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Question 1: What was the state of GERMANY prior to HITLER coming to power?
The Nazi party was based in Munich, a hotbed of radical politics. By the end of 1920, the party
had about three thousand members, including many alienated, maladjusted ex-soldiers with a
strong disdain for the Treaty of Versailles and the democratic German government that abided
by it. They looked toward the rising politician, Adolf Hitler, and the growing Nazi movement as
an alternative and brought in new recruits. The treatery caused the military to be eliminated and
basically ruined life for the German people. It also caused the German citizens to pay money or
taxes to other countries..
Gavin, Philip. World War II in Europe. San Diego, CA: Lucent, 2004. Print
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"Hitler Comes to Power." United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. United States Holocaust
Memorial Council, n.d. Web. 11 May 2016.
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Question 2: How did HITLER gain support of the people?
Nazis conducted a massive election campaign across Germany. Hitler traveled ands spoke
around the country. He shook hands with voters, signed autographs, and kissed babies. In his
speeches, Hitler promised work for all of the unemployed, prosperity for businesses, peace, and
most of all, return to the past glory of Germany. To celebrate their victory at the polls, Nazi
storm troopers, dressed in civilian clothing, smashed the windows of Jewish shops and
restaurants. Over the following years German business leaders donated huge amounts of
money to the Nazis, whom expeted would soo take over leadership of the nation. And so, on
February 1, 1933, as Hitlers voice boomed over the radio, the German people felt grateful for
his leadership. This time, the front lines are at home, Hitler told them. Unity is our tool. We are
not fighting for ourselves but for Germany.
Ingram, Scott. Adolf Hitler. San Diego, CA: Blackbirch, 2002. Print.
(Ingram, 56)
Hitler promised to overturn the Treaty of Versailles and stop reparations and to give Germany
back her pride. He also promised to re-arm Germany, contrary to the Treaty. By recruiting a
large army and building a whole new navy and air force, Hitler would be able to reduce
unemployment. This promise made him popular both with some sections of the unemployed and
the military. Hitlers promise of strong government and stability was widely supported particularly
by industrialists, who were terrified of the left wing unions and communism. Particularly after the
Wall Street Crash, many big businessmen made huge donations to the Nazi Party.
"What Did the Nazis Promise Germany?" The Holocaust Explained. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 May
2016
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Hitler was a powerful and spellbinding speaker who attracted a wide following of Germans
desperate for change. He promised the disenchanted a better life and a new and glorious
Germany. The Nazis appealed especially to the unemployed, young people, and members of

the lower middle class (small store owners, office employees, craftsmen, farmers)
"Hitler Comes to Power." United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. United States Holocaust
Memorial Council, n.d. Web. 11 May 2016.
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Question 3: How did HITLER solidify power?
in the first months of his chancellorship, Hitler began a concerted policy of "synchronization,"
forcing organizations, political parties, and state governments into line with Nazi goals and
placing them under Nazi leadership. Culture, the economy, education, and law came under
greater Nazi control. Trade unions were abolished and workers, employees, and employers
were forced into Nazi organizations. By mid-July 1933, the Nazi party was the only political party
permitted in Germany. The Reichstag (German parliament) became a rubber stamp for Hitler's
dictatorship. The Fuehrer's will became the foundation for government policy.
USHM, 2
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On his first day in office, Hitler convinced Hindenburg to dissolve the Reichstag and call for a
new elections for March 5, 1933. To gain military support, Hitler attended a dinner with the
german general military staff. He promised that Germany would rearm and then conquer
Austria, Poland , and other lands to the east. Hitler also assured the staff that the SA storm
troopers would not replace the army...Nzi newspapers under prpaganda minister Goebbels
direction, printed false stories about a Communist conspiracy. The articles claimed that
Communists and Jews wanted to take over Germany, and only Hitler and the Nazi could stop
them. The same claims were made in broadcast from radio stations across the country. Nazi
received only 44% of vote so they took over by force. Many people now wanted to join the Nazi
party. Wealthy people, government officials, and artists declared their support for Hitler.
Scott Ingram, 67
In order to achieve and maintain his power, Hitler carried out a set of policies which first
demerited his opposition, then legally made him the absolute leader. Firstly, Hitler possessed
tremendous energy and will-power and a remarkable gift for public speaking, which enabled him
to put forward his ideas with great emotional force. He used the latest modern communication
techniques mass rallies, parades, radio and film (Lowe). Hitler discredited his opposition
through the use of violence (show[ing] no mercy to communists and other enemies of state).
Then, in February 1933 the Reichstag (German parliament) was set on fire. Although it is
assumed that the fire was lit by the Dutch anarchist Marinus van der Lubbe, according to Lowe
Hitler used the fire to stir up fear of communism and as a pretext for the banning of the party.
However, in the election in early March 1933, in spite of all their efforts, the Nazis still failed to
win an overall majority (Lowe). In response to this, later in March 1933, Hitler passed the
Enabling Act, the legal basis for his absolute power. He assured that the parliament would vote
for the bill by surrounding the voting hall with his private armies; MPs had to push their way
through solid ranks of SS troops to get into the building. The 81 communist MPs were not
allowed to pass (Lowe). This Enabling Act allowed the government to make laws without the
approval of the Reichstag, effectively eliminating its power. This meant that Hitler no longer
needed the support of Franz von Papen (Chancellor of Germany in 1932 and Vice-Chancellor
under Hitler in 19331934), Alfred Hugenberg (one of Hitlers main advisors who helped him rise
to power and hoped to control him) or any other political figure. Next, through a policy
ofGleichshaltung (forcible co-ordination) Hitler turned Germany into a totalitarian state.
According to Lowe, All parties except the National Socialists were banned, and separate state

governments lost all power. After a decree released in March 1933, it became dangerous to
oppose or criticize the government in any way (Lowe). Religion was brought under state control
in 1933 when Hitler signed an agreement (known as the Concordat) in which he promised not to
interfere with German Catholics on the condition that they dissolved the Catholic Centre Party.
Noor, Khairul. "IB History." : Account for Hitlers Rise to Power and Analyse the Methods Used
to Maintain This Power. N.p., 3 Dec. 2012. Web. 11 May 2016.
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Paragraph body 2
Question 1: How did HITLER improve/take steps to improve the economy?
One of the first actions was to destroy the trade unions and impose strict wage controls. The
government then expanded the money supply through massive deficit spending. However at the
same time the government imposed a 4.5% interest rate ceiling, creating a massive shortage in
borrowable funds. This was resolved by setting up a series of dummy companies that would pay
for goods with bonds. The most famous of these was the MEFO company, and these bonds
used as currency became known as mefo bills. While it was promised that these bonds could
eventually be exchanged for real money, the repayment was put off until after the collapse of the
Reich. These complicated maneuvers also helped conceal armament expenditures that violated
the Treaty of Versailles.
According to economic theory, price control combined with a large increase in the money supply
should have produced a large black market, but harsh penalties that saw violators sent to
concentration camps or even shot prevented this development. Repressive measures also kept
volatility low, reducing inflationary pressures. New policies also limited imports of consumer
goods and focused on producing exports. International trade was greatly reduced remaining at
about a third of 1929 levels throughout the Nazi period. Currency controls were extended,
leading to a considerable overvaluation of the Reichsmark. These policies were successful in
cutting unemployment dramatically.
Most industry was not nationalized, however industry was closely regulated with quotas and
requirements to use domestic resources. These regulations were set by administrative
committees composed of government and business officials. Competition was limited as major
companies were organized into cartels through these administrative committees. Selective
nationalization was used against businesses that failed to agree to these arrangements. The
banks, which had been nationalized by Weimar, were returned to their owners and each
administrative committee had a bank as member to finance the schemes.
While the strict state intervention into the economy and the massive rearmament policy led to
full employment during the 1930s, real wages in Germany dropped by roughly 25% between
1933 and 1938.[7] Trade unions were abolished, as well as collective bargaining and the right to
strike.[8] The right to quit also disappeared: Labor books were introduced in 1935, and required
the consent of the previous employer in order to be hired for another job
Ayer, 95
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A number of policies were introduced which caused the unemployment figures to drop. Women
were no longer included in the statistics so any women who remained out of work under the
Nazis rule did not exist as far as the statistics were concerned.The unemployed were given a
very simple choice: do whatever work is given to you by the government or be classed as workshy and put in a concentration camp.Jews lost their citizenship in 1935 and as a result were not

included in unemployment figures even though many lost their employment at the start of
Hitlers time in power.Many young men were taken off of the unemployment figure when
conscription was brought in (1935) and men had to do their time in the army etc. By 1939, the
army was 1.4 million strong. To equip these men with weapons etc., factories were built and this
took even more off of the unemployment figure.With these measures in place the
unemployment figure had to fall drastically and many saw the Nazi figures as nothing more than
a bookkeeping trick. However, many would have been too scared to speak out against the Nazis
or pass negative comments on the published figures such was the fear of the Gestapo
Trueman, C. N. "The Nazis and the German Economy." History Learning Site. History Learning
Site, 9 Mar. 2015. Web. 11 May 2016.
Now that he had the power he had craved, Hitler began working to restore Germanys economy
and find jobs for millions of unemployed. One of his first steps was to expand the DAF
(Deutsche Arbeiter Front, or German Labor Front), the government-ran labor union that all
German workers were required to join. Because the DAF was the only labor union allowed by
the Nazis, it controlled the wages and working conditions for all German laborers. No longer
could complain about hours, working conditions, or wages.
But most people were so glad to be earning a regular paycheck that few of them worried about
the power held by the DAF. When Hitler became chancellor in 1933, six million people were out
of work. Just three years later nearly everyone had jobs and a little money in their pockets.
There was a sense of security and hope--a feeling the people had not known for many
years.maintain control?
Kala, Ravi. "History: Was Hitler Successful in Tackling the Great Depression in Germany?" Quora. N.p., 6 Jan. 2016. Web. 11 May 2016.
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Question 2: How did HITLER use his military to maintain control/expand his reign?
Make sure that you copy the information word for word!
When Hitler came to power he was determined to make Germany a great power again and to
dominate Europe. He had set out his ideas in a book called Mein Kampf (My Struggle) that he
had written in prison in 1924. His main aims were to destroy the Treaty of Versailles imposed on
Germany after her defeat in World War One. Hitler felt the Treaty was unfair and most Germans
supported this view./To unite all German speakers together in one country. After World War One
there were Germans living in many countries in Europe e.g. Austria, Czechoslovakia, Poland.
Hitler hoped that by uniting them together in one country he would create a powerful Germany
or Grossdeutschland.
To expand eastwards into the East (Poland, Russia) to gain land for Germany (Lebensraumliving space).His tactics involved using the threat of violence to achieve his aims. He realised
that his potential foes, France and Britain, were reluctant to go to war and were prepared to
compromise to avoid a repeat of World War One. He was also an opportunist who often took
advantage of events for his own benefit.
Tonge, Stephen. "European History." Hitlers Foreign Policy. Marjie Bloy, 12 Jan. 2016. Web. 11
May 2016.
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Military opposition was also punished. The demands of the SA for more political and military
power led to the Night of the Long Knives, which took place from June 30 to July 2, 1934. Ernst
Rhm and other SA leaders, along with a number of Hitler's political enemies, were rounded up
and shot. He began to mobilize for war. Germany withdrew from the League of Nations, and
Hitler announced a massive expansion of Germanys armed forces.

The Nazi regime also included social reform measures. Hitler promoted anti-smoking
campaigns across the country. These campaigns stemmed from Hitler's self-imposed dietary
restrictions, which included abstinence from alcohol and meat. At dinners, Hitler sometimes told
graphic stories about the slaughter of animals in an effort to shame his fellow diners. He
encouraged all Germans to keep their bodies pure of any intoxicating or unclean substance.
A main Nazi concept was the notion of racial hygiene. New laws banned marriage between nonJewish and Jewish Germans, and deprived "non-Aryans" of the benefits of German citizenship.
Hitler's early eugenic policies targeted children with physical and developmental disabilities, and
later authorized a euthanasia program for disabled adults.
The Holocaust was also conducted under the auspices of racial hygiene. Between 1939 and
1945, Nazis and their collaborators were responsible for the deaths of 11 million to 14 million
people, including about 6 million Jews, representing two-thirds of the Jewish population in
Europe. Deaths took place in concentration and extermination camps and through mass
executions. Other persecuted groups included Poles, communists, homosexuals, Jehovah's
Witnesses and trade unionists, among others. Hitler probably never visited the concentration
camps and did not speak publicly about the killings.
"Adolf Hitler." Bio.com. A&E Networks Television, n.d. Web. 11 May 2016.
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Question 3: How did HITLER maintain control over the people/manipulate the people to
Hitler used his position as chancellor to form a de facto legal dictatorship.Propaganda served
as an important tool to win over the majority of the German public who had not supported Adolf
Hitler and to push forward the Nazis' radical program, which required the acquiescence,
support, or participation of broad sectors of the population. Combined with the use of terror to
intimidate those who did not comply, a new state propaganda apparatus headed by Joseph
Goebbels sought to manipulate and deceive the German population and the outside world. At
each step of the way, propagandists preached an appealing message of national unity and a
utopian future that resonated with millions of Germans. Simultaneously, they waged campaigns
that facilitated the persecution of Jews and others excluded from the Nazi vision of the National
Community. Wartime propagandists universally seek to justify the use of military violence by
portraying it as morally defensible and necessary. To do otherwise would jeopardize public
morale and faith in the government and its armed forces. Throughout the Second World War,
Nazi propagandists disguised military aggression aimed at territorial conquest as righteous and
necessary acts of self-defense. They cast Germany as a victim or potential victim of foreign
aggressors, as a peace-loving nation forced to take up arms to protect its populace or defend
European civilization against Communism. The war aims professed at each stage of the
hostilities almost always disguised actual Nazi intentions of territorial expansion and racial
warfare. This was propaganda of deception, designed to fool or misdirect the populations in
Germany, German-occupied lands, and the neutral countries.
Ayer, Eleanor H. The Importance of Adolf Hitler. San Diego, CA: Lucent, 1996. Print.
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In the months after Hitler took power, the SA and Gestapo agents went from door to door
looking for Hitler's enemies. Socialists, Communists, trade union leaders, and others who had
spoken out against the Nazi party were arrested, and some were killed. By the middle of 1933,
the Nazi party was the only political party, and nearly all organized opposition to the regime had
been eliminated. Democracy was dead in Germany.

Many different groups, including the SA and SS, set up hundreds of makeshift "camps" in empty
warehouses, factories, and other locations all over Germany where they held political opponents
without trial and under conditions of great cruelty. One of these camps was set up on March 20,
1933, at Dachau, in an abandoned munitions factory from World War I. Located near Munich in
southwestern Germany, Dachau would become the "model" concentration camp for a vast
system of SS camps.
"Nazi Terror Begins." United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. United States Holocaust
Memorial Council, 29 Jan. 2016. Web. 11 May 2016.
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Body paragraph 3
Question 2: How did military losses in WWII affect the stability of HITLERs rule?
Hitler was aware of the panic that gripped his people in Warsaw. Shaken and injured in the right
arm by the attempt on his life at the Wolfs Lair at Rostenburg, the aging leader of the Germans
had no intention of abandoning Warsaw, the loss of which would have been a major catastrophe
in the continuing ability of the Wehrmacht to keep the Russians from the German homeland.
185
It was during these years that Hitlers personal flaws became most apparent. His inability to
recognize that his army could not defeat the Soviets made the war in the east for a disaster for
Germany. A furious Hitler insisted that his army should fight to last man, but by late 1943, the
German army in the east was in retreat. At the same time allied forces had driven the germans
out of North Africa and invaded italy, while allied bombers attacked Germans industrial cities. By
1944, in Great Britain, The allies had begun to make preparations for an invasion of Germancontrolled France at Normandy. Hitler insisted that the allies would invade at Calais a point
closer to Great Britain, many miles northwest of Normandy. He ordered his most powerful tank
units stationed there. When the allies invaded at Normandy on D-Day June 6, 1944, there were
no German tanks to defend the area.
At this point, the great problem for Hitler as Supreme Commander of the German Armed Forces
was a dwindling supply of manpower. The German armaments industry could still produce tanks
and planes in the hundreds, but there were not enough trained men available to operate them.
Worse for Hitler, in the skies above Germany, a virtual fourth front had been created upon the
demise of the German Air Force. The Luftwaffe, which had once terrorized Europe and England,
had largely expended itself over Russia and nearly run out of pilots. The result was total air
supremacy for Hitler's enemies on all fronts along with the emergence of something completely
new in the history of warfare the thousand bomber air raid. Day and night, American and
British bomber planes ranged deep into Nazi Germany targeting weapons factories and civilians
alike, with the same ferocity German pilots had shown in raiding a dozen countries beginning in
1939.
For the German people, one of the worst bombing attacks occurred in July 1943, when a
tornado-like firestorm erupted in Hamburg during a week of successive American and British
carpet bombings. A German casualty report described the scene: "Children were torn from the
hands of their parents by the tornado and whirled into the flames. People who thought they had
saved themselves collapsed in a few minutes in the overwhelmingly destructive force of the
heat. People who were fleeing had to make their way through the dead and the dying. The sick
and frail had to be left behind by the rescuers since they themselves were in danger of burning.
And each one of these nights of fire and flames was followed by a day which revealed the horror
in the pale and unreal light of a smoke-covered sky. And these days were followed by new
nights with new horrors, even more smoke and soot, heat and dust, with still more death and
destruction. The streets were covered with hundreds of corpses. Mothers with their children,
men, old people, burnt, charred, unscathed and clothed, naked and pale like wax dummies in a

shop window, they lay in every position, quiet and peaceful, or tense with their death throes
written in the expressions on their faces."
Over 40,000 persons were killed in the Hamburg firestorm while three quarters of the city was
destroyed. Such scenes were repeated in several other cities including Berlin, Munich,
Frankfurt, Nuremberg, Cologne and Dresden. In addition to the human toll, centuries of art and
culture vanished as thousand-year-old cathedrals and cherished historical monuments were
instantly turned to rubble.
Ayer, 78
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The outlook for german troops facing their second impossible russian winter was bleak. Hitler,
who was celebrating the nineteenth anniversary of the beer hall putsch, failed to understand the
seriousness of their situation. Hitler's armies were not able to withstand the harsh russian
weather and the unforgiving cold. The attackers were quickly weakened by natural cause and
hitlers armies lost masses of people. The Battle of Stalingrad (23 August 1942 2 February
1943) was a major battle on the Eastern Front of World War II in which Nazi Germany and his
attack was supported by intensive Luftwaffe bombing that reduced much of the city to rubble.
Soviet reports indicate 955 people were killed The Battle of Berlin, designated the Berlin
Strategic Offensive Operation by the Soviet Union. Before the battle was over, German Fhrer
Adolf Hitler and some of his ... further need to suffer casualties by attacking a city that would be
in the Soviet. This Battle of France, 10 May25 June 1940: caused 469,000 casualties.
Ayer, 79
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Question 3: How did the peoples loss of faith in HITLER affect his rule/control of the country?
Although German civilians displayed a brave face at first, much as the British had done during
the Blitz, the increasing severity was wearing them down nevertheless, as there was absolutely
no end in sight. In the eyes of the people, the once exalted image of Adolf Hitler was beginning
to erode amid the ceaseless air raids, gloomy war news from all fronts, increasing deprivations
and shortages on the homefront, and the ever-mounting death toll of loved ones in uniform.
People who used to enthusiastically greet each other by saying "Heil Hitler," were now inclined
to avoid eye contact and say nothing at all. THe paranoia caused hitler to become power
hungry. He would blame anything that would keep him out of power on the Jews. They did
nothing to stop
"Defeat of Hitler: Running Out of Time." The History Place. The History Place, n.d. Web. 11 May
2016.
On July 20, a group of German civilians and generals, who realized that Germany had already
lost the war, tried to assassinate Hitler. The attempt failed, but it made Hitlers mental condition
even more unstable. He became convinced that he was invincible and that voices speak to him
as he claimed they had during his close calls in World War 1. In a rage, he ordered the SS to kill
every family member, including the children, of all those who participated in the plot against himwhich led to the execution of more than 5,000 people. He ordered the top six military officers
involved in the plot hung on meat hooks and slowly strangled. Hitler had the gruesome
spectacle filmed. He then ordered the film to be shown to all army recruits as a warning that no
one should disobey the fuhrer
Ayer, 78
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On April 30, however, Hitler had committed suicide and been followed by Goebbels. Mussolini
was captured and executed by Italian partisans. Two weeks Himmler bit into a capsule of
cyanide. With these men dead, the British opposition to a trial softened
194
Bard, Mitchell Geoffrey. The Complete History of the Holocaust. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven,
2001. Print.
Page 194
He supervised the poisoning of his beloved dog Blondi and her pups and shortly after 3 p.m. he
and Eva Braun bade farewell to the staff, assembled in the bunker, and retired to their private
room to carry out their decision. They bit into thin glass vials of cyanide - as he did so, Hitler
also shot himself in the head with a 7.65 mm Walther pistol.
The Suicide Of Eva Braun And Adolf Hitler. The Suicide Of Eva Braun And Adolf Hitler. Louis
Blow, n.d. Web. 11 May 2016.
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