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PHYSIC
S
INVESTIGATORY PROJECT
Name: Joydeep Naskar
Class: XII- Science
Roll:
School: Kendriya Vidyalaya,
IIM Joka
Session: 2015-16
INDEX
S.
No.
Title
Acknowledgement
Certificate
Introduction
Experiment
5.
-Aim
-Materials required
-Observation
-Result
Bibliography
Acknowledgement
I would like to thank the CBSE, for
providing me the opportunity to
carry out this investigatory
project. I also take this
opportunity to express my sincere
gratitude to my Physics teacher,
Mr. Arindam Ojha, PGT Physics
(Contractual), for guiding me
and imparting a sound base of
knowledge pertaining to this topic
which ensured the successful
completion of this project. I would
also like to thank him for
unending assistance to enable
completion of the exercise.
CERTIFICATE
This is to hereby certify that the
original and genuine
investigatory project has been
completed sincerely and
satisfactorily by Joydeep
Naskar of class XII Sc.
KendriyaVidyalaya IIMJoka,
Kolkata, regarding his project
titled To study the effect of
various solutes on the
elevation of boiling point of
Teachers Signature
Examiners Signature
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
AIM:
MATERIALS REQUIRED:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
A pnp Transistor
Regulated power supply (0-30V, 1A) and a 3-V battery
Voltmeter (0-30V)
Ammeters (0-50mA)
2 high resistance rheostats
Connecting wires
PROCEDURE:
INPUT CHARACTERISTICS:
1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.
2. For plotting the input characteristics, the output voltage VCE is kept
constant at 0V and for different values of VEB note down the values of
IE.
3. Repeat the above step keeping VCB at 2V, 4V, and 6V. All the
readings are tabulated.
4. A graph is drawn between VEB and IE for constant VCB.
OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS:
1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.
2. For plotting the output characteristics, the input IE is kept constant at
10mA and for different values of VCB, note down the values of IC.
3. Repeat the above step for the values of IE at 20mA, 40mA, and
60mA, all the readings are tabulated.
4. A graph is drawn between VCB and Ic for constant IE
OBSERVATIONS:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Base-emitter
voltage VEB(V)
VCB= -2V
VCB= -4V
2.5
3.0
4.2
4.6
4.8
20
21
26
4.9
38
48
Out of range
No
.
IE=20mA
4.5
9.0
19.0
5.0
9.0
19.5
5.0
9.0
19.5
5.5
9.5
19.5
5.5
9.5
19.5
5.5
9.5
19.5
5.5
9.5
19.5
5.5
9.5
19.5
10
10
10
10
CALCULATIONS
RESULT
1. The input, output and transfer characteristics are shown
in the adjoining graphs.
2. The current gain, =
3. The voltage gain, Av =
PRECAUTIONS
SOURCES OF ERROR
The transistor may be faulty.
BIBILOGRPAHY
Various books and websites were
referred while making this project: