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Introduction-
Trade unions are voluntary organization of workers formed to promote and
protect their interest through collective action.
Karl Marx:-
Class conflict and communist manifesto-
According to Mark trade union is the natural income of capitalism.
They perform a necessary and useful task in protecting wages and improper
working condition. They should not limit themselves to these goals. Rather
they should use their power to emancipate the working class by putting an
end to the capitalist system.
Mark believed that the labour movement was pure and simple
trade union, with workers remaining subordinate to the owners of the
industry. He emphasized a role for intellectual, to imbue and inspire in
workers a class and political consciousness, outside the economic straggle,
and outside the sphere of relation between works and employers.
The so called intellectual have however failed in providing the kind of
leadership expected of them not only in economic, but also in the political
share. In India the trade union leadership was largely from among the
individual and elite group of the society.
ROBERT HOXIE:-
BUSINESS UNIONISM:-
Business unions are trade conscious rather then class conscious, they
stressor immediate goals and displays an instrumental orientation. Such
unions ask for more and more focusing an improvement wages, working and
working conditions and pay little attention if any to political & social action.
They seek to achieve their goals primarily through collective bargaining and
industrial (strike). Hoxie distinguishes between business unionism and
company for it’s (the unions) survival.
Friendly or uplift union’s unionism the goal of such unions is to elevate the
moral, intellectual and social life of the worker. Their means of action
include collective bargaining and political action.
Revolutionary Unionism –
These unions are class conscious rather then trade conscious. They follow
Marx’s dictum and reject private ownership of productive resources and
condemn the wages system. Industrial and political action combined with
violence is the dominant means whereby such unions achieve their
objective. Hoxie divided revolution unions into two subtypes-
(1) Focusing socialist (unionism) ideals.
(2) The often perpetrating quasi anarchy (unionism) through strikes
sabotage and violence.
Predatory unionism-
Such unions are leader based not member based. While attempting to secure
higher ways and other benefits for their member, they employer to squeeze
out competition for mutual benefit.
MAHATMA GANDHI: