7/31/2015

-> any activity that requires muscular or mental effort

-> done by exerting force on an object w/c then undergoes displacement

W F d

-> requires energy

Fd cos
W F||d Fd||

WORK AND KINETIC ENERGY

-> SI unit joule (J) after James Prescott Joule

1J 1 N m
2

W (positive)

Work is done BY the one exerting

force the body

Work is done ON the body

W (negative)
Work is done BY the body
Work is done ON the one exerting
the body

Gravity is really the one

doing the work!

W 0

Zero work done

3

7/31/2015

Example 1: Work done by a constant force

Example 2: Work done by several forces.

Steve exerts a steady force of 210 N on the stalle

d car as he pushes it a distance of 18m. The car
also has a flat tire, so to make the car move
straight, Steve must push at an angle of 30.0o to
the direction of motion. (a) How much work does
Steve do? (b) In a helpful mood, Steve pushes a
second stalled car with a steady force of

A farmer hitches his tractor to a sled loaded with

firewood and pulls it a distance of 20m along level
ground. The total weight of the sled and load is
14700 N. The tractor exerts a 5000-N force at an
angle of 36.9o above the horizontal. There is a
3500-N frictional force opposing the motion. Find
the work done by each force acting on the sled and
the total work done by all the forces.

F (160 N)i (40 N) j

The displacement of the car is

d (14m)i (11m) j

How much work does Steve do in this case?

-> energy due to motion (speed)

Example 3: Work done by gravity.

A 75 kg painter climbs a ladder that is 2.75m long
leaning against a vertical wall. The ladder makes an
angle of 30.0o with the wall. (a) How much work does
gravity do on the painter? (b) does the answer in
part (a) depend on whether the painter climbs at
constant speed or accelerates up the ladder?

30.0o

1 2
mv
2

Work-Energy Theorem for Kinetic Energy

Wtot K K f Ki
7

7/31/2015

Example 4:

Example 5: Comparing kinetic energies

Suppose the 14700-N sled has an initial velocity of 2m/s. What is its speed after it
moved 20m? (Wtot=10kJ)

Two iceboats hold a race on a frictionless lake.

The two iceboats have masses m and 2m. Each
iceboat has an identical sail, so the wind exerts
the same constant force on each of them. The
two ice boats start from rest and cross the
finish line a distance s away. Which ice boat
crosses the finish line with greater kinetic
energy?

vi

vf

20m

10

Example 6: Finding force using work-energy theorem

Example 7: Finding the initial velocity using work energy theorem

A sled with mass 8.00kg moves in a straight line on a frictionless horizontal surface. At
one point in its path, its speed is 4.00m/s; after it has travelled 2.50m beyond this
point, its speed is 6.00m/s. Find the constant force acting on the sled.

You are a member of a rescue team and you must project a box of supplies up an incline
of constant slope angle of 30.0o so that it reaches a stranded skier who is at a vertical
distance of 2m above the bottom of the incline. What is the minimum speed that you
must give the box so that it will reach the skier if (a) the incline is frictionless? (b) the
incline has a coefficient of kinetic friction of 0.20?

4.00 m/s

6.00 m/s
F

vi
2m

2.50m

30.0o
11

12

7/31/2015

-> time rate of doing work

Example 8: Power climb

-> time rate of expending energy

W
P
t

P F v

A 50 kg marathon runner runs up the stairs to the

top
of
Chicagos
443-m
tall
Sears
Tower. To lift herself to the top in 15.0 minutes,
what
must
be
her
average
power
in
watts? In kilowatts? In horsepower?

average power
instantaneous power

-> SI unit watt (W)

1W 1

J
s

1hp 746W
hp = horsepower
13

Example 9: Force and power

Each of the two jet engines in a Boeing 767 airliner develops a thrust of 197,000 N
(44,300 lb). When the airplane is flying at 250 m/s, what horsepower does each engine
develop?

14

Prob 1. A factory worker pushes a 30.0 kg crate a distance of 4.5m along a level floor at constant
velocity by pushing horizontally on it. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the crate and the
floor is 0.25. (a) What magnitude of work must the worker apply? (b) How much work is done by this
force? (c) How much is the work done by friction? By gravity? By the normal force? (d) What is the
total work done on the crate?
Prob 2. Two blocks are connected by a very light string passing over a massless and frictionless pulley.
Travelling at constant speed, the 20-N block moves 75cm to the right and the 12-N block moves
75-cm downward. During this process, how much work is done (a) on the 12-N block by (i) gravity
(ii) the tension in the string? (b) On the 20-N block by (i) gravity, (ii) the tension in the string,
(iii) friction, and (iv) the normal force? (c) Find the total work done on each block.

15

16

7/31/2015

Prob 3. You throw a 20-N rock vertically into the air from ground level. You observe that when it is
15m above the ground, it is travelling 25m/s upward. Find the rocks speed just as it left the ground
and its maximum height.
Prob 4. A block of ice with mass 2kg slides 0.750m down an inclined plane that slopes downward at an
angle of 36.9o below the horizontal. If the block of ice starts from rest, what is its final speed?
Prob 5. How many joules of energy does a 100-watt light bulb use per hour? How fast would a 70-kg
person have to run to have that amount of kinetic energy?

Prob 6. An elevator has mass 600kg, not including the passengers. The elevator is designed to ascend,
at constant speed, a vertical distance of 20 m (5 floors) in 16s, and it is driven by a motor that can
provide up to40hp to the elevator. What is the maximum number of passengers that can ride the
elevator? Assume that an average passenger has mass 65kg.

17