BOOKS:

Main elements of a reference to a book:

Author/Editor/Compiler's surname initials.
Title of the book. # ed. (if not the 1st) Place
of publication: Publisher's name; Year of
publication.
Single author
Carlson BM. Human embryology and
developmental biology. 3rd ed. St. Louis:
Mosby; 2004.
2 - 6 authors
Murray PR, Rosenthal KS, Kobayashi GS,
Pfaller MA. Medical microbiology. 4th ed. St.
Louis: Mosby; 2002.
More than 6 authors**
Fauci AS, Braunwald E, Isselbacher KJ,
Wilson JD, Martin JB, Kasper DL, et al,
editors. Harrison's principles of internal
medicine. 14th ed. New York: McGraw Hill;
1998.
**Give the first six names in full and add "et
al". The authors are listed in the order in
which they appear on the title page.
Editor(s) or compiler(s) as author
Gilstrap LC 3rd, Cunningham FG,
VanDorsten JP, editors. Operative obstetrics.
2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2002.
Follow the same methods used with authors
but use the word "editor" or "editors" in full
after the name/s. The word editor or editors
must be in lower case. (Do NOT confuse with
"ed." which is used for "edition")
Organisation as an author
Royal Adelaide Hospital; University of
Adelaide, Department of Clinical Nursing.
Compendium of nursing research and practice
development, 1999-2000. Adelaide
(Australia): Adelaide University; 2001.
Dierent editions
First Edition: Hener LJ, Schust DJ. The
reproductive system at a glance. Oxford:
Blackwell Publishing; 2001.
Second plus Editions**: Hener LJ, Schust
DJ. The reproductive system at a glance. 2nd
ed. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing; 2006.
**The first edition of a book is never
mentioned. However from the 2nd edition
onwards always give the specific edition of the
book, eg 2nd ed.
Chapter in a book
Meltzer PS, Kallioniemi A, Trent JM.
Chromosome alterations in human solid
tumors. In: Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW, editors.
The genetic basis of human cancer. New York:
McGraw-Hill; 2002. p. 93-113.

Elements of the reference:

Author's (of the chapter) surname initials.
Title of chapter. In: Editor's surname initials,
editor. Title of the book. # ed. [if not 1st]
Place of publication: Publisher's name; Year of
publication. p. #. [page numbers of chapter]

Abbreviate page numbers to p. eg p.

12-26.

Abbreviate numbers where

appropriate eg. p. 122-8.
Sponsored by institution, corporation or
other organisation
Australian Pharmaceutical Advisory Council.
Integrated best practice model for medication
management in residential aged care facilities.
Canberra: Australian Government Publishing
Service; 1997.
Pamphlet
Pharmaceutical Society of Australia.
Medicines and driving [pamphlet].
Pharmaceutical Society of Australia; 1998.
DR-7.
(if available include additional information
eg place of production, printer)
Package insert (leaflet supplied with
medicine)
Lamaxil [package insert]. East Hanover (NJ):
Sandoz Pharmaceuticals Corp; 1993.
Dictionary and similar references
Dorland's illustrated medical dictionary. 29th
ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 2000.
Filamin; p. 675.
Note: Include the definition looked up - in
this case "Filamin"
Encyclopaedia
Hanrahan C. Valerian. In: Krapp K, Longe JL,
editors. The Gale encyclopedia of alternative
medicine. Michigan: Gale Group; 2001. vol 4
p. 1768-70.
Legal Material
Public law:
Veterans Hearing Loss Compensation Act of
2002, Pub. L. No. 107-9, 115 Stat. 11 (May
24, 2001).
Unenacted bill:
Healthy Children Learn Act, S. 1012, 107th
Cong., 1st Sess. (2001).
Code of Federal Regulations:
Cardiopulmonary Bypass Intracardiac Suction
Control, 21 C.F.R. Sect. 870.4430 (2002).
Hearing:
Arsenic in Drinking Water: An Update on the
Science, Benefits and Cost: Hearing Before
the Subcomm. on Environment, Technology
and Standards of the House Comm. on
Science, 107th Cong., 1st Sess. (Oct. 4,
2001).

JOURNAL ARTICLES:
(Please note: Journal titles are always
abbreviated.) Go to Journals referenced in the
NCBI databases or Medical Journal
Abbreviations (Internationally recognised
abbreviations for journal titles).
Recommended to always cite an article as a print
copy except (when pages clearly indicate e3-e5).
Main elements of a journal reference:
Author's surname Initials, Author's surname
Initials. Title of article. Title of Journal.
[abbreviated] Year of publication Month date;
Volume number (issue number): page
numbers.
Standard article
Halpern SD, Ubel PA, Caplan AL. Solidorgan transplantation in HIV-infected
patients.
N Engl J Med. 2002 Jul 25; 347(4):284-7.
More than 6 authors**
Rose ME, Huerbin MB, Melick J, Marion
DW, Palmer AM, Schiding JK, et al.
Regulation of interstitial excitatory amino acid
concentrations after cortical contusion injury.
Brain Res. 2002; 935(1-2):40-6.
**Give the first six names in full and add "et
al". The authors are listed in the order in
which they appear.
Organisation as author
Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group.
Hypertension, insulin, and proinsulin in
participants with impaired glucose tolerance.
Hypertension. 2002; 40(5):679-86.
No author
21st century heart solution may have a sting
in the tail. BMJ. 2002; 325(7357):184.
Supplement and/or parts
Volume with supplement
Geraud G, Spierings EL, Keywood C.
Tolerability and safety of frovatriptan with
short- and long-term use for treatment of
migraine and in comparison with
sumatriptan. Headache. 2002; 42 Suppl
2:S93-9.
Issue with supplement
Glauser TA. Integrating clinical trial data into
clinical practice. Neurology. 2002; 58(12
Suppl 7):S6-12.
Volume with part
Abend SM, Kulish N. The psychoanalytic
method from an epistemological viewpoint.
Int J Psychoanal. 2002; 83(Pt 2):491-5.
Issue with part

Ahrar K, Mado DC, Gupta S, Wallace MJ,

Price RE, Wright KC. Development of a large
animal model for lung tumors. J Vasc Interv
Radiol. 2002; 13(9 Pt 1):923-8.
Cochrane Review
Curioni C, Andr C. Rimonabant for
overweight or obesity. Cochrane Database of
Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 4. Art. No.:
CD006162. DOI:
10.1002/14651858.CD006162.pub2.
OTHER PUBLICATIONS:
Elements of a reference to a conference
paper:
Editor's/Authors surname Initials, editor. Title
of the Paper. Number and Name of
Conference; Date of conference; City where
conference took place:Place of publication.
Conferences
Christensen S, Oppacher F. An analysis of
Koza's computational eort statistic for
genetic programming. Paper presented at the
5th European Conference on Genetic
Programming; 2002 Apr 3-5;
Kinsdale:Ireland.
Thesis / Dissertation
Borkowski MM. Infant sleep and feeding: a
telephone survey of Hispanic Americans
[dissertation]. Mount Pleasant (MI): Central
Michigan University; 2002.
Newspaper
Tynan T. Medical improvements lower
homicide rate: study sees drop in assault rate.
The Washington Post. 2002 Aug 12;Sect. A:2
(col. 4).
Unpublished Material
Tian D, Araki H, Stahl E, Bergelson J,
Kreitman M. Signature of balancing selection
in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. In
press 2002.
CDRom / DVD
Anderson SC, Poulsen KB. Anderson's
electronic atlas of hematology [CD-ROM].
Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins;
2002.
Video Recording
Conochie LB. Phsical examination of the
musculoskeletal system. Program 6. Cervical
spine and neurological examination of the
upper extremities. [video recording].
Montreal: McGill University; 1987.

INTERNET:
Elements of a citation:
Author/Editor/Organisation's name
[Internet]. Title of the page. Place of
publication: Publisher's name; [updated year
month day; cited year month day]. Available
from: URL
Homepage/Web site
International Association for the Study of Pain
[Internet].PAIN retains ranking as most
influential. IASP;
[updated 2002 May 16; cited 2002 Jul 9].
Available from: http://www.iasp-pain.org/am