Chapter 7: Quadrilaterals

7.1 Pictorial Representation of the Quadrilateral

Family Tree
A ___________________ is a 4 sided polygon.

___________

________

________

___________

_______

________

_________
!

______

7.2 The Parallelogram

As you know, a quadrilateral is a 4 sided polygon. There are
many different types of quadrilaterals.
A PARALLELOGRAM is defined as a quadrilateral with
the following properties:
1. Both pairs of opposite sides are _______________.
2. Both pairs of opposite sides are _______________.
3. Both pairs of opposite angles are ______________.
4. Consecutive angles are ___________________.
5. Diagonals ____________ ___________ ___________.
6. One diagonal divides the parallelogram into 2
_______________ ______________.
**Note that there are 2 properties on sides, 2 on angles, and
2 on diagonals.
symbol:

Also, remember that when labeling the vertices of any polygon

including a parallelogram choose a vertex for the first
letter, then label in either clockwise or counter-clockwise
order.
For example, heres how you might choose to label
parallelogram ABCD:

To prove a quadrilateral is a parallelogram, use one of the

following options:
- Use _____________ to prove both pairs of opposite
sides are parallel.
- Use _____________ to prove that both pairs of opposite
sides are congruent.
- Use both _____________ and ____________ to prove
that one pair of opposite sides are both parallel and
congruent.
- Use ________________ to prove that the diagonals
bisect each other.

7.3 The Rectangle

A RECTANGLE is a _____________________.

A rectangle has the following properties:

1. All of the properties of the parallelogram.
2. All angles are ____________ angles. As a result, it is
equiangular.
3. Diagonals are _______________.

To prove that a quadrilateral is a rectangle you must first

prove that it is a parallelogram using one of the methods
already discussed. Then, you must either:
- Use the distance formula to show that both
_________________ are congruent.
OR
- Use the slope formula to show that 2 consecutive sides
are _________________, forming a right angle.

**NOTE: Using the slope formula is easiest. Finding the slope

of all 4 sides will show that opposite sides are parallel (same
slope), making it a parallelogram. This will also show that
consecutive sides have slopes that are negative reciprocals,
meaning that those two sides are perpendicular, giving you
that one right angle you need to make it a rectangle.

Diagonals are
congruent

7.4 The Rhombus

A rhombus is another type of parallelogram.

A rhombus has the following properties:

1. All of the properties of a parallelogram.
2. All sides are _________________, therefore it is
____________________.
3. Diagonals are ______________________.
4. Diagonals ________________ _____________
_____________.
To prove a rhombus, you again must first prove that it is a
parallelogram using one of the previously discussed methods.
Then, you must:
- Use the distance formula to show that 2 consecutive
sides are _________________.
OR
- Use the slope formula to show that the diagonals are
______________________.

**NOTE: For a rhombus it is easiest to use the distance

formula. Finding the length (distance) of all 4 sides will
show that opposite sides are congruent, proving that it is a
parallelogram, but will also show that all 4 sides are congruent,
making it equilateral and hence a rhombus.

7.5 The Square

A square is pretty much a hybrid of all the shapes weve been
discussing. The definition of a square is either:
- A rectangle with 2 congruent consecutive sides
or
- A rhombus with a right angle

As a result, it has all the properties of a parallelogram, a

rectangle, and a rhombus combined.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Opposite sides are parallel

Opposite sides are congruent.
Opposite angles are congruent
Consecutive angles are supplementary
Diagonals bisect each other
Diagonals divide the rectangle into 2 congruent
triangles.
7. All angles are right angles. As a result, it is
equiangular.
8. Diagonals are congruent.
9. All sides are congruent. As a result, it is equilateral.
10. Diagonals are perpendicular
11. Diagonals bisect the angles.

Proving that a quadrilateral is a square requires proving that it

has a property of all three figures: parallelogram, rectangle,
and rhombus.
To prove a square you must first prove that it is a
parallelogram, then:
- Show that the diagonals are BOTH congruent and
perpendicular (use distance and slope)
OR
- Show that two consecutive sides are BOTH congruent
and perpendicular (use distance and slope)

7.6 The Trapezoid

The first thing to remember about the trapezoid is that
a trapezoid is NOT a parallelogram. Doesn't have two sets of parallel
sides

A trapezoid is defined as a quadrilateral with ONLY ONE pair

of opposite parallel sides. Those parallel sides are called the
________________; the non-parallel sides are called the
_________________.

A trapezoid has only one major property:

Only one pair of opposite sides is _________________.
In order to prove a quadrilateral is a trapezoid, use slope on
all 4 sides. One pair of opposite sides will have equal slopes,
showing that they are parallel (these are the bases) and the
other pair of opposite sides will not have equal slopes, showing
that they are non-parallel.

7.7 The Isosceles Trapezoid

A special type of trapezoid is the ISOSCELES TRAPEZOID.
The properties of an isosceles trapezoid are:
1. Only one pair of opposite sides is __________________.
2. The legs (non-parallel sides) are ___________________.
3. Each pair of base angles is ____________________.
4. Diagonals are _____________________.

To prove that a trapezoid is isosceles, first show that it is a

trapezoid using the slope formula (two sides parallel and two
sides non-parallel). Then:
- Use the distance formula to show that the
___________________ sides are congruent.
OR
- Use the distance formula to show that the
_________________ are congruent.
!

7.8 Review the Properties of the Quadrilaterals

Property

Opp. Sides //

Opp. Sides

Equilateral
Opp. s
Base s

Equiangular
Consecutive s are
Supplementary
Diagonals bisect
each other
Diagonals are
Diagonals are

A diagonal divides it
into 2 s
Diagonals bisect
the angles

Parallelogram

Rhombus

Rectangle

Square

Trapezoid

Isosceles
Trapezoid

7.9 Proving Quadrilaterals Using Coordinate Geometry

To Prove a Quadrilateral is a Parallelogram, choose 1 of the following methods:
!
!
!
!

Show that both pairs of opposite sides are parallel

(slope formula)
Show that both pairs of opposite sides are congruent
(distance formula)
Show that only 1 pair of opposite sides are parallel and congruent (slope & distance
formulas)
Show that the diagonals bisect each other, by showing they have the same midpoint
(midpoint formula)

To Prove a Quadrilateral is a Rectangle, *first show it is a parallelogram & then choose 1 of

the following methods:
!
!

Show that both diagonals are congruent

(distance formula)
Show that it has 1 right angle, by having 2 consecutive sides perpendicular (slope formula)

To Prove a Quadrilateral is a Rhombus, *first show it is a parallelogram & then choose 1 of

the following methods:
!
!

Show that 2 consecutive sides are congruent (distance formula)

Show that the 2 diagonals are perpendicular (slope formula)

To Prove a Quadrilateral is a Square, *first show it is a parallelogram & then choose 1 of the
following methods:
!
!

Show that the 2 diagonals are congruent & perpendicular

Show that 2 consecutive sides are congruent & perpendicular

(distance & slope formulas)

(distance & slope formulas)

To Prove a Quadrilateral is a Trapezoid show 1 pair of opposite sides are parallel and the
other pair
not parallel (slope formula)
To Prove a Quadrilateral is an Isosceles Trapezoid, *first show it is a trapezoid & choose 1
of the following methods:
!
!

Show that the non-parallel sides are congruent

Show that the 2 diagonals are congruent

(distance formula)
(distance formula)

7.10 The Quadrilaterals and Algebra

* E is the intersection of diagonals AC & BD
* T is the intersection of diagonals PR & QS
* V is the intersection of diagonals WY & XZ

= parallelogram

1. In

ABCD, BCD = 2x + 30 and CDA = 3x 50, find the measure of each.

2. In

ABCD, AE = x + 2, EC = y + 4, DE = 3x 4, EB = 2y + 4. Find x and y.

3. In

ABCD, AB = x + 3y, BC = 20, CD = 2(x + y 1), DA = 5y. Find x and y.

4. Square WXYZ: WX = 1-10x, YZ = 14+3x. Find x.

5. In

PQRS, P = y and Q = 4y + 20. find the measure of each.

6. In

ABCD, BC = 8y - 6, DA = 3y + 14. Find y.

7. In

ABCD, AC = 5x - 12, AE = 14. Find x.

8. In

ABCD, BD = 3x + 56, BE = 4x + 8. Find BD.

9. In
ABCD, BCD = 3x + 14, ADC = x + 10. Find the measure of both
angles.

10. In

ABCD, C = x + 75 and D = 3x 199, find the measure of each.

11. In

ABCD, BC = 4x + 7 and DA = 8x 5, find the value of x.

12. In
ABCD, opposite angles are 9x + 12 and 15x. Find all the angles of the
parallelogram.

13. In rectangle PQRS, PT = 3x y, ST = x + y, TQ = 5. Find PT and ST.

14. In rectangle PQRS, PS = y, QR = x + 7, PQ = y-2x, SR = x +1. Find the length of

the sides.

15. In rhombus PQMN, PN = 7x - 10 and PQ = 5x + 6, find the value of x.

16. In rhombus ABCD, AB = 5x + 24 and BC = x2. Find the length of each side.

17. In

WXYZ, WY = 4x 14 and VY = x + 8. Find x.

18. In

ABCD, A = 5x - 10 and C = 3x + 4, find the measure of each.

19. In
ABCD, consecutive angles are 2x and 2x 20. Find all the angles of the
parallelogram.

20. In rectangle ABCD, DE = 3x + 1, AC = 5x + 4. Find the length of the diagonals.

21. In rectangle ABCD, AC = 2x + 15 and BD = 4x -5, find the measure of AC.

22. In

ABCD, A is 30 more then B. Find all the angles in the parallelogram.

23. In

ABCD, BE = 4x 12 and DE = 2x + 8. Find the value of x.

24. In rhombus RSTW, RST = 108. Find SRT.

25. In

MATH, T exceeds H by 50. Find the s.

26. In

TRIG, R = 2x + 19 and G = 4x 17. Find the s.

27. In
RSTW, SA = x 13, AW = 2x 37, diagonal RT and SW intersect at A.
Find x.