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Drilling Engineering
Circulating System
Drilling Engineering
P
For incompressible fluids, the specific weight of the
liquid in field unit is given by
p 0.052 D p0
P + dP
If P0 = 0 then
p 0.052 D
The fluid density
p
0.052 D
Drilling Engineering
p
8500
13.4lbm / gal
0.052 D 0.052 12,200
Drilling Engineering
dp 0.052 dD
EOS of gas:
p0
P0
m pM
pM
V ZRT 80.3 Z T
dp
0.052 p M
dD
80.3 Z T
dp
M
p 1544 Z T
p p0 e
Prepared by: Tan Nguyen
m
RT
M
pV Z n R T Z
D0
P0 + dP
dD
M ( D D0 )
1544 Z T
Drilling Engineering
Drilling Engineering
p p0 e
M ( D D0 )
1544 Z T
1000 e
16*10000
1544*( 460140 )
1188 psia
Drilling Engineering
pi 1 pi p pi 0.052 i 1 Di 1 Di
p1 p0 0.052 1 D1 D0
p2 p1 0.052 2 D2 D1
p3 p2 0.052 3 D3 D2
pn pn 1 0.052 n Dn Dn 1
n
p n p 0 0.052 i ( Di Di 1 )
i 1
Drilling Engineering
Drilling Engineering
Drilling Engineering
Drilling Engineering
Buoyancy
We W Pb PT A
We o gVo l gHA
PT
Fb
H
We o gVo l gVo
We W Wbo
gV
We o gVo 1 l o
o gV
We Wo
l
1
o
W
Pb
Drilling Engineering
Buoyancy
10,000 ft of 19.5-lbm/ft drillpipe and 600 ft of 147 lbm/ft drill collars are suspended
off bottom in a 15-lbm/gal mud. Calculate the effective hook load that must be
supported by the derrick. Density of steel is 65.5 lbm/gal
Solution:
W = 19.5 * 10000 + 147 * 600 = 283200 lbm
We = W(1 - f/s) = 283200 * (1 - 15/65.5) = 218300 lbm
(density of steel = 65.5 lbm/gal = 490lbm/cu ft)
Drilling Engineering
Drilling Engineering
Drilling Engineering
p 2 p1 8.074 *10 4 v n2
vn
vn C d
p b
8.074 10 4
pb
8.074 10 4
C d correction factor
Drilling Engineering
vn Cd
vn
pb
8.074 10 4
q1 q2 q3
q
.... n
A1 A2 A3
An
pbit
8.311 *10-5 q 2
C d2 At2
q
A
i
i
q
At
Drilling Engineering
q vn
mv m
Fj
v
t
t
32.17 * 60
F j 0.01823 c d q p
Where Fj is the hydraulic impact force given in pounds.
Drilling Engineering
13
At 3
4 32
p bit
0.3889in 2
8.311 * 10 -5 q 2
C d2 At2
1169 psi
2
2
0.95 * 0.3889
Drilling Engineering
Rheological Model
Newtonian fluids:
K n
Bingham fluids:
y p
Herschel-Bulkley
(Yield power law fluids)
y K n
Drilling Engineering
Rheological Model
Newtonian Model
Non-Newtonian Model
Bingham-plastic model
p y ; y
0;
y y
p y ; y
Power Law model:
y K
Drilling Engineering
(Time-independent
the
apparent
viscosity
(Time-independent
shear
thickening fluids)
If the apparent viscosity increases
with increasing shear rate
Drilling Engineering
(Time-dependent
shear
or time-dependent thinning
(Time-dependent
shear
or time-dependent thickening
Drilling Engineering
Rotational Viscometer
Drilling Engineering
Rotational Viscometer
A rotational viscometer is used to determine type of the fluid and the rheological model of the
fluid. This can be done by varying the speed of the rotor (varying the shear rate) and reading the
dial reading (shear stress). To convert the speed to shear rate and dial reading to shear stress,
simply use these corellations:
= 1.703 x rpm, 1/s
= 1.06 x Dial Reading
Drilling Engineering
Rotational Viscometer
Drilling Engineering
Rotational Viscometer
Drilling Engineering
Rotational Viscometer
The data below are obtained from a rotational viscometer. Determine type of fluid and the
rheological model of this fluid.
Drilling Engineering
Rotational Viscometer