Semoga soal di bawah Soal Tes TOEFL dan

Pembahasan Jawaban (Written Expression

Model Test 2) dapat menambah wawasan Anda
dalam menjawab soal-soal TOEFL terkhusus
bagian Written Expression. Soal di bawah ini
merupakan soal asli dari pihak penyelenggara
tes TOEFL. Soal yang telah diujikan tahun-tahun
sebelumnya.16. The world's water
balance is regulated by the constant
circulation of water in Liquid and vapor tom
among the oceans, theatmospheric, and the
land.
Pembahasan
Jawaban: atmospheric (adjective) ---->
atmosphere
Paralel Structure _--> the oceans (noun),
the atmosphere (noun), and the land (noun).
17. The major purpose of the United States
Department of Education are to
ensure equal educational opportunity for all and
to improve the quality of education.
Pembahasan Jawaban: purpose --> purposes
Subject Verb Agreement / Singular Subject
+ Singular Verb; Plural Subject + Plural Verb
18. Massive gains in computer speed, power,
and reliably have been largelydue to
advances in silicon technologies and
manufacturing processes.
Pembahasan Jawaban: reliably (adverb)
--> reliability
Paralel Structure --> speed (noun), power
(noun), and reliability (noun)
19. The sunflower, the official state flower
of Kansas, and is widespread in the prairies of
the western United States.
Pembahasan Jawaban: and is --> is
20. Lake Superior, part of the United StatesCanadian boundary, is alargest freshwater lake
in the world.
Pembahasan Jawaban: a --> the
21. The snapper, a large-headed fish with a long
dorsal fin, is named toits characteristic way
of suddenly, shutting its mouth.

Pembahasan Jawaban: named to --> name

after/for
Pasangan kata (Phrase)
22. The aim of the decorative arts is
to beautiful our surroundings.
Pembahasan Jawaban: to beautiful (adjective)
--> to beautify (verb)
23. Modern digital synthesizers, based on
microprocessors, are virtuallyunlimited in the
number and range of musical sounds it can
produce.
Pembahasan Jawaban: it ---> they
Pronoun Reference --> they refers
to Modern digital synthesizers
24. During the years he composed, Charles Ives
was isolation from the music world; none of
his major works was publicly performed.
Pembahasan Jawaban: isolation from -->
isolated form
25. Psychoanalysis is a form of therapy that
attempts to eliminate conflict by alter the
personality in a positive way.
Pembahasan Jawaban: by alter --> by altering
Preposition + Verb-ing
26. Globally, the 1990's stood out as
the warmest decade for what we have weather
records.
Pembahasan Jawaban: for what --> for which
Adejctive Clause
27. Silicon chips are reliable and cheap to
produce in large numbers and are used them in
computers, calculators, programmed household
appliances, and most electronic applications.
Pembahasan Jawaban: used them --> used
28. Because its pitch cannot easily be altered,
the oboe serves as the standard which by the
symphony orchestra is tuned.
Pembahasan Jawaban: which by --> by which
Adjective Clause

29. Bursae are fluid-filled sacs

that form cushions between tendons and
bonesand protect them while movement.
Pembahasan Jawaban: while --> during
While + Subject + Verb; During + Noun
30. In 1916, United States suffragist Alice
Paul founded the National Woman'sPatty, a
political party dedicate to establishing equal
rights for women.
Pembahasan Jawaban: dedicate --> dedicated
Subject Verb Agreement / Tense
31. The spice cinnamon and the drugs cascara
and quinine all come from bark,
the protective out layer of stems and roots of
woody plants.
Pembahasan Jawaban:
32. Tunas migrate long distances over all the
world's oceans and occupytropical, temperate,
and even some the cooler waters.
Pembahasan Jawaban: some the --> some of
the
33. Taste buds, small sensory organ located on
the tongue and
palate,recognize four primary tastes: sweet,
sour, salty and bitter.
Pembahasan Jawaban: organ --> organs
Organs ---> tastes buds
34. Astronauts receive extensive training to
prepare themselves both physically
and psychologically for complexity and rigor of a
space mission.
Pembahasan Jawaban: complexity --> the
complexity
Article
35. By 1900 several prominent technical
institutions, including theMassachusetts Institute
of Technology, fashioned its own educational
offeringsto meet the industrial needs
of the United States.
Pembahasan Jawaban: its ---> their
Pronounce Reference --> their refers "several
prominent technical to institutions"

36. Some of the earliest

mechanical devices were
designed to raise water from streams for
the irrigate of crops.
Pembahasan Jawaban: irrigate --> irrigation
The + noun + of
37. The Louisiana Purchase of
1803 increased the territory of the United
States by approximate 846,000 square miles,
practically doubling the area of the United
States.
Pembahasan Jawaban: approximate -->
approximately
38. A most useful tool for analyzing the
elemental composition of fossils is the electron
probe, a modify electron microscope.
Pembahasan Jawaban: modify --> modified
Noun Phrase (Adjective + Noun)
39. Few substance on Earth equal the beauty of
gemstones such as twinkling diamonds, green
emeralds, red rubies, blue sapphires,
andmulticolored opals.
Pembahasan Jawaban: substance --->
substances
Few + Plural Noun
40. For the purposes of the fine and decorative
arts, metals have been usedeither in their simple
state and in uncomplicated alloys.
Pembahasan Jawaban: and --> or
Either + or
16Bacterial cultures are
used commercially in the preparation of
food products such that yogurt, sour
cream, and vinegar.
Pembahasan Jawaban: such that -->
such as
Pasangan phrase
17.Anyone with absolute ,or
perfect,pitch are able to identify by
ear any note at some standard pitch or
to sing a specified note at will.

Pembahasan Jawaban: are --> is

anyone (singular) + is (singular)
18. Sea horses usually live along the
shore among seaweed and other plants to
which they cling to by their tails.
Pembahasan Jawaban: cling to -->
cling (double to)
Adjective clause.
dua bentuk: (1) to which they cling by
their tails (2) which they cling to by their
tails. Bentuk pertama umum digunakan
untuk situasi formal.
19. Babies have soft spots between the
bones of their skulls, which allowing for
further growth.
Pembahasan Jawaban: allowing
(adjective / present participle) -->
allow (verb)
Adjective clause: Connector/Subject +
Verb which (connector/subject)
20. T.S.Elot, who a poet,
playwright, literary critic, and editor, was a
leader of the Modernist movement in
poetry.
Pembahasan Jawaban: who
--> dihilangkan saja
Appositive: noun (phrase) yang
menjelaskan noun lainnya (yang
umumnya posisi subject dalam soal
TOEFL)
21. The Pacific Ocean comprises almost
the entire boundary western of North and
South America.
Pembahasan Jawaban: boundary
western --> western boundary
Noun phrase: Adjective +noun
22Established in 1948, the State
University of New York is
thesingly largest university system in the
United States.
Pembahasan Jawaban: singly largest -> single largest
Pasangan phrase

23. Photography disseminates

information about humanity and nature,
records the visible world,
and extension human knowledge
into areas the eye cannot penetrate.
Pembahasan Jawaban: extension -->
extends
Parallel
Structure: disseminates (verb), records (v
erb), extends (verb)
24. Because of
their rapidly changing economically fortun
es, many frontier towns of the American
West underwent spectacular fluctuations
in population in the nineteenth century.
Pembahasan Jawaban: economically
(adverb) --> economical (adjective)
| rapidly (adverb) changing
(adjective) economically (adverb) fortunes
(noun)
Noun Phrase: adverb + adjective + noun
25. Virtually no disease exists today for
which there is no drug that can be
given, neither to cure the disease or to
alleviate its symptoms.
Pembahasan Jawaban: neither -->
either
Paired Conjunction: either .. or ... ,
neither ... nor, both ... and
26.Calcium is essential for blood clotting,
for the action of certain enzymes, and for
the normal contraction and relax of
muscles.
Pembahasan Jawaban: relax (verb) -->
relaxation (noun)
1. for the relaxation of muscles
(preposition + noun)
2. the noun + of + noun
27.The large collection of the Williams
College Museum of Art includes ancient
and medieval art ,but much exhibits
are modern or contemporary.
Pembahasan Jawaban: much --> many

Much + singular nouns (uncountable);

many + plural nouns (countable)

Parallel Structure: falling (gerund),

increasing, rising (gerund)

28.The technique of spectroscopy

allows analyst of incoming light after
it has been separated into its component
wavelengths by passage through a prism.
Pembahasan Jawaban: analyst (person)
--> analysis (thing)
Noun: sesuaikan posisi kata.

33. Obsidian is formed when siliceous

lava cools too rapidly to crystallized into
rock-forming minerals.
Pembahasan
Jawaban: crystallized crystallize atau
becrystallized
Makna yang diminta kalimat adalah
makna pasif. Jika Noun + to + infinitive
maka to infinitive bermakna pasif. Contoh
lain: this is the best book to read (inilah
buku yang paling bagus untuk dibaca)

29. Today, fifty years after its

construction, the Alaska
Highway conveys 40,000 vehicles in
normal year.
Pembahasan Jawaban: in normal --> in
a normal
Noun: year merupakan countable noun.
Jadi mesti ada artikel untuk mengetahui
secara pasti berapa tahun (year) yang
dimaksud. Artikel yang bisa digunakan
dapat berupa: a, an, the. Disesuaikan
makna kalimat.
30. Since prehistoric times, artists have
been arranged colors on surfaces in
ways that express their ideas about
people, the world, and religion.
Pembahasan Jawaban: have been
arranged (telah diatur) -> have arranged
(telah mengatur)
Passive Voice:
31. Few substances look less alike
than coal and diamonds, yet bothare
fashioned from same elemental carbon.
Pembahasan Jawaban: from
same from the same
Same umumnya bersama dengan the
- the same
32. Meteorologists can program their
computes to scan for a specific set of
weather criteria, such as falling barometric
pressure, increase cloud cover, and
rising humidity.
Pembahasan Jawaban: increase (to
infinitive) increasing (gerund)

34. European settlers in North America

moved from the Atlantic coast
across 3,000 miles forests, grasslands,
deserts, and mountains until they reached
the Pacific Ocean.
Pembahasan Jawaban: 3,000 miles
forests 3,000 mile forests
Ingat noun yang berfungsi / berposisi
adjective tidak menggunakan tambahn -S
35. Philosophy tries to discover the nature
of true and knowledge and to find what
is of basic value and importance in life.
Pembahasan Jawaban: true (adjective)
truth (noun)
Preposition + noun (of + truth)
36. In this world of high technology, it
is easy to forget that the most
important tools ever developed
for learning is still the book.
Pembahasan Jawaban: tools
(plural) tool (singular) disesuaikan
dengan kata kerja is (singular)
Subject Verb Agreement: singular subject
+ singular verb; plural subject + plural
verb
37. The element potassium makes
up less than one half percentage of the
human body.

Pembahasan Jawaban: percentage -->

percent
38. Twenty thousand years ago a sheet
of ice a thousand meters thick covered the
coastal region which the cities of
Vancouver and Juneau now are located.
Which in which
Pembahasan Jawaban: adjective
clause: located in
Ada dua bentuk: (1) in which the cities of
Vancouver and Juneau now are located
(Formal); (2) which the cities of
Vancouver and Juneau now are located in
(Informal)
39. The Crow, Blackfoot, and Sioux
tribes traditionally adorned they dwellings
and costumes with colorful and highly
valued beaded decorations.
Pembahasan Jawaban: they their
Penggunaan Pronoun: they + verb; their
+ noun
40. In the late 1800s, United States
painter Thomas Eakins develop a broad,
powerful Realist style
that became almost expressionistic in his
later years.
Pembahasan Jawaban: develop
(present tense) developed (past tense)
Tense: in the late 1800s menandakan
waktu yang lampau (past)
16. Light can travels from the Sun to the
Earth in eight minutes and twentyseconds.
Pembahasan Jawaban: travels --> travel
Modal + Verb 1 murni tanpa embel-embel:
Modal (can) + verb 1 (travel)
17. Every human typically have twenty-three
pairs of chromosomes in mostcells.
Pembahasan Jawaban: have --> has
Subject Verb Agreement: every termasuk dalam
kategori singular. Jadi butuh verb yang singular
(has).
18. Most sedimentary rocks start forming when
grains of clay, silt, or sandysettle in river

valleys or on the bottoms of lakes and oceans.

Pembahasan Jawaban: sandy (adjective) -->
sand (noun)
Parallel Structure: noun, noun, noun --> clay
(noun ), salt (noun), sand (noun)
19. The total thickness of the ventricular walls of
the heart are about three times that of the atria.
Pembahasan Jawaban: are --> is
Subject Verb Agreement: Singular Subject
(thickness) + Singular Verb (is)
20. The type of jazz known as "swing"
was introduced by Duke Ellington whenhe wrote
and records "It Don't Mean a Thing If It Ain't Got
That Swing."
Pembahasan Jawaban: records (verb 1 + s) -->
recorded (Verb 2)
Parallel Structure (tense): wrote (verb 2) +
recorded (verb 2)
- Verb 2 = past tense (lampau)
- Verb 1 = prsent tense (sekarang)
21. The bones of mammals,
not alike those of other vertebrates, show a high
degree of differentiation.
Pembahasan Jawaban: not like --> unlike
alike digunakan pada akhir kalimat / klausa
22. The neocortex has evolved more
recently then other layers of the brain.
Pembahasan Jawaban: then --> than
Comparative Degree: more + than bukan more +
then
23. The United States receives a
large amount of revenue from taxation of
atobacco products.
Pembahasan Jawaban: of a --> of
perhatikan kata products, terdapat s yang
menandakan plural (lebih dari 1 produk).
24. Much fats are composed of one molecule of
glycerin combined with three molecules
of fatty acids.
Pembahasan Jawaban: Much --> many
Much + uncountable noun (tanpa tambahan -s)
many + countable noun (plural)
25. The capital of the Confederacy
was originally in Mobile, but they weremoved to
Richmond.
Pembahasan Jawaban: they --> it was
Pronoun reference: they (plural) seharusnya it
(singular) kembali ke subject kalimat yang
singular (the capital)

26. A pearl develops when a tiny grain of sand or

stone or some another irritant
accidentally enters into the shell of a pearl
oyster.
Pembahasan Jawaban: another --> other
some + other
27. The English horn is an alto oboe with
a pitch one-fifth lower than thesoprano oboe.
the --> that of
Comparison degree: yang dibandingkan ialah "a
pitch one-fifth" bukan alto & oboe.
28. In the Milky Way galaxy,
the most recent observed
supernova appeared in1604.
Pembahasan Jawaban: recent --> recently
Adverb + adjective + noun: recently (adverb) +
observed (adjective) + supernova (noun)
29. Never in the history of humanity has there
been more people living on thisrelatively small
planet.
Pembahasan Jawaban: has (singular) --> have
(plural)
Kalimat di ats merupakan kalimat inversion
(pembalikan: V + S); ditandai adanya negartive
expression (never) di awal kalimat. Subejct
kalimat ialah people (plural).
30. Because of the mobility of Americans today,
it is difficult for they to put down real roots.
Pembahasan Jawaban: they --> them
they digunakan sebagai subject sementara them
sebagai object. dalam kalimat di atas them
digunakn sebagai objetc dari preposition (for).
31. For five years after the Civil War, Robert E.
Lee served to president of Washington
College, which was later called Washington and
Lee.
Pembahasan Jawaban: to --> as
Pasangan phrase: served + as
32. The number of wild horses on
Assateague is increasing lately, resulting in
overgrazed marsh and dune grasses.
Pembahasan Jawaban: is --> have been
Subject Verb Agreement: The number (plural) +
have been (plural)
33. Hypnoses was successfully used during Wor
ld War II to treat battle fatigue.
Pembahasan Jawaban: hypnoses (plural) -->
hypnosis (singular)

Subject Verb Agreement: Verb kalimat di atas

berbentuk singular (was) jadi kita butuh subject
yang singular (hypnosis)
34. The lobster, like many crustaceans, can cast
off a damaging appendage and regenerate a
new appendage to nearly normal size.
Pembahasan Jawaban: damaging (yang
merusak) --> damaged (yang rusak)
35. Humans develop
normally twenty primary, or deciduous, teeth and
thirty-two permanent ones.
Pembahasan Jawaban: develop normally -->
normally develop
Verb + object: tidak boleh ada perantara antara
verb dan object
36. The curricula of American public
schools are set in individual states; theydo not
determine by the federal government.
Pembahasan Jawaban: do no determine (tidak
memutuskan) --> are not determined (tidak
diputuskan)
they kembali mengarah ke curricula (kurikulum)
37. The fact that the sophisticated
technology has become part of revolution in
travel delivery systems has not made travel
schedules less hectic.
Pembahasan Jawaban: revolution --> a
revolution
uncountable noun tidak boleh berdiri sendiri
tanpa adanya penjelas (termasuk article a, an,
the) apakah noun itu tunggal atau jamak.
38. Balanchine's plotless ballets, such Jewels
and The Four
Temperaments,present dance purely as a
celebration of the movement of the human body.
Pembahasan Jawaban: such --> such as
(contohnya)
39. In a solar battery, a
photosensitive semiconducting substance such
assilicon crystal is the source of electrician.
Pembahasan Jawaban: electrician -->
electricity
Dair konteks kalimat yang di maksud adalah
listriknya bukan orangnya (electrician).
40. In early days, hydrochloric acid
was done by heating a mixture of sodium

chloride with iron sulfate.

Pembahasan Jawaban: done (dikerjakan) -->
made (dibuat / dihasilkan)
16. Mosquitoes will accepts the malaria parasite
at only one stage of the parasite's complex life
cycle.
Pembahasan Jawaban: accepts --> accept
Modal + Verb 1 murni tanpa embel-embel
17. The counterpart of a negative electrons is
the positive proton.
Pembahasan Jawaban: electrons --> electron
Terdapat preposition (a) yang mendandakan
electron tunggal
18. Alexander Hamilton's advocacy of
a strong national government brought heinto
bitter conflict Thomas Jefferson.
Pembahasan Jawaban: he --> him
Verb + object: object dari he ialah him
19.There are more than eighty-four
million specimens in the National Museum of
Natural History's collection of biological,
geological, archaeological,
and anthropology treasures.
Pembahasan Jawaban: anthropology (noun) -> anthropological (adjective)
Parallel Structure: biological (adjective),
geological (adjective), archaeological (adjective),
and anthropological (adjective)
20. After George Washington
married widow Martha Custis, the
couple comesto reside at Mount Vernon.
Pembahasan Jawaban: comes --> came
Bentuk kalimat di atas adalah lampau (past).
Dapat diketahui dari phrase "After George
Washington married widow Martha Custis"
21. At this stage
in their development, rubberized asphalt
can hardly be classified as cutting edge.
Pembahasan Jawaban: their --> its
Pronoun Reference: its kembali ke kata asphalt
22. Rhesus monkeys exhibit patterns
of shyness similar to that in humans.
Pembahasan Jawaban: that (singular) --> those
(plural)
Comparative Degree: Yang dibandingkan ialah
patterns (plural).

23. In space, with no gravity for muscles to

work against, the body becomesweakly.
Pembahasan Jawaban: weakly --> weak
Become + adjective. Contoh lain dari kata kerja
befungsi sama dengan become ialah seem,
look, dan lain-lain.
24. Fort Jefferson, in the Dry Tortugas off the
southern tip to Florida, can bereach only by boat
or plane.
Pembahasan Jawaban: reach --> reached
Modal + be + Verb III
25. Quarter horses were developed in the
eighteenth-century Virginia to race oncourses
short of about a quarter of a mile in length.
Pembahasan Jawaban: courses short --> short
courses
Noun Phrase: Adjetive + Noun jangan dibalik
26. Supersonic flight is
flight that is faster the speed of sound.
Pembahasan Jawaban: faster --> faster than
Comparative Degree
27. Since the dawn of agriculture 9,000
years ago, only a few animal specieshad
been domesticated.
Pembahasan Jawaban: had been --> have
been
Tense: Waktu yang dimaksud ialah sampai
sekarang.
28. The Betataken House Ruins at Navajo
National Monument is among thelargest and
most elaborate cliff dwellings in the country.
Pembahasan Jawaban: is (singular) --> are
(plural)
Subject dari kalimat ialah The Betataken House
Ruins berbentuk plural, jadi butuh verb yang
berbentuk plural pula.
29. The island of Kauai has much streams,
some of which have worn deep canyons into
the rock.
Pembahasan Jawaban: much --> many
Much + uncountable noun (tidak ada tambahan
-s)
Many + countable noun (terdapat tambahan -s
sebagai bentul plural)

30. It is a common observation that liquids will

soak through some materialsbut
not through other.
Pembahasan Jawaban: other --> others
other kembali ke other materials (plural)
31. Surrounded by forested mountain slopes
are the town of Telluride, a formergold-mining
town 7,500 feet about sea level.
Pembahasan Jawaban: slopes are --> slopes is
Inversion: Subject dari kalimat ialah the town of
Telluride yang berbentuk singular jadi butuh verb
yang singular pula
32. The newsreels of Hearst Metronome News,
which formed part of everymoviegoer's
experience in the era before television,
offer an unique record of theevents of the
1930s.
Pembahasan Jawaban: an unique --> a unique
It should be very easy :)

37. Alois Alzheimer made the first observers of

the telltale signs of the disease that
today bears his name.
Pembahasan Jawaban: observers -->
observation
Pemilihan kata: yang dimaksud adalah
observasi bukan obserever
38. Edward MacDowell remembers as
the composer of such perennial favoritesas "To a
Wild Rose" and "To a Water Lily."
Pembahasan Jawaban: remembers --> is
remembered
Edward MacDowell is remembered (dikenang /
dikenal)
39. Animism is the belief that objects and
natural phenomena such as rivers, rocks, and
wind are live and have feelings.
Pembahasan Jawaban: are live --> are alive
are + adjective (alive) bukan verb (live)

33. Probably the best known of all dinosaurs,

the Tyrannosaurus was largerand last of the
meat-eating carnosaurs.
Pembahasan Jawaban: larger --> the largest
Superlative Degree: Perbandingan lebih dari 2
hal.

40. Newtonian
physics accounts from the observation of
the orbits of the planets and the moons.
Pembahasan Jawaban: from --> for
Pasangan Phrase: accounts + for

34. Unlikely gas sport balloons, hot air balloons

do not have nets.
Pembahasan Jawaban: unlikely --> unlike
Unlike berfungsi sebagai adverb

16. The dwarf lemon tree, grown in many areas

of the world, bears fruit when it is fewer than six
inches in high.
Pembahasan Jawaban: high --> height
The Pattern: Preposition + Noun

35. Born in Massachusetts in 1852, Albert

Farbanks has begun making banjos in Boston in
the late 1870s.
Pembahasan Jawaban: has begun (present)
--> began (past)
Tense: in the late 1870s menandakan kalimat di
atas berbentu lampau (past)

17. The brain is composed of a mass

of softly gray matter in the skull thatcontrols our
intelligence.
Pembahasan Jawaban: softly --> soft
The Pattern: Adverb + Adjective + Noun

36. Methane in wetlands comes from soil

bacteria that consumes organic plantmatter.
Pembahasan Jawaban: consumes -->
consume
Bacteria ialah bentuk plural dari bacterium

18. Polluter is a topic of such importance today

that even elementary school children are well
informed about its dangers.
Pembahasan Jawaban: polluter --> pollution
19. Best represented in a famous oil painting by
da Vinci, The Last Supper it is an important
part of the history of Christianity.
Pembahasan Jawaban: it --> dihilangkan

The Pattern: Subject + Verb ----> Subject + it +

Verb (Double Subjects)
20. Together with his friend Little John, Robin
Hood are fondly rememberedtoday by millions of
people.
Pembahasan Jawaban: are --> is
The Pattern: Singular Subject + Singular Verb
21. In Vermont, the sap the maple tree
is the primary ingredient in producing maple
syrup.
Pembahasan Jawaban: the sap the maple tree
--> the sap of the maple tree
22. After to have won the 1945 Pulitzer Prize for
A Bell for Adano, John Herseywrote a nonfiction
book about the bombing of Japan.
Pembahasan Jawaban: to have --> having
The Pattern: After + Verb-ing
23. The smallest hummingbirds beat their wings
70 times a second and are about
two inched long.
Pembahasan Jawaban: two inched long --> two
inches long
24. Quality, price, and located are often
considered to be the primary concernsin
buying a house.
Pembahasan Jawaban: located --> location
The Pattern: Noun + Noun + Noun (Parallel
Structure)
25. The name "America" comes of Amerigo
Vespucci, who was a 16th-centuryItalian
explorer.
Pembahasan Jawaban: comes of --> comes
from atau came from
The Pattern: come + from
26. Marie Curie won two Nobel Prizes
for their discoveries
of radioactivity andradioactive elements.
Pembahasan Jawaban: their --> her
27. The developing of the submarine was
hindered by the lack of a power
source that could propel an underwater vessel.
Pembahasan Jawaban: developing -->
development

28. Although humans have highly

developed brains, most animals have more
acute senses than them.
Pembahasan Jawaban: than them --> than
theirs
29. The movement of the stars was first noticed
by early travelers, who used the stars to
guide its way across the sea.
Pembahasan Jawaban: its --> their
30. Those who have seen what is believed to
be Noah's Ark say it is the largestthan a modern
battleship.
Pembahasan Jawaban: largest than --> larger
than
The pattern:
- larger + than (more / ... er + than)
- the largest + in / of / that (the most / the ...
est + in / of/ that)
31. It is implicit in the Constitution of the United
States that everyone has a right to their privacy.
Pembahasan Jawaban: their --> his
32. Although scientists have
been successful about finding treatments for
cancer, they haven't yet discovered a cure.
Pembahasan Jawaban: successful about
finding --> successful in finding
The pattern: successful + about
33. In the 18th century, standard college
curricula included a heavy emphasis
on classical, mathematics, and religion.
Pembahasan Jawaban: classical --> classic
The pattern: Noun + Noun + Noun (Parallel
Structure)
34. As the numbered of nonnative speakers
rises, the demand for teachers of English as a
second language increases.
Pembahasan Jawaban: numbered ---> number
The pattern: the number of
35. There is much bird migration above the
equator, where the Pole Star can be seen,
than below the equator, where it cannot be seen.
Pembahasan Jawaban: much --> a
36. Although most people believe that diamonds
are the costliest gems, emeralds

are actually the valuablest.

Pembahasan Jawaban: the valuablest --> the
most valuable
37. In the summer, An Arbor, along with
Ypsilanti, Saline, and Pontiac, areflooded with
runaways fleeing the boredom of their lives in
Cincinnati and itssuburbs.
Pembahasan Jawaban: are --> is
The pattern: singular subject + plural verb
38. A recent article in The New York Times
reported that the typical business graduate of
1990 is less likely to be willing to work long
hours for the sake ofadvancement
than their 1970 counterparts.
Pembahasan Jawaban: their --> its
39. The dietary habits of a given child often has
little to do with that child'seating habits as an
adult.
Pembahasan Jawaban: has --> have
The pattern: singular subject + plural verb
40. One of the claims made against science
is that data are often manipulatedto prove a
scientist's thesis, rather than studying it for
possible contradictions.
Pembahasan Jawaban: studying it --> to study
16. Lake trout, fish usually finding in
deep, cool lakes, are greenish gray and
are covered with pale spots.
Kunci Jawaban: finding --> found
Topik Materi: Kesalahan dalam Past Participle
dan Present Participle
Permasalahan: Kesalahan dalam soal TOEFL
ialah di mana letak past participle dan present
participle ditukar. Kadang yang dimunculkan di
soal ialah past participle sementara yang
dibutuhkan ialah present participle. Kadang pula
soal menggunakan present participle padahal
yang dibutuhkan ialah past participle.
Penjelasan: Past Participle dan Present
Participle dalam kalimat berfungsi sebagai
adjective yang menjelaskan noun sebelumnya.
Present Participle bermakna aktif sedangkan
Past Participle bermakna pasif.
Solusi:
Solusi dalam menjawab soal ini ialah dengan
memahami makna dari noun dan particple yang
menjelaskannya.

- fish usually finding in deep, cool lakes = ikanikan yang biasanya menemukandi danau-danau
dingin yang dalam {Present Participle bermakna
aktif)
- fish usually found in deep, cool lakes = ikanikan yang biasanya ditemukan di danau-danau
dingin yang dalam {Past Participle bermakna
pasif)
Bagaimana jika Anda sulit untuk memahami
terjemahannya?
Tips Solusi
Jika noun yang dijelaskan berupa orang,
biasanya digunakan present participle.
Jika noun yang dijelaskan bukanberupa orang
(benda atau hewan), biasanya digunakan
pastparticiple.
17. During the first 20 years of the space age,
the United States spent more than 90 billion
dollars onto its civilian and military space
programs.
Pembahasan Jawaban: onto --> on
Topik Materi: Kesalahan dalam Preposition
Permasalahan:
Spend + on
18. Vitamin A and C and most of the B
vitamins are retain in foods that havebeen
canned.
Pembahasan Jawaban: are retain --> are
retained
Topic: Be + V III (Passive Voice)
19. Ella Baker spent her adult life working for
social change by lecturing, writing, teacher,and
organizing adult literacy programs.
Pembahasan Jawaban: teacher --> teaching
Topic: Parallel Structure in Gerund
20. Gold can combined with silver in any
proportion, but alloys with 50 to 60 percent
silver are the strongest.
Pembahasan Jawaban: can combined --> can
be combined
Topic: Modal + be + V III / Modal + V I
21. The camera obscure, a lensless precursor of
the photographic camera,consists
of a darkened chamber, with light pass into
it through a single tiny hole.
Pembahasan Jawaban: pass --> passing atau

that passes
Topic: Reduction in adjective clause atau
present participle
22. Lumber production was the main industry in
Michigan until the early1900`s, which the
automobile industry was established in Detroit.
Pembahasan Jawaban: which --> when
Topic: adjective clause
23. Twenty minutes of vigorous exercise every
day is very effect in helping a person
to maintain physical fitness.
Pembahasan Jawaban: effect --> effective
Topic: Pemilihan kata (Word Choice)
very
24. It was not until after Emily Dickenson s
death in 1886 that, hidden away in her
bureau, overly one thousand unpublished
poems were discovered.
Pembahasan Jawaban: overly --> over
Topic: Pemilihan kata (Word Choice)
25. Rocks form within Earth are called intrusive
or plutonic rocks because themagma form
which they form often intrudes
into neighboring rock.
Pembahasan Jawaban: form --> formed
Topic: Reduction in adjective clause atau past
participle
26. Most fish swim by moving their tails
from side to side, with little relativelybody
undulation.
Pembahasan Jawaban: little relatively -->
relatively little
Topic: Posisi Adverb yang menjelaskan Adjective
Adverb + Adjective bukan adjective + adverb
27. In its life expectancy, although in
most other things, the Sun is a typicalstar.
Pembahasan Jawaban: although --> and
Topic: Pemilihan conjunction
Although +
28. Machines need energy to function, whether it
is animal or human muscle, wind
or waters currents, or heat-generated
energy, such as steam.
Pembahasan Jawaban: waters --> water
Topic: Uncountable Noun

29. The modern violin, the smallest and

versatile instrument in the violin family,
is tuned in fifths and produces
tones ranging over four and a half octaves.
Pembahasan Jawaban: versatile --> most
versatile
Topic: Superlative Degree
30 Norman Rockwell was a meticulous
artist who paintings portrayed family incidents
and well-defined characters with a wealth of
supporting details.
Pembahasan Jawaban: who --> whose
Topic: Adjective clause
31 By the late twelve century, stained glass had
emerged in Europe as anintegral part of Gothic
architecture.
Pembahasan Jawaban: twelve --> twelfth
Topic: Noun phrase --> Adjective + noun
twelve (noun) & twelfth (adjective)
32 The United States, a nation with
a highly diversified economy, is a majorexporter
of grain, fruit, chemical, aircraft, and cars.
Pembahasan Jawaban: chemical --> chemicals
Topic: 1. Countable noun; 2. Penggunaan
article; 3. Parallel Structure; 4. Noun
33 Canada began cultivation wheat intensively
in 1910, which led to a demand for tools,
machines, housing, and building supplies.
Pembahasan Jawaban: cultivation --> cultivating
Topic: Begun + Gerund
34 Magnesium has little structural strength and
must be alloyed with anothermetals such
as aluminum and zinc when it is to be
subjected to stress.
Pembahasan Jawaban: another --> other
Topic: Penggunaan another, other, others, the
other
35 Orchid seeds take up to eighteen months to
mature before they sprout, and the young
plants may need another two years to reach
at the flowering stage.
Pembahasan Jawaban: reach at --> reach
Topic: Intransitive Verb -tanpa ada preposition
memisahkan antar verb dan object

36 The oldest public edifice in Washington D.C,

the White House was originallyconstructed in the
1790`s, also has been rebuilt or extensively
remodeled three times since.
Pembahasan Jawaban: also --> and
Topic: connector
Dua clause butuh 1 connector. 'also' bukanlah
connector tapi adverb

Topik Materi: Past Perfect (Had + past

participle/VIII)
Permasalahan: seperti Have dan Has, Had
mesti ketemu dengan kata kerja ke 3 (VERB
IIII / Past Participle) seperti "established"
bukannnya dengan kata kerja pertama (V
I/Simple Form) seperti "establish".

37 Mitosis is the normal process by which a cell

divides, each new cell endingup with a same
number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
Pembahasan Jawaban: a --> the
Topic: a number vs the number
a number = a lot of
the number = total / quantity

17. The progressive Movement is an umbrella

tern refer to a number
of reform efforts that emerged in the
early 1900s.
Kunci Jawaban: refer --> referring atau that
refers
Topik Materi: Present Participle atau Adjective
Clause
Pelajari ke tiga jenis clause di link Subordinating
Conjunction
Permasalahan: "is" merupakan kata kerja dari
subject "the progressive movement". Sementara
jika menggunakan "refer" maka akan
menimbulkan error "double verb". Jadi, kita
butuh 1 conjunction (that).
Tips: 2 verb atau 2 clause butuh 1 connector
(conjunction). 3 verb atau 3 clause butuh
2 connector (conjunction).

38.There are a series of large-scale wind

patterns all over Earth are calledprevailing winds
that have a direct effect on weather and climate.
Pembahasan Jawaban: are called --> that are
called atau called
Topic: Adjective clause (reduction) atau past
participle
39.In June, 1846, near Sacramento, California, a
number of new settlers rebelled in the Bear Flag
Revolt and proclaiming California an
independent republic.
Pembahasan Jawaban: proclaiming -->
proclaimed
Topic: Parallel structure --> rebelled &
proclaimed
40.A mutation is result of a definite
biochemical change in a gene that causes the
offspring to vary in some characteristic from the
parents.
Pembahasan Jawaban: is result --> is the result
Topic: Article / noun
'result' merupakan countable noun yang
singular. Sebuah countable noun yang singular
tidak dibolehkan berdiri sendiri tanpa adanya
article atau determiner sebelumnya.
--> Penjelasan soal ini akan dibahas lebih jauh
lagi ke depannya. :)
16. By 1899 Ransom olds had establish in
Detroit, Michigan, the first factory in the United
States for the manufacture of automobiles.
Kunci Jawaban: establish --> established

18. The pelican is a water bird with

a large pouch attached to its bill, which it
uses as a scoop for catch small fish.
Kunci Jawaban: for to
Topik Materi: perbedaan penggunaan for dan
to.
Penjelasan: for dan to mempunyai arti yang
sama yaitu untuk. Secara umum, untuk
menyatakan sebuah tujuan, kata yang
digunakan ialah to. For boleh saja digunakan
tapi lebih terkhusus ke tujuan penggunaan
(fungsi) umum dari suatu benda. Dalam konteks
kalimat di atas, to dan for boleh saja
digunakan. Lihat perbedaannya berikut
Tips & Trik: Bentuk pola (pattern) structure to
dan for mempunyai perbedaan.
For + Verb-ing for catching small fish
For + Noun for a catch of small fish
To + Simple Form (infinitive) to catch small fish
I went to the library to study last night. ()
I went to the library for studying last night. (x)

19. The invention of reinforced concrete, plate

glass, and steel in the mid-1800s was
enabled architects to design and build extremely
tall constructions, or skyscrapers.
Kunci Jawaban: was enabled --> enabled
Topik Materi: Passive Voice
Penjelasan:
Tips & Trik: Lihat pola passive voice
Subject + Be + VIII + (Preposition + Noun)
20. Acoustics, the study of sounds, is one of
the oldest of the physically sciences.
Kunci Jawaban: physically --> physical
Topik Materi: Posisi Adjective dan Adverb
Penjelasan:
Tips & Trik:
21. Each of functions of the body, even thinking,
requires the expenditure of energy.
Kunci Jawaban: of functions --> of the
functions
Topik Materi: Definite & Indefinite Article
Penjelasan:
Tips & Trik: Jangan pernah biarkan Countable
Noun berdiri sendiri tanpa adaarticle atau
possessive adjective.
22. Gourds were introduced to what is now the
southwestern United States
byearliest peoples who migrated
north from Mesoamerica about 7000 years ago.
Kunci Jawaban: earliest --> the earliest
Topik Materi: Definite & Indefinite Article
Penjelasan:
Tips & Trik:

without lubrication, friction would increase power

consumption and damage the parts.
Kunci Jawaban: parts moving --> moving parts
Topik Materi: Posisi adjective
Penjelasan:
Tips & Trik:
25. Rarely has a technological
development had as great an impact on society
as the rapid grow of electronics.
Kunci Jawaban: grow --> growth
Topik Materi: pemilihan kata Verb VS Noun
Penjelasan:
Tips & Trik:
26. The North American Review, a magazine
was first published in 1815, was one of
the leading literary journals of the past woe
centuries.
Kunci Jawaban: magazine was --> magazine
atau magazine that was
Topik Materi: Appositive atau (Reduced)
Adjective Clause
Penjelasan:
Tips & Trik:
27. Fuel is any substance or material that
reacts chemically with another substance or
material to produce hot.
Kunci Jawaban: hot --> heat
Topik Materi: pemilihan kata Adjective VS Noun
Penjelasan:
Tips & Trik:

23. The economic heart of Canada,

Ontario accounts for more than 40 percentage of
the nations productive capacity.
Kunci Jawaban: percentage --> percent
Topik Materi: percent VS percentage
Penjelasan:
Tips & Trik:

28. Glint was a favored material of prehistoric

humans, which used it to make tools and
weapons, because it would chip into shapes with
sharp edges.
Kunci Jawaban: which --> who
Topik Materi: Adjective Clause
Pelajari ke tiga jenis clause di link Subordinating
Conjunction
Penjelasan:
Tips & Trik:

24. Virtually all parts moving of an

automobile need to be lubricated because,

29. Mutiny of a ships crew against the

captain signifies the breakdown of

the obedience and discipline required to deal

effectively to perils at eat.
Kunci Jawaban: to --> with [deal to --> deal
with]
Topik Materi: preposition atau phrasal verbs
Penjelasan:
Tips & Trik:
30. Of all the art-related reference and
research library in North America, that of the
Metropolitan Museum of a Art in New York City
is among the largest and most complete.
Kunci Jawaban: library --> libraries
Topik Materi: Plural or singular Noun
Penjelasan:
Tips & Trik:
31. Acclimatization is the process by which an
organism adjusts to living in an
environment to which it normally unsuited.
Kunci Jawaban: it normally --> it is normally
Topik Materi: Passive Voice
Penjelasan:
Tips & Trik:
32. Glaciers, mass of ice that flow outward from
ice caps, cover about one-tenth of
earths land area.
Kunci Jawaban: mass --> masses
Topik Materi: singular or plural noun atau
pronoun preference
Penjelasan:
Tips & Trik:
33. Some species of bacteria and fungi thrive on
such simply compounds as alcohol.
Kunci Jawaban: simply --> simple
Topik Materi: Penggunaan atau posisi dari
adjective dan adverb
Penjelasan:
Tips & Trik:
34. In 1923 Alice Paul began campaign to
promote the adoption of an amendment to the
United States Constitution mandating equal
rights for women.
Kunci Jawaban: an amendment --> the
amendment

Topik Materi: Article

Penjelasan:
Tips & Trik:
35. Perhaps more than any other United States
city, San Francisco is a collection
of neighborhood.
Kunci Jawaban: neighborhood
--> neighborhoods
Topik Materi:
Penjelasan:
Tips & Trik:
36. Almost every the hereditary material of an
individual organism resides in
the chromosomes.
Kunci Jawaban: every --> each of
Topik Materi: Every VS Each
Penjelasan:
Tips & Trik:
37. Only with early seventeenthcentury observers did the music of
the original inhabitants of the United States and
Canada entered recorded history.
Kunci Jawaban: entered --> enter
Topik Materi: Inversion of negative expressions
Penjelasan:
Tips & Trik:
38. Perhaps the most distinctive features of
sharks and undoubtedly one of the most
important reasons for their success is their welldeveloped sensory system.
Kunci Jawaban: features --> feature
Topik Materi: singular vs plural noun
Penjelasan:
Tips & Trik:
39. The major economic activities of Cheyenne,
Wyoming, include transportation, chemicals,
tourism, but governmental activities.
Kunci Jawaban: but --> and
Topik Materi: coordinate conjunction (parallel)
Penjelasan:
Tips & Trik:

40. The fiction writer, poetry, and critic Edgar

Allan Poe is among the most familiar of
American writers and one of the most enigmatic.
Kunci Jawaban: poetry --> poet

Topik Materi: pemilihan kata Noun thing dan

Noun People
Penjelasan:
Tips & Trik: