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awdawdawdadadfsdfadfgagINTRODUCTION:
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common type of infection that occurs in the urinary tract which includes the kidneys, the ureters, the bladder and the urethra. The symptoms of a UTI include pain or a burning sensation during urination (dysuria), a frequent need to urinate, and lower abdominal pain.
Normally, urine is sterile. It is usually free of bacteria, viruses, and fungi but does contain fluids, salts, and waste products. An infection occurs when tiny organisms, usually bacteria from the digestive tract, cling to the opening of the urethra and begin to multiply. The urethra is the tube that carries urine from the bladder to outside the body. Most infections arise from one type of bacteria, Escherichia coli (E. coli), which normally lives in the colon. Any abnormality of the urinary tract that obstructs the flow of urine (a kidney stone, for example) sets the stage for an infection. An enlarged prostate gland also can slow the flow of urine, thus raising the risk of infection. People with diabetes have a higher risk of a UTI because of changes in the immune system. Any other disorder that suppresses the immune system raises the risk of a urinary infection.
The infection is usually mild and usually resolves within four to five days. Antibiotics can be used to help speed up the recovery time. However, some patients find that they experience repeated UTIs, and that they require long-term treatment with antibiotics to prevent the infection returning.
Complications of a UTI are uncommon, but serious, and include kidney failure, where the kidneys lose almost all of their functioning capability and blood poisoning, also known as sepsis These complications usually only affect people with a pre-existing health problem, such as diabetes because of the changes in immune system, and weakened immune system (the body’s natural defence against infection).
UTIs are a very common type of infection particularly in women. It is estimated in the Philippines that one woman in three will have a UTI before the age of 24, and that half of all women will have at least one UTI during their lifetime. This is less common in men. It is estimated that every year in the Philippines, in otherwise healthy men, only one in every 2,000 will develop a UTI.
This case presentation is done to increase our awareness with regards to infections affecting the urinary system. This is to widen our knowledge and to have a strong background about urinary tract infection. This case presentation will definitely help us in future purposes; this will be our foundation when we encounter such in the field we’ve chosen.
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY:
Urinary system parts and their functions:
• 2 kidneys - a pair of purplish-brown organs located below the ribs toward the middle of the back. Their function is to:
o remove liquid waste from the blood in the form of urine
o keep a stable balance of salts and other substances in the blood
o produce erythropoietin, a hormone that aids the formation of red blood cells
The kidneys remove urea from the blood through tiny filtering units called nephrons.
Each nephron consists of a ball formed of small blood capillaries, called a glomerulus, and a small tube called a renal tubule.
Urea, together with water and other waste substances, forms the urine as it passes through the nephrons and down the renal tubules of the kidney.
• 2 ureters - narrow tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
Muscles in the ureter walls continually tighten and relax forcing urine downward, away from the kidneys. If urine backs up, or is allowed to stand still, a kidney infection can develop. About every 10 to 15 seconds small amounts of urine are emptied into the bladder from the ureters.
• bladder - a triangle-shaped, hollow organ located in the lower abdomen. It is held in place by ligaments that are attached to other organs and the pelvic bones. The bladder's walls relax a
awdawdawdadadfsdfadfgagINTRODUCTION:
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common type of infection that occurs in the urinary tract which includes the kidneys, the ureters, the bladder and the urethra. The symptoms of a UTI include pain or a burning sensation during urination (dysuria), a frequent need to urinate, and lower abdominal pain.
Normally, urine is sterile. It is usually free of bacteria, viruses, and fungi but does contain fluids, salts, and waste products. An infection occurs when tiny organisms, usually bacteria from the digestive tract, cling to the opening of the urethra and begin to multiply. The urethra is the tube that carries urine from the bladder to outside the body. Most infections arise from one type of bacteria, Escherichia coli (E. coli), which normally lives in the colon. Any abnormality of the urinary tract that obstructs the flow of urine (a kidney stone, for example) sets the stage for an infection. An enlarged prostate gland also can slow the flow of urine, thus raising the risk of infection. People with diabetes have a higher risk of a UTI because of changes in the immune system. Any other disorder that suppresses the immune system raises the risk of a urinary infection.
The infection is usually mild and usually resolves within four to five days. Antibiotics can be used to help speed up the recovery time. However, some patients find that they experience repeated UTIs, and that they require long-term treatment with antibiotics to prevent the infection returning.
Complications of a UTI are uncommon, but serious, and include kidney failure, where the kidneys lose almost all of their functioning capability and blood poisoning, also known as sepsis These complications usually only affect people with a pre-existing health problem, such as diabetes because of the changes in immune system, and weakened immune system (the body’s natural defence against infection).
UTIs are a very common type of infection particularly in women. It is estimated in the Philippines that one woman in three will have a UTI before the age of 24, and that half of all women will have at least one UTI during their lifetime. This is less common in men. It is estimated that every year in the Philippines, in otherwise healthy men, only one in every 2,000 will develop a UTI.
This case presentation is done to increase our awareness with regards to infections affecting the urinary system. This is to widen our knowledge and to have a strong background about urinary tract infection. This case presentation will definitely help us in future purposes; this will be our foundation when we encounter such in the field we’ve chosen.
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY:
Urinary system parts and their functions:
• 2 kidneys - a pair of purplish-brown organs located below the ribs toward the middle of the back. Their function is to:
o remove liquid waste from the blood in the form of urine
o keep a stable balance of salts and other substances in the blood
o produce erythropoietin, a hormone that aids the formation of red blood cells
The kidneys remove urea from the blood through tiny filtering units called nephrons.
Each nephron consists of a ball formed of small blood capillaries, called a glomerulus, and a small tube called a renal tubule.
Urea, together with water and other waste substances, forms the urine as it passes through the nephrons and down the renal tubules of the kidney.
• 2 ureters - narrow tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
Muscles in the ureter walls continually tighten and relax forcing urine downward, away from the kidneys. If urine backs up, or is allowed to stand still, a kidney infection can develop. About every 10 to 15 seconds small amounts of urine are emptied into the bladder from the ureters.
• bladder - a triangle-shaped, hollow organ located in the lower abdomen. It is held in place by ligaments that are attached to other organs and the pelvic bones. The bladder's walls relax a
awdawdawdadadfsdfadfgagINTRODUCTION:
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common type of infection that occurs in the urinary tract which includes the kidneys, the ureters, the bladder and the urethra. The symptoms of a UTI include pain or a burning sensation during urination (dysuria), a frequent need to urinate, and lower abdominal pain.
Normally, urine is sterile. It is usually free of bacteria, viruses, and fungi but does contain fluids, salts, and waste products. An infection occurs when tiny organisms, usually bacteria from the digestive tract, cling to the opening of the urethra and begin to multiply. The urethra is the tube that carries urine from the bladder to outside the body. Most infections arise from one type of bacteria, Escherichia coli (E. coli), which normally lives in the colon. Any abnormality of the urinary tract that obstructs the flow of urine (a kidney stone, for example) sets the stage for an infection. An enlarged prostate gland also can slow the flow of urine, thus raising the risk of infection. People with diabetes have a higher risk of a UTI because of changes in the immune system. Any other disorder that suppresses the immune system raises the risk of a urinary infection.
The infection is usually mild and usually resolves within four to five days. Antibiotics can be used to help speed up the recovery time. However, some patients find that they experience repeated UTIs, and that they require long-term treatment with antibiotics to prevent the infection returning.
Complications of a UTI are uncommon, but serious, and include kidney failure, where the kidneys lose almost all of their functioning capability and blood poisoning, also known as sepsis These complications usually only affect people with a pre-existing health problem, such as diabetes because of the changes in immune system, and weakened immune system (the body’s natural defence against infection).
UTIs are a very common type of infection particularly in women. It is estimated in the Philippines that one woman in three will have a UTI before the age of 24, and that half of all women will have at least one UTI during their lifetime. This is less common in men. It is estimated that every year in the Philippines, in otherwise healthy men, only one in every 2,000 will develop a UTI.
This case presentation is done to increase our awareness with regards to infections affecting the urinary system. This is to widen our knowledge and to have a strong background about urinary tract infection. This case presentation will definitely help us in future purposes; this will be our foundation when we encounter such in the field we’ve chosen.
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY:
Urinary system parts and their functions:
• 2 kidneys - a pair of purplish-brown organs located below the ribs toward the middle of the back. Their function is to:
o remove liquid waste from the blood in the form of urine
o keep a stable balance of salts and other substances in the blood
o produce erythropoietin, a hormone that aids the formation of red blood cells
The kidneys remove urea from the blood through tiny filtering units called nephrons.
Each nephron consists of a ball formed of small blood capillaries, called a glomerulus, and a small tube called a renal tubule.
Urea, together with water and other waste substances, forms the urine as it passes through the nephrons and down the renal tubules of the kidney.
• 2 ureters - narrow tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
Muscles in the ureter walls continually tighten and relax forcing urine downward, away from the kidneys. If urine backs up, or is allowed to stand still, a kidney infection can develop. About every 10 to 15 seconds small amounts of urine are emptied into the bladder from the ureters.
• bladder - a triangle-shaped, hollow organ located in the lower abdomen. It is held in place by ligaments that are attached to other organs and the pelvic bones. The bladder's walls relax a
is a (+) or (-) pressure breathing device that can
maintain ventilation and O2 delivery for a prolonged period. REASONS: To control respirations To oxygenate blood To rest resp. muscles INDICATIONS: in PaO2 in paCO2 PH acidosis Apnea CLASSIFICATIONS: *NEGATIVE-PRESSURE >Exert () pressure on external chest during exhalation allowing lungs to deflate >CRF assoc. w/ neuromuscular diseases (Poliomyelitis, muscular dystrophy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, myasthenia gravis) >Do not require intubation of the airway >adaptable for home use TYPES: Iron Lung (Drinker Respirator Tank) >Used during POLIO EDIPEMIC 1950s Body Wrap (Pneumo-Wrap) portable devices require a Chest Cuirass (Tortoise Shell) rigid cage or shell to create (-) pressure chamber around the chest and abdomen *POSITIVE-PRESSURE >Exert (+) pressure on the airway to inflate the lungs by pushing Air in, forcing the alveoli to expand during inspiration. >Endotracheal intubation or tracheostomy is usually necessary TYPES: Classified by method of ending the inspiratory phase Pressure Cycled *adults for short-term use Time Cycled *newborns and infants Volume Cycled *commonly used Non Invasive Positive Pressure *sleep apnea Via face masks, nasal masks and nasal pillow Pt who do not want Endotracheal Intubation and Tracheostomy Decreases the risk of nosocomial infection: Pneumonia VENTILATOR MODES Control *Rate + Volume are controlled by ventilator (Anesthetized or paralyzed pts) [x Spontaneous Breaths x Volume x Rate] Assist-Control * All breaths are assisted + Volume [x Volume x Rate] Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation *Assisted breaths + Spontaneous breathing (Use their own muscle for ventilation to help prevent muscle atrophy) Synchronized IMV * spontaneous breathing w/o assistance ventilator breaths Allows pts generate spontaneous vol. and rates between the set breaths
Dr. Sebi Lung Diseases Alkaline Diets & Herbs : Stop Lung Diseases or Inflammation, Coughs, Tuberculosis, Bronchitis, Asthma, Pneumonia & Clear Infected Mucus from the Alimentary Canal: Dr. Sebi, #1