TORQUE, DRAG AND BUCKLING

IN HORIZONTAL WELL DRILL STRING DESIGN

TORQUE AND DRAG

In a directional well, the friction between the drillstring and the walls of the
well produces drag and torque. Drag is produced when the drillstring is
moving and torque is produced when the drillstring is rotating.
Knowledge of torque and drag will enable the selection of an optimum well
profile and optimum size and weight of the drillstring and its components.
In horizontal wells, it is usual to run the heavy-weight Drillpipe (HWDP) along
the curved section of the wellbore to counteract the forces caused by bending
and drag.

TORQUE EQUATIONS
Horizontal Section

Build up Section

OD x Wm x L
72
Dimana, OD = outside diameter of tool joint (in)

For WOB < (0.33 x Wm x R), then use:

Th =

Wm = bouyant weight of pipe (lb/ft)

L = length of hole or pipe section (ft)
Straight Section of Hole
OD x Wm x L x f x sin
24
Dimana f adalah friction factor dan adalah sudut
inklinasi sumur
T=

OD x Wm x R
72
For WOB > (0.33 x Wm x R), then use:
Th =

OD x Wm x R OD
+
(WOB 0.33 x Wm x R)
72
46
Dimana
Th =

R = Build up radius (ft)

DRAG EQUATIONS (WHILE TRIPPING)

Horizontal Section

Build up Section

Dh = 0.33 x Wm x L

First calculate Fo,

Dimana Dh = drag force in horizontal section (lb)

Fo = 0.33 Wm L, or Fo = Dh
For Fo < 0.85 Wm R, then use:

Straight Section of Hole

D = Wm x L x f x sin
Dimana f adalah friction factor dan adalah sudut
inklinasi sumur

Wm x R
3
For Fo > 0.85 Wm R, then use:
Db =

Db = 0.69 Fo 0.25 Wm R

Dimana
Fo adalah axial force dan Db adalah drag pada
build up section

DRAG EQUATIONS (WHILE DRILLING)

Horizontal Section

Build up Section

Dh = 0.33 x Wm x L

First calculate Fo,

Dimana Dh = drag force in horizontal section (lb)

Fo = Dh + WOB
For Fo < 0.25 Wm R, then use:
Db = 0.4 Wm R

Straight Section of Hole

For Fo > 0.25 Wm R, then use:

D = Wm x L x f x sin

Db = 0.25 Wm R + 0.69 Fo

Dimana f adalah friction factor dan adalah sudut

inklinasi sumur

Dimana

Fo adalah axial force dan Db adalah drag pada

build up section

BUCKLING
Buckling of drillpipe occurs when the applied compressive force exceeds the pipes critical
buckling load. The critical buckling force is the minimum compressive force which results in the
pipe buckling. The critical buckling force is given by:
65.5
Fc = 550

As
( 2 + 2 )
16
As = 0.7854 ( 2 2 )

0.5

I=

Where:
Fc = Critical buckling force, lb
I = Moment of inertia of pipe, in4
As = cross sectional area of pipe, in2

OD = outside diameter pipe body, in

ID = inside diameter pipe body, in
W = weight of pipe in air, lb/ft
MW = mud density, ppg
Dh = hole diameter, in
Dtj = diameter of tool Joint, in
= hole angle, degrees

TORQUE AND DRAG CALCULATION EXAMPLE

Suatu pemboran menggunakan HWDP dengan OD 5 pada bagian lengkungan dan
lateral. Panjang bagian lateral sekitar 1500 ft dan jari-jari kelengkungan lintasan
sumur 1042 ft. Diketahui berat HWDP di udara 50 lb/ft dan OD tool joint 6.5.
Berat lumpur yang digunakan 9.2 ppg dengan densitas baja 65.5 ppg.
a. Tentukan torsi total saat WOB sama dengan nol (rotating off bottom)

b. Tentukan torsi total pada saat WOB sebesar 30,000 lbs

c. Tentukan drag pada saat tripping
d. Tentukan drag pada saat drilling

CRITICAL BUCKLING FORCE CALCULATION

Tentukan beban buckling kritis pada drill pipe 5 (ID 4.276, 22.6 lb/ft) pada
lubang dengan diameter 12.25 dan inkinasi akhir sebesar 80. Densitas lumpur
12.5 ppg dan diameter tool joint pipa 6.25.