10

Nos. of Passing

Vibration Roller (Flat Roller)

E-3

Tire Roller

E-3

d material
ed mat.
rea mat.

Trial
Embankment

Tamping Roller

Vibration Roller (Flat Roller)

E-3

Tire Roller

E-3

Minimum 1:10

7th - 9th layer = 0.30 m

(before compaction)
4th - 6th layer = 0.25 m
(before compaction)
1st - 3rd layer = 0.20 m
(before compaction)
Subgrade 0.50 m
(after compaction)
Section

Not to scale

10 passes

8 passes

6 passes

4 passes

compaction
equipment

not specified

10

Plan

Not to scale

Note:

Unit: meter

: Measure of settlement at ea

QC Manual F-B.3.2

: Field density and permeabi

E-4

7th - 9th layer = 0.30 m

(before compaction)

Approx. 2.25 m
before compaction

4th - 6th layer = 0.25 m

(before compaction)

and 1.95 m after

compaction

1st - 3rd layer = 0.20 m

(before compaction)
Subgrade 0.50 m
(after compaction)

2
1
5
1
2

: Measure of settlement at each layer

: Field density and permeability test

Procedure of Trial Embankment (1/2)

TS B-4.2.2
- Scarify surface of foundation to a
depth about 10cm (less than 15cm).
- Ajust moisture content

5 points / Panel

Procedure of Trial Embankment (2/2)

Borrow Area (Stockpile)

Laboratory Test

MDD

OMC+3%

Wn

Gradation Curve

OMC

Dry Density

B-4.2.2
carify surface of foundation to a
th about 10cm (less than 15cm).
ust moisture content

P75>7%

Compaction

5 points / Panel

Field Density Test

Field Permeability Test

3 samples / Panel

Judgement / Evaluation
D95
k310-5cm/s
d

Nos. of Passing

E-5

Trial Embankment (2/2)

QC Manual T-B.3.1
Gradation Curve

PI
Dmax<100mm

etc
75

samples / Panel

t=20cm
t=25
t=30

10

Nos. of Passing

E-6

3rd Layer
2nd Layer
1st Layer

Sta.3

Sta.2

Frequency & Timing of Field/Laboratory Test

Sta.1

F- B.4.1A

Schematic Longitudinal Section

Time Schedule

3rd Layer
2nd Layer
1st Layer

4
2
1

FDT
FPT

6
3

1 Test

2010, May
Compaction
Permeability
Particle size
LL & PL
Specific G'ty

Borrow Area : A
Borrow Area : B

Note : Compaction
Permeability
Particle size

once / 50,000 m3
once / a month

FDT: 1 test = 3 samples / shift

FPT: once / 9 samples

d
A

LL & PL
Specific G'ty

at each change of material

B

E-7

Sta.4
8

1 Test

2010, June

Field Test (Density & Permeability)

Sand Replacement

20~30cm
about 20cm

Plastic bag

Water Replacement

E-8

Field
Permeability
Test

FDT (Field Density Test)

Sand Replace Method 1/2

Preparation
of surface

Setting Plate
& excavation

Sand replace
- Ready -

E-9

E-9

Preparation
of surface

Setting Plate
& excavation

Sand replace
- Ready -

E-9

E-9

FDT (Field Density Test)

Sand Replace Method 2/2

Sand replace

Sand replace
- Finish -

Clean up for
next procedure

E-10

E-10

Sand replace

Sand replace
- Finish -

Clean up for
next procedure

E-10

E-10

1) FPT (Field Permeability Test) 1/3

2) FPT (Field Permeability Test) 2/3

Pipe

2r
d

Ping-pong
ball (Float)

Simple Method

Cylinder
1 liter

Marking

Stick

Gravel

q (cm3)
Q = q / t (cm3/sec)
t : duration (sec)
h
H=d-h (cm)

k : permeability
coefficient
(cm/sec)

[ {

( )}

Q
H
H
k=
log e
+ 1+
2
r
r
2 H

r 2 r
1+
+
H
H

( )

E-11

3) FPT (Field Permeability Test) 3/3

Simple Method

4)

kv, kh (Laboratory) and k (Field)

Laboratory

Field

kv
k
kh
kh > kv

kv

? cm/sec

k = k v k h
k 310-5cm/sec

E-12

5) Anisotropic Characteristics in Compacted Fill

Type of Roller

kh / kv

average

Tamping Roller

2 ~ 10

Tire Roller
(Flat Roller)

20 ~ 30

25

6) Target K-value in Laboratory

Assumption kh / kv = 5

(average of tamping roller)

k = k hk v= 5k v <3105 cm /sec

kv < 1.3 x 10-5 cm/sec

kv < 1 x 10-5 cm/secTarget k-value (Laboratory)

7) Necessity of Scarifying

kh > kv

kh >> kv

Well-scarified

Poor-scarified
(without scarify)

8) Bad Sample

E-13

Thin layer is observed clearly.

E-13

verage
5
25

kh >> kv

Poor-scarified
(without scarify)

E-13

observed clearly.

E-13

Procedure of Embankment Works

1) Before it will rain
Flat Roller
Remedy for Rainfall
using Flat Roller

2) Before commence next layer

Wet Surface

Dry Surface

Remove loose
& wet layer

Spraying

or wait untill dry-up

3) Scarifying
Scarifying

4) Placing & Spreading

Spreading

Placing
Dry-up

Spraying

Compaction

5) Compaction
v

4 km/hr

E-14

FDT

FPT

6) return to 1)

E-14

Spraying

Spraying

E-14

E-14

3rd Layer
2nd Layer
1st Layer

Sta.3

Sta.2

Sta.1

Construction Joint

4
2

Schematic Longitudinal Section

Constructed Layer

New Layer

Constructed Layer

New Layer
a)

b)

2.5 ~ 3.0
1

c)

E-15

Sta.4
Trimming
about 3 m

Confirmation of Density
FDT

Placing & Compaction

New Layer

Remedy for Sump Water

RC pipe
(>50cm)
Compaction
Surface

Pump up

Water Table
Ground Surface

Injection Pipe
Return Pipe
( 1)

D > 50 cm

RC Pipe
filled up with
Gravel material

Grouting milk
should be injected
after completion

Pouring
Concrete

E-16

Site

Laboratory

Borrow area - Moisture content

Water content
Optimum moisture content

Field density

Compaction test

(1 test = 3 samples/shift)

(once/50,000 m3)
(once/ a month)
at each change of material
Maximum dry density
Degree of compaction
[ D > 95 %]
Check

Field permeability k

Permeability test

(once/ 9 density tests)

[ k < 3x10-5 cm/sec*]

[Constant head methode]

[kv<1x10-5 cm/s : Tamping roller]

* below canal water level

[kv<6x10-6 cm/s : Flat roller]

(once/50,000 m3)
(once/ a month)
at each change of material
Particle size distribution
(once/50,000 m3)
(once/ a month)
at each change of material
[Dmax < 100 mm]
[P75 > 7 %]
Liquid and plastic limits
(once/50,000 m3)
(once/ a month)
at each change of material
[PI > 15 %]
Specific gravity
(once/50,000 m3)
(once/ a month)
at each change of material

E-17

Figure B.4.1 Quality Control of Earthfill Materials

E-17

wn
moisture content

w
wopt

of material

dmax
D

k
kv
Tamping roller]

Dmax
P75

of material

PI

of material

Gs

of material

E-17

E-17

PIRIMP

CONTRACT NO. :

Sub Project :

CONTRACTOR :

SUMMARY OF LABORATORY TEST

:
:
:

Location
Sampling Date
Sample No.

Date :

Depth or Elevation :

Consistency

Natural Water Content

Specific Gravity of Soil

Gs

Wet Density

g/cm3

Dry Density

g/cm3

%
2.64

2.67

25.00

20.30

26.10

30.80

g/cm3

1.45

1.44

1.44

1.48

Sr

Gravel Part

2 - 75 mm

Sand Part

75 m - 2 mm

Silt Part

5 m - 75 m

- 5 m

Clay Part

Max. Diameter

mm

60% Passing Particle Size

D60

mm

10% Passing Particle Size

D10

mm

Passing no. 200 (75m)

P75

Coeff. Uniformity

Cc

Liquid Limit

LL

Plastic Limit

PL

Plasticity Index

PI

Moisture Content 95%

95%

Compaction

2.64

Degree of Saturation

Unified Classification

dry side

dry side

g/cm3

Optimum Moisture Content

omc

Max. Dry Density

dm a x

Moisture Content 95%

95%

wet side

d wet side

g/cm3

(after compaction)

Direct
Shear

Unconfined compression
Cohesion

UU

qu

Kg/cm2

Kg/cm2

Internal Friction Angle

Cohesion

Cohesion (Effective)

Consolidation

Kg/cm2

Internal Friction Angle

C'

Kg/cm2

'

Internal Friction Angle (Eff.)

Coeff. of Permeability

Kg/cm2

Cohesion
CU

Internal Friction Angle

Triaxial Shear

Shear Strength

2.62

Void Ratio

Proportion
(JIS A 1204)

Grain Size Analysis

Index (General) Properties

Properties

Station

95%

d dry side

cm/sec.

95%

cm/sec.

95%

d wet side

opt

cm/sec.

Cc
Cv

cm2/sec.

PREPARED AND TESTED BY

TECHNICALLY APPROVED BY

ACCEPTED BY

CONTRACTOR

CONSULTANT

PROJECT

DATE

SIGN

NAME

DATE

SIGN

NAME

DATE

SIGN

NAME

MARY OF LABORATORY TEST

2.59

26.40
1.40

ACCEPTED BY
PROJECT

E-18

Checking relation between Wopt and Max. Dry Density

W.content
(%)
Sr(%)

Max. Dry Density (g/cm3)

16
20
24
28
32
36
40
44

d
(g/cm3)
100
1.852
1.724
1.613
1.515
1.429
1.351
1.282
1.220

Gs =

2.63

90
1.793
1.661
1.547
1.447
1.360
1.282
1.213
1.151

80
1.724
1.587
1.471
1.370
1.282
1.205
1.136
1.075

Wopt and Max. DD

2.000

1.800

to be checked !

Row 33
100
90
80

1.600

1.400

1.200

to be checked !

1.000
15

20

25 Moisture Content
30 (%)

35

40

45

Wopt and Max. DD

Row 33
100
90
80

25 Moisture Content
30 (%)

35

40

45

E-19

Data Arrangement
1) Xbar - R Chart

: D-value
: W

Compaction Degree
Diference between Wopt and Wn

2) Others

: Wn
: P75
: PI
:K

Natural moisture content

Percentage of fine particle
Plastic Index
Permeability Coefficient

Xbar - R Chart
Refer to Concrete Works

Refer to Sample below

E-20

PIRIMP

CONTRACT NO.:

Sub Project:

CONTRACTOR :

GRAIN SIZE ANALYSIS RECORD : P75 (Percentage of fine particle)

(To be prepared by each canal, structure, or borrow area)

Name of Canal:

Name of Borrow Area:

Side of Embankment:
No.

DATE

or

Station

Elevation (m)

P75 > 7

0.3

12.8

9.5

15.6

11.3

17.8

10.3

7.9

13.4

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

16.0

(%)

10.12 10.42

Layer

14.0

To

P75 (%)
12.0

From

Judge't

10.0

To

t=
(m)

P75

8.0

From

Period of the embankment work:

6.0

D/M/Y

6
10
12
14
16
18
20

DATE

8
Sample NO.

PREPARED AND TESTED BY CONTRACTOR

SIGN
NAME

APPROVED BY CONSULTANT
DATE

SIGN

ACCEPTED BY PRO
DATE

NAME

E-21

E-21

fine particle)
w area)

ent work:
P75 (%)
20.0

18.0

16.0

14.0

12.0

10.0

8.0

6.0
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20

ACCEPTED BY PROJECT
SIGN
NAME

E-21

E-21

PIRIMP

CONTRACT NO.:

Sub Project:

CONTRACTOR :

PLASTIC INDEX RECORD : PI

(To be prepared by each canal, structure, or borrow area)

Name of Canal:

Name of Borrow Area:

Side of Embankment:
No.

DATE

or

Station

Elevation (m)

0.3

22.8

19.5

25.6

21.3

17.8

20.3

17.9

23.4

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

22.0

PI > 15

20.0

(%)

10.12 10.42

Layer

18.0

To

PI
16.0

From

Judge't
14.0

To

t=
(m)

PI

12.0

From

Period of the embankment work:

10.0

D/M/Y

6
10
12
14
16
18
20

DATE

8
Sample NO.

PREPARED AND TESTED BY CONTRACTOR

SIGN
NAME

APPROVED BY CONSULTANT
DATE

SIGN

ACCEPTED BY PRO
DATE

NAME

E-22

E-22

w area)

ent work:

PI

28.0
26.0
24.0
22.0
20.0
18.0
16.0
14.0
12.0
10.0

10

12

14

16

18

20

ACCEPTED BY PROJECT

SIGN

NAME

E-22

E-22

PIRIMP

CONTRACT NO.:

Sub Project:

CONTRACTOR :

FIELD DENSITY TEST RECORD (1) : w

(To be prepared by each canal, structure, or borrow area)
Name of Canal:

Name of Borrow Area:

Side of Embankment:

DATE

Station

No.

X2

X3

5-5-10-20 method

1.49

0.98

0.47

0.98

1.02

23.5

1.562 25.50

24.99

24.48

2.00

1.49

0.98

1.49

1.02

Ave.

Xbar
1.39

0.92

23.5

1.578 25.50

25.50

24.48

2.00

2.00

0.98

1.66

1.02

UCL

2.33

2.36

23.4

1.578 24.48

25.50

24.99

1.08

2.10

1.59

1.59

1.02

LCL

0.45

---

23.4

1.578 24.99

24.48

24.48

1.59

1.08

1.08

1.25

0.51 use for

23.4

1.578 24.99

24.99

24.48

1.59

1.59

1.08

1.42

0.51

23.4

1.578 25.50

24.99

25.50

2.10

1.59

2.10

1.93

0.51

Ave.

1.57

0.77

23.4

1.578 25.50

25.50

24.99

2.10

2.10

1.59

1.93

0.51

UCL

2.35

1.98

23.4

1.569 25.50

25.50

24.48

2.10

2.10

1.08

1.76

1.02

LCL

0.78

---

10

23.5

1.569 24.99

24.95

25.50

1.49

1.45

2.00

1.65

0.55 use for

11

to

11

23.5

1.569 25.50

24.95

24.48

2.00

1.45

0.98

1.48

1.02

12

23.5

1.569 24.99

24.48

25.50

1.49

0.98

2.00

1.49

1.02

13

23.5

1.569 25.50

24.48

24.99

2.00

0.98

1.49

1.49

1.02

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

6
8
10
12
14
16

18

18

20

20

NAME

16

SIGN

14

NAME

DATE

12

SIGN

20

10

E-23

NAME

DATE

10

Sample NO.

SIGN

ACCEPTED BY PROJECT

DATE

APPROVED BY CONSULTANT

to

Xbar

PREPARED AND TESTED BY CONTRACTOR

Column B
UCL
CL
LCL
Column AR
Column AR
Column AR

23.97

24.48

1.562 24.99

23.5

2.50

Xave

X1

2.00

X3

1.50

X2

1.00

X1

0.50

dmax

(g/cm3)

0.00

0.3

(%)

Xbar [Dw (%)]

Calculation of
Control Limit
UCL & LCL

2.50

wopt

(3) - (1)
w (%)

2.00

10.42

Layer

Field Test
(3)
wn (%)

(2)

1.50

10.12

To

(1)

1.00

From

t=
(m)

0.50

To

Laboratory

Period of the embankment work:

Elevation (m)

From

0.00

D/M/Y

or

PIRIMP

CONTRACT NO.:

Sub Project:

CONTRACTOR :

FIELD DENSITY TEST RECORD (2) : D-value

(To be prepared by each canal, structure, or borrow area)
Name of Canal:

Name of Borrow Area:

Side of Embankment:

DATE

Station

No.

97.18

96.59

1.34

Xbar

23.5

1.562 1.526

1.531

1.535

97.70

98.02

98.27

97.99

0.58

Ave. 96.51

2.75

23.5

1.578 1.502

1.484

1.564

95.18

94.04

99.11

96.11

5.07

UCL 99.33

7.09

23.4

1.578 1.536

1.502

1.481

97.34

95.18

93.85

95.46

3.49

LCL 93.69

---

23.4

1.578 1.520

1.548

1.496

96.32

98.10

94.80

96.41

3.30 use for

23.4

1.578 1.505

1.514

1.496

95.37

95.94

94.80

95.37

1.14

23.4

1.578 1.555

1.549

1.511

98.54

98.16

95.75

97.49

2.79

Ave. 96.56

2.03

23.4

1.578 1.534

1.523

1.527

97.21

96.51

96.77

96.83

0.70

UCL 98.64

5.23

23.4

1.569 1.511

1.526

1.511

96.30

97.26

96.30

96.62

0.96

LCL 94.48

---

10

23.5

1.569 1.517

1.511

1.526

96.69

96.30

97.26

96.75

0.96 use for

11

23.5

1.569 1.495

1.496

1.496

95.28

95.35

95.35

95.33

0.06

12

23.5

1.569 1.549

1.511

1.548

98.73

96.30

98.66

97.90

2.42

13

23.5

1.569 1.532

1.485

1.544

97.64

94.65

98.41

96.90

3.76

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

to

Xbar

10

Column B
UCL
CL
LCL
Column AR
Column AR
Column AR

6
8
10
12
14
16

18

18

20

20

NAME

16

SIGN

14

NAME

DATE

12

SIGN

10

E-24

NAME

DATE

20

SIGN

ACCEPTED BY PROJECT

DATE

APPROVED BY CONSULTANT

to

Sample NO.

PREPARED AND TESTED BY CONTRACTOR

11

8.00

95.84

96.73

1.518

1.497

1.562 1.511

7.00

5-5-10-20 method

23.5

6.00

5.00

X3

4.00

X2

3.00

X1

2.00

X3

1.00

Xave

X2

0.00

X1

99.00

dmax

(g/cm3)

R
100.00

0.3

(%)

Xbar [D (%)]

Calculation of
Control Limit
UCL & LCL

98.00

wopt

(3) / (2)
D-value (%)

97.00

10.42

Layer

Field Test
(3)
d (g/cm3)

(2)

96.00

10.12

To

(1)

95.00

From

t=
(m)

To

Laboratory

Period of the embankment work:

Elevation (m)

94.00

From

93.00

D/M/Y

or

PIRIMP

CONTRACT NO.:

Sub Project:

CONTRACTOR :

FIELD PERMEABILITY TEST RECORD : k

(To be prepared by each canal, structure, or borrow area)

Name of Canal:

Name of Borrow Area:

Side of Embankment:

Period of the embankment work:

Station
From

Elevation (m)
To

From

To

Layer

Judge't

k<3x10-5

(cm/sec)

0.3 2.56E-05
1.25E-05

2.51E-05

1.56E-05

9.56E-06

1.83E-05

2.04E-05

1.30E-05

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

k (cm/sec)

10.12 10.42

t=
(m)

FPT

1.00E-04

D/M/Y

1.00E-05

DATE

or

1.00E-06

No.

12
14
16
18
20

DATE

10

Sample NO.

PREPARED AND TESTED BY CONTRACTOR

SIGN
NAME

APPROVED BY CONSULTANT
DATE

SIGN
NAME

ACCEPTED BY PROJECT
DATE

SIGN
NAME

E-25

DO NOTS for Excavation Works

Do not excavate up to design line in one step.
(1st step : up to 20cm above design line, 2nd step : 20cm)
Do not mix up useful materials with other disposal materials.
Do not leave over-excavated portion without suitable fill.
Do not forget to check bearing capacity met with design strength.
Do not lay foundation concrete without wetting ground surface.
Do not lay foundation concrete under condition of water & slush.
Do not leave excavated surface for a long time without action.
20cm : tentative

E-26

h.

h.

DO NOTS for Embankment Works

Do not place 1st layer without suitable remedy for foundation.
Do not place new layer unless required D-value is achieved.
Do not place new layer without scarifying of old layer.
Do not place new layer without wetting of old layer in dry.
Do not place new layer without adjusting moisture content.
Do not place new layer in water & slush.
Do not leave unrolled loose layer at end of day in rainy season.
Do not leave compacted layer without remedy for rainfall.
Do not allow placing thickness to be more than 30 cm.
Do not allow nos. of passing of roller to be less than 10 .
Do not use expansive/organic materials for embankment.
30 , 10 : based on result of trial embankment

E-27

nt