Emotional/Behavioral

Disturbance

FEDERAL Definition
Includes students who are diagnosed as

schizophrenic, but excludes those who

are socially maladjusted "unless it is
determined that they are seriously
emotionally disturbed.

IDEA Definition
Includes depression, fears,

schizophrenia; adversely affects

educational performance
Exhibit significant behavioral EXCESSES or
DEFICITS
Patterns of behavior that depart
significantly from the expectations of
others

TYPICAL PATTERNS OF
DISORDERED BEHAVIOR?
(A) Uses 2 discrete patterns:
"externalizers" (aggressive,
disruptive, acting out)
"internalizers" (withdrawn,

anxious, depressed).

(B) Uses a 4-Dimensional construct:

(i) CONDUCT DISORDERS (aggression,
disobedience, irritability)
(ii) PERSONALITY DISORDERS
(withdrawal, anxiety, physical complaints)
(iii) IMMATURITY (passivity, poor coping,
preference for younger playmates)
(iv) SOCIALIZED DELINQUENCY
(involvement in gang subcultures)

Behavior
Students with disabilities

are entitled to same

disciplinary protections
afforded students who are
not disabled
If students behavior impedes

his learning or learning of

others, IEP team must use
Positive Behavioral
Interventions and supports to
address behavior
6

Disciplinary Removals
School can remove student for short

periods of time [up to 10 cumulative

school days] if removal does NOT
constitute change of placement
After 10 cumulative school days,

services must be provided so

student can continue
participating in gen ed

If student is not yet determined

eligible for sped and engages in

behavior that violates code of
conduct may assert protections
of a student with a disability
When theres agreement

between school and parents

regarding change in placement-
no need to bring discipline
provisions [parents may
disagree with placement and
request hearing]

Change of Placement
Determined case-by-case
Occurs if removal is >10 consecutive

days
Student has been subjected to a series
of removals that constitute a PATTERN
Pattern
length

of removal

total amount of time

proximity of removals

to one another

Parental Notification
Parents must be notified and

provided a procedural safeguards notice

A manifestation determination is
required

How is Manifestation Determined?

If it is determined that:
Conduct was caused by or had
a direct and substantial
relationship to students
disability;
Or
Conduct was direct result of
agencys failure to implement
IEP

When the behavior is a manifestation of

the students disability
Student must returned to placement from

which she was removed (certain exceptions

apply)
Has a Behavioral Intervention Plan
(BIP)--IEP team review plan, implementation,
modify to address behavior
No BIPIEP team must conduct a
Functional Behavioral Assessment
(FBA), develop and implement a BIP

Interim Alternative Educational Setting

(IAES)
Up to 45 days [may request expedited due

process]
Due to weapons or drugs offenses or serious
bodily injury
Weapons: Does not include pocket knife with

blade of <2 in.

DRUG: Does not include tobacco or alcohol;
over-the-counter drug; meds prescribed by Dr.
Does include marijuana, cocaine, heroin, LSD,
illegal street drugs, meds not used
according to Rx
Injury: substantial risk of death, extreme
physical pain, protracted and obvious
disfigurement, protracted loss or impairment
of function of a bodily member, organ, or

Multiple Short-Term Removals

10 consecutive days or less -- separate

incidents of misconduct PERMITTED to

extent that removals would be applied to
students WITHOUT disabilities as long as
those removals DO NOT constitute a
change of placement, as defined in
300.519.

Parents Rights

The District presumed to have knowledge whenParent had expressed concern in writing
Parent expressed concern orally if parent does not

know how to read

Behavior of student demonstrated need for
services
Teacher or other personnel expressed concern
about behavior of student
Parent requested an evaluation

Districts Rights
District presumed NOT to have knowledge

when:
District conducted a full evaluation and found

that student does not have a disability

Determined an evaluation was not necessary
and provided appropriate NOTICE to parents
Parent did not consent to an evaluation or
refused services

Disagreement with Manifestation

Determination or Disciplinary Removal
Parent may appeal through due process hearing

District must hold resolution meeting within 7

calendar days of receiving notice

Expedited hearing must be conducted within 20
school days of receiving request and decision
must be issued within 10 school days following
hearing
Student remains in setting to which he was
moved until hearing is completed or until original
removal period expires, whichever occurs first

Learning
Disability?

A disorder in one or more of the basic

psychological processes involved in
understanding or in using language, spoken
or written
that may manifest itself in an imperfect ability
to
listen, think, speak, read, write, spell, or to do
mathematical calculations
Including conditions such as perceptual
disabilities, brain injury, minimal brain
dysfunction, dyslexia and developmental
apahsia.
Does NOT include learning problems that are
primarily the results of visual, hearing, or
motor disabilities, of mental retardation, of
emotional disturbance, or of
ENVIRONMENTAL, CULTURAL, OR ECONOMIC

Substantial Discrepancy
At onset of 1st grade/6 yrs
old
2. A severe discrepancy
between actual and
potential achievement
3. Despite appropriate
learning experiences
- NOT a lack of motivation
4. No external factors:
environmental, cultural, or
economic disadvantage
1.

Substantial Discrepancy
At onset of 1st grade/6 yrs
old
2. A severe discrepancy
between actual and
potential achievement
3. Despite appropriate
learning experiences
- NOT a lack of motivation
4. No external factors:
environmental, cultural, or
economic disadvantage
1.

A Neurological Disorder
As smart or smarter than

peers
Cannot be cured/fixed
Dont learn in conventional
ways
Dont always know how to
figure things out (studying
strategies and learning skills)
Limited executive
functioning:
reasoning, recalling and/or
organizing

IDEA Definition
A developmental

disability significantly
affecting verbal and
nonverbal
communication and
social interaction,
generally evident
before age 3, that
adversely affects a
child's educational
performance.

Engagement in repetitive

activities and stereotyped

movements, resistance to
environmental change or
change in daily routines,
and unusual responses to
sensory experiences
DOES NOT apply if child's

educational performance is
adversely affected primarily
because of a serious
emotional disturbance

Pervasive Development Disorders (PDD)

"PDD" - NOT a

specific diagnosis,
but an umbrella
term
Based on presence

or absence of specific
behaviors

Intellectual Disability
(formerly MR)

. . . significantly SUBAVERAGE
general intellectual functioning,
existing concurrently with deficits
in ADAPATIVE behavior and
manifested during the
developmental period, that
adversely affects a child's
educational performance.

Difficulties in learning,

communication, social, academic,

vocational, and independent living
skills
NOT a disease. You can't catch MR
from anyone
NOT a mental illness, like
depression
No cure

General Intellectual Functioning

An IQ score of approximately 70 or below
Origins of the disability prior to age 18
A determination of deficits in adaptive behavior
Mild mental retardation, IQ 70 to 55/50
Moderate mental retardation, IQ 55/50 to 40/35
Severe mental retardation, IQ 40/35 to 25/20
Profound mental retardation, IQ <25/20

DIAGNOSIS
2 main criteria:
What is the ability of person's brain to learn,

think, solve problems, and make sense of the

world (IQ or intellectual functioning)
+
Does the person have the skills to live
independently (adaptive
behavior/functioning)?
How much SUPPORT/help person needs to get
along at home, in school, and in the community?

LEVER OF SUPPORT
Intermittent support (episodic need)
Limited support (needed for specific

periods of time)

Extensive support (needed regularly for

an extended period of time)

Pervasive support (life-long, intense need)

ORTHOPEDIC IMPAIRMENT
(Physical disability)

IDEA Definition
Includes impairments caused by congenital

anomaly (muscular dystrophy, multiple sclerosis,

clubfoot, absence of some member)
Impairments cause by disease (poliomyelitis,
bone tuberculosis, heart disease, pulmonary
disease)
Impairments from other causes (cerebral palsy,
amputations and fractures, burns that cause
contractures, respiratory disorders, and other
limiting conditions)

Spina Bifida
Spina Bifida means cleft or split spine --> incomplete closure in spinal

column
Happens in the womb
Genetic, nutritional, environmental; insufficient folic acid
Most common birth defect
Everyday, about 8 babies born have SB or similar defect of brain and

spine
3 types - mild to severe
Neural tube defects
improper embryonic neural tube closure
elevated maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP) protein in

mothers bloodstream

Associated Conditions
Affects brain stem and cerebellum
difficulties with feeding, swallowing, breathing

control choking, change in upper extremity function

(stiffness, swelling)

Problems with walking, getting around or going to

bathroom, latex allergy, obesity, skin breakdown,

sleep disorder, gastrointestinal disorders
Learning disabilities, social interaction,

depression, tendonitis, sexual issues

Sensory
Impairment

Definition
1. Hearing
impairment
2. Deafness

1. Hearing Impairment
An impairment in

hearing (permanent
or fluctuating)
Can respond to
auditory stimuli,
including speech

2. Deafness
An impairment so

severe that it
impairs linguistic
processing
Prevents individual

from receiving sound

in all or most of its
forms

Visual Impairment

An impairment in vision that,

even with correction, adversely

affects a childs educational
performance
Includes both partial sight and
blindness.
Adaptation: No need for
academic adjustments

Legally Blind

20/200 or less after best possible

correction
**When a vision problem can be
corrected NOT a disability

5 Common
Visual
Conditions
5 Common
Visual
Conditions

Tunnel Vision

Macular Degeneration

Cataract

Retinitis Pigmentosa

Glaucoma

OTHER HEALTH IMPAIRMENTS

IDEA DEFINITION
Having limited STRENGTH,

VITALITY OR ALERTNESS

Heightened alertness to

environmental stimuli -->

results in limited alertness
with respect to the
educational environment

Due to chronic or acute

health problems

Health Problems
ADD/ADHD
Diabetes
Asthma

Epilepsy

Leukemia

Lead poisoning
Nephritis

Rheumatic fever
A heart condition
Sickle cell
Hemophilia
Tourette Syndrome

anemia

ATTENTION DEFICIT
HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER

DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA
Severity: occur more freq than others at same age
Early onset: present < 7
Duration: Persisted at least 6 months (chronic)
Impact: Cause social, educational, occupational

impairment
Settings: Exist in 2 or more settings
6 (or more) of DSM IV symptoms (see handout)
Conners Rating Scale

6 or more criteria for Inattention

(a) fails to give close attention to details or makes
careless mistakes in school work, work, or other
activities
(b) has difficulty sustaining attention in tasks or play
activities
(c) does not seem to listen when spoken to directly
(d) does not follow through on instructions and fails to
finish schoolwork, chores, or duties in workplace (not
due to oppositional behavior or failure to understand
instructions)
(e) has difficulty organizing tasks and activities
(f) avoids, dislikes, or is reluctant to engage in tasks
that require sustained mental effort (schoolwork,
homework)

6 or more criteria for Hyper

(a) fidgets with hands or feet or squirms in seat

(b) leaves seat in which remaining seated is expected
(c) runs about or climbs excessively in situations in
which it is inappropriate (in adolescents or adults,
may be limited to subjective feelings or restlessness)
(d) has difficulty playing or engaging in activities
quietly
(e) Is "on the go" or acts as if "driven by a motor"
(f) talks excessively
(g) blurts out answers before questions have been
completed
(h) has difficulty awaiting turn
(i) interrupts or intrudes on others (butts into
conversations or games)

IDEA exclusionary criteria

Symptoms

cannot
occur exclusively
during the course of a
PDD, Schizophrenia,
Psychotic Disorder
(Mood Disorder,
Anxiety Disorder,
Dissociative Disorder,
Personality Disorder)

Traumatic Brain Injury

IDEA Definition
An ACQUIRED injury to the brain caused by

external physical force, resulting in total or

partial functional disability or psychosocial
impairment, or both, that adversely affects a
child's educational performance

The term does not apply to brain injuries that

are congenital or degenerative, or brain injuries

induced by birth trauma

Open (gun shot) and Closed Head (internal

bleeding) Injury

AFFECTED AREAS
Cognition
Language
Memory

Attention

Reasoning

Abstract thinking
Judgment
Problem-solving
Sensory

Perceptual

Motor abilities
Psychosocial behavior

Physical functions
Information processing
Speech

Speech or Language Impairment

IDEA Definition
Speech or language

impairment means a
communication disorder,
such as stuttering,
impaired articulation, a
language impairment, or a
voice impairment, that
adversely affects a childs
educational performance

Language vs. Speech

Language:
A rule-based
system of symbolic
comm.
A set of small units
(syllables/words)
that can be
combined to yield an
infinite number of
larger language
forms (phrases and
sentences).

Speech:

Method of verbal language

comm.
Oral production + articulation
Specific motor behaviors
Precise neuromuscular
coordination of respiration,
phonation, resonance, +
articulation systems.
Production of sounds of
speech + combinations of
sounds, + voice quality,
intonation, rate.

Language
Language impairments where theres

problems with expressing needs, ideas,

information, and/or in understanding what
others say
Receptive lang. disorder (whats being said or

written) == may hear or see a word but not be

able to understand its meaning
Expressive (whats to be said) == trouble

getting others to understand what they are

trying to communicate