Selected Normal Pediatric Laboratory Values

All laboratory values listed are approximate. Consult your local laboratory for guidelines as to normal values for the
specific testing procedures used.
NORMAL VALUES: BLOOD
Albumin (S)

Ammonia (P)

Newborn:
13 years:
46 years:
79 years:
1019 years:
Aldolase (S)

2.63.6 g/dL
3.44.2 g/dL
3.55.2 g/dL
3.75.6 g/dL
3.75.6 g/dL

Newborns:
Thereafter:

Aldosterone (S)

Bicarbonate, Actual (P)

Calculated from pH and PaCO2

Newborns:
17.223.6 mmol/L
2 months2 years:
1924 mmol/L
Children:
1825 mmol/L
Adult males:
20.128.9 mmol/L
Adult females:
18.428.8 mmol/L

124 ng/dL
215 ng/dL
122 ng/dL
132 ng/dL

Bilirubin, Conjugated (S)

Values in IU/L at 37C (98.6F) using p-nitrophenol phosphate

buffered with AMP (kinetic).
Age

Males

Newborns (13 days)

224 months
25 years
67 years
89 years
1011 years
1213 years
1415 years
1618 years
Adults

95368
115460
115391
115460
115345
115336
127403
79446
58331
41137

Females
95368
115460
115391
115460
115345
115437
92336
78212
35124
39118

10 mol/L

Neonate:
Preterm (16 days):

2 mol/L
10 mol/L

Bleeding Time (Simplate)

143440 mg/dL

13 years:
49 years:
1013 years:
1419 years:

147244 mg/dL
160245 mg/dL
166267 mg/dL
152317 mg/dL

Soldin, S.J., Brugnara, C., & Hicks, J.M. (1999). Pediatric reference ranges
(3rd ed.). Washington, DC: AACC Press.
2
Hay, W.W., Hayward, A.R., Levin, M.J., Sondheimer, J.M. (2000). Current
pediatric diagnosis and treatment (15th ed.). New York: Lange Medical
Books/McGraw Hill.

29 min.
Blood Volume

Premature infants: 98 mL/kg

At 1 year:
86 mL/kg (range, 69112 mL/kg)
Older children:
70 mL/kg (range, 5186 mL/kg)
Calcium (S)

Newborn:

Neonates:

Note: Modified from:

1

10 to 2 mmol/L
7 to 1 mmol/L
4 to +2 mmol/L
3 to +3 mmol/L

Alkaline Phosphatase (S)

Antitrysin (S)

Newborn:
Infant:
Child:
Thereafter:

3.411.8 U/L
1.28.8 U/L
1.74.9 U/L

69 years:
1011 years:
1214 years:
1517 years:

a1

50 mmol/L
035 mmol/L

Base Excess (B)

1024 months:
27 years:
Adults:

Premature infants (first week):

3.54.5 mEq/L (1.72.3 mmol/L)
Full-term infants (first week):
4.05.0 mEq/L (2.02.5 mmol/L)
Thereafter:
4.45.3 mEq/L (2.22.7 mmol/L)
Carbon Dioxide, Partial Pressure (PCO 2) (B)1
Newborn:
Infant:
Children:
Carbon Dioxide, Total (P)

2740 mmHg
2741 mmHg
3248 mmHg
1

Cord blood:

1329 mmol/L

1 year:
Adults:

1731 mmol/L
2430 mmol/L

(3.65.5 kPa)
(3.65.5 kPa)
(4.36.4 kPa)

Chloride (S, P)

117 years:
Adults:

102112 mmol/L
100108 mmol/L

Cholesterol, High-Density Lipoprotein (S)

19 years:
1013 years:
1419 years:

3582 mg/dL
3684 mg/dL
3565 mg/dL

Cholesterol, Low-Density Lipoprotein (S)

59 years:
1014 years:
1519 years:

44181 mg/dL
108187 mg/dL
112247 mg/dL
125244 mg/dL
106224 mg/dL

Complement (S)

(1.633.63 mmol/L)
(1.663.52 mmol/L)
(1.533.55 mmol/L)

13 years:
46 years:
79 years:
1013 years:
1419 years:

(1.154.70 mmol/L)
(2.804.80 mmol/L)
(2.906.40 mmol/L)
(3.256.30 mmol/L)
(2.755.80 mmol/L)

C3:

96195 mg/dL

C4:

1520 mg/dL

Creatine Kinase (S, P)

Newborns (13 days):

Adult males:
Adult females:

40474 IU/L at 37C (98.6F)

30210 IU/L at 37C (98F)
20128 IU/L at 37C (98.6F)

Values in mg/dL ( mol/L)

Age
a

13 days
1 year
23 years
47 years
810 years
1112 years
1317 years
1820 years
a

(0.912.12 mmol/L)
(0.932.17 mmol/L)
(0.911.68 mmol/L)

63140 mg/dL
64136 mg/dL
59137 mg/dL

Cholesterol, Total (S, P)

Creatine (S, P)

Males

0.21.0 (17.788.4)
0.20.6 (17.753.0)
0.20.7 (17.761.9)
0.20.8 (17.770.7)
0.30.9 (26.579.6)
0.31.0 (26.588.4)
0.31.2 (26.5106.1)
0.51.3 (44.2115.0)

Females
0.21.0 (17.788.4)
0.20.5 (17.744.2)
0.30.6 (26.553.0)
0.20.7 (17.761.9)
0.30.8 (26.570.7)
0.30.9 (26.579.6)
0.31.1 (26.597.2)
0.31.1 (26.597.2)

Values may be higher in premature newborns.

Creatinine Clearance

Values show great variability and depend on specificity of

analytical methods used.
Newborns (1 day):
Newborns (6 days):
2

550 mL/min/1.732m (mean,

18 mL/min/1.732 m ) 1590
mL/min/1.73 m2 (mean, 36
mL/min/1.73 m2) 85125
mL/min/1.73 m2 75115
mL/min/1.73 m

10350 g/L
688,200 g/L
1 year:

96111 mmol/L

Adult males:
Adult females:
C-Reactive Protien (S)

Fasting Insulin Level

Glucose 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (RBC)

1.824.6 mU/L
150215 units/dL
Fibrinogen (P)

Glucose Tolerance Test Results in Serum

a2

200500 mg/dL (5.914.7 mol/L)

GLUCOSE
Galactose (S, P)

1.12.1 mg/dL (0.060.12 mmol/L)

Galactose 1-Phosphate (RBC)
Normal: 1 mg/dL of packed erythrocyte lysate; slightly higher in cord
blood Infants with congenital galactosemia on a milk-free diet: 2
mg/dL

Infants with congenital galactosemia taking milk: 920 mg/dL

Galactose 1-Phosphate Uridyl Transferase (RBC)

Normal:

308475 mIU/g of hemoglobin

Heterozygous for Duarte variant:

Homozygous for Duarte variant:

225308 mIU/g of hemoglobin

142225 mIU/g of hemoglobin

Heterozygous for congenital galactosemia: 142225 mIU/g of hemoglobin

Homozygous for congenital galactosemia:

Glucose (S, P)

8 mIU/g of hemoglobin

Premature infants:

2080 mg/dL (1.114.44 mmol/L)

Full-term infants:
Children and adults (fasting):

30100 mg/dL (1.675.56 mmol/L)

60105 mg/dL (3.335.88 mmol/L)

Cord blood:
Adult:

INSULIN

TIME

mg/dL

mmol/L

U/mL

pmol/L

Fasting

5996

3.115.33

540

36287

30 min
60 min
90 min
2 hr
3 hr
4 hr
5 hr

91185
66164
68148
66122
4799
6193
6386

5.0510.27
3.669.10
3.778.22
3.666.77
2.615.49
3.395.16
3.504.77

36110
22124
17105
684
246
332
537

258789
158890
122753
43603
14330
21230
36265

Normal levels based on results in 13 normal children given glucose,

1.75 g/kg orally in one dose, after 2 weeks on a high-carbohydrate diet.

Glycosylated Hemoglobin (Hemoglobin A 1) (B)1

Normal:

47% of total hemoglobin

Diabetic patients in good control

of their condition:
Diabetic patients in poor control:
Pregnant Women:
Values tend to vary with testing technique.

810%

Note: These values reflect total Hemoglobin A

818%
5%8%
1

levels. When Hemoglobin

A1c is computed, values are usually 24% lower.

Growth Hormone (S)

Immunoglobulin E (S, P)

After infancy (fasting specimen): 05 ng/mL

In response to natural and artificial provocation (e.g., sleep,
arginine, insulin, hypoglycemia): 8 ng/mL

012 months
13 years
410 years
1118 years

During the newborn period (fasting specimen): GH levels are

high (1540 ng/mL) and responses to provocation variable

Hematocrit (B)

Iron (S, P)

Age

Males (%)

Females (%)

Newborns

43.456.1

37.455.9

6 months2 years
26 years
612 years
1218 years
18 years

30.937.0
31.737.7
32.739.3
34.843.9
33.446.2

31.237.2
32.037.1
33.039.6
34.040.7
33.041.0

Hemoglobin (B)

1 KIU/L
90 KIU/L
193 KIU/L
398 KIU/L

Newborns:
20157
6 weeks3 years:
20115
39 years:
20141
914 years:
21151
1416 years:
20181
Adults:
44196
Iron-Binding Capacity (S, P)2
Newborns:
Children and adults:

g/dL (3.628.1 mol/L)

g/dL (3.620.6 mol/L)
g/dL (3.625.2 mol/L)
g/dL (3.827 mol/L)
g/dL (3.632.4 mol/L)
g/dL (7.231.3 mol/L)

59175 g/dL (10.631.3 mol/L)

275458 g/dL (4572 mol/L)

Age

Males (g/dL)

Females (g/dL)

Newborns

14.718.6

12.718.3

Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) (S, P)

6 months2 years
26 years
612 years
1218 years
18 years

10.312.4
10.512.7
11.013.3
11.514.8
10.915.7

10.412.4
10.712.7
10.913.3
11.213.6
10.713.5

Values using lactate substrate (kinetic).

13 days:
40348 IU/L at 37C (98.6F)
1 month5 years:
150360 IU/L at 37C (98.6F)
58 years:
150300 IU/L at 37C (98.6F)
812 years:
130300 IU/L at 37C (98.6F)
1214 years:
130280 IU/L at 37C (98.6F)
1416 years:
130230 IU/L at 37C (98.6F)
Adult males:
70178 IU/L at 37C (98.6F)
Adult females:
42166 IU/L at 37C (98.6F)

Hemoglobin A1C
See Glycosylated Hemoglobin.
Hemoglobin Electrophoresis (B)

Lead (B)
A1 hemoglobin:

96%98.5% of total hemoglobin

A2 hemoglobin:

1.5%4% of total hemoglobin

Hemoglobin, Fetal (B)

At birth:
At 1 year:
Up to 2 years:
Thereafter:
Immunoglobulins (S)

Values in mg/dL (mmol/L)

IgG

IgA

IgM

(mg/dL)

(mg/dL)

(mg/dL)

130 days

2211031

119

12117

16 months
712 months
13 years
46 years
79 years
1012 years
1315 years
1618 years

195794
184974
5071407
5711550
5891717
7051871
7091907
6322108

159
9107
18171
47231
41252
61269
42304
89322

9212
4216
63298
64298
49270
58340
57361
59360

Immunoglobulin D (S)

10 g/dL ( 0.48 mol/L)

Magnesium (P)
50%85% of total hemoglobin
15% of total hemoglobin
5% of total hemoglobin
2% of total hemoglobin

Age

015 years

Age

Males

Females

130 days

1.72.4 (0.700.99)

1.72.5 (0.701.03)

31365 days
13 years
49 years
1015 years
1618 years

1.62.5 (0.661.03)
1.72.4 (0.700.99)
1.72.4 (0.700.99)
1.62.2 (0.660.91)
1.52.2 (0.620.91)

1.92.4 (0.780.99)
1.72.4 (0.700.99)
1.62.3 (0.660.95)
1.62.2 (0.660.91)
1.52.2 (0.620.91)

Osmolality (S)

Birth1 month:

275305 mOsm/kg

Adults:
282300 mOsm/kg
Oxygen, Partial Pressure (PO 2) (B)1
Birth:
1 hour:
1 day:

824 mmHg
5580 mmHg
83108 mmHg
1

Oxygen Saturation (B)

Newborn:

0 mg/dL

Thereafter:

08 mg/dL

Newborns:
Thereafter:

85%90%
95%99%

1.13.2 kPa
7.310.6 kPa
11.014.4 kPa

Partial Thromboplastin Time (P)

Children:
PH (B)

Prothrombin Time (P)

4254 sec

Children:

1115 sec

Protoporphyrin, Free (FEP, ZPP) (B)

06 months
612 months

7.187.50
7.277.49

Phenylalanine (S, P)

Values for free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP) and zinc

protoporphyrin (ZPP) are 1.22.7 g/g of hemoglobin.

Red Blood Cell Count (B)

6

0.73.5 mg/dL (0.040.21 mmol/L)

Phosphorus, Inorganic (S, P)

Newborns:
1 year:
10 years:
Adults:

3.65.6 mg/dL (1.161.81 mmol/L)

3.15.1 mg/dL (1.01.65 mmol/L)

mm )

2 years:
Males
164351

234346

12 months
26 months
6 months2 years
26 years
612 years
1218 years
18 years

275567
275566
219452
204405
194364
165332
143320

295615
288598
229465
204402
183369
185335
171326

4.57.2 mmol/L

Full-term infants:
Children:
Adults:

3.75.2 mmol/L
3.55.8 mmol/L
3.55.5 mmol/L

3.45.4
4.14.9
4.04.9
4.04.9
3.84.8

18 mm/hr
1

Newborns:

133146 mmol/L

Children and adults:

Thrombin Time (P)

135148 mmol/L

Children:

1216 sec
1

Values in mU/L.
Age

a2

Total

1-

2-

Protein

Globulin

Globulin

At birth
3 months
1 year
4 years

4.67.0
4.56.5
5.47.5
5.98.0

0.10.3
0.10.3
0.10.3
0.10.3

0.20.3
0.30.7
0.51.1
0.40.8

Age

-Globulin

-Globulin

At birth

0.30.6

0.61.2

3 months
1 year
4 years

0.30.7
0.41.0
0.51.0

0.20.7
0.20.9
0.41.3

Females

4.25.5
4.15.0
4.04.9
4.25.3
3.85.4

Thyroid-stimulating Hormone (TSH) (P, S)

Premature infants:

Age

Sodium (P)

Males

15 mm/hr

2 years:

Females

Newborns

Proteins in Serum

Newborns6 months
6 months2 years
212 years
1218 years
18 years
Sedimentation Rate (Micro) (B)

Age

Potassium (S, P)

mm )

Age

3.86.2 mg/dL (1.232.0 mmol/L)

Value 10 / L. ( L

1
3

Values 10 / L. ( L

5.07.8 mg/dL (1.612.52 mmol/L)

Platelet Count (RBC)

Values are for cellulose acetate electrophoresis and are in g/dL. SI

conversion factor: g/dL 10 g/L.

Males

Females

130 days

0.5216.00

0.7213.10

1 month5 years
618 years

0.557.10
0.376.00

0.468.10
0.365.80

Age

Males

Females

130 days

5.921.5 (76276)

6.321.5 (81276)

112 months
13 years
46 years
712 years
1315 years
1618 years

6.413.9 (82179)
7.013.1 (90169)
6.112.6 (79162)
6.713.4 (86172)
4.811.5 (62148)
5.911.5 (76148)

4.913.7 (63176)
7.114.1 (91180)
7.214.0 (93180)
6.112.1 (79156)
5.811.2 (75144)
5.213.2 (67170)

Thyroxine (T4) (S, P)

Values in g/dL (nmol/L).

Throxine, Free (Free T4) (S, P)

Newborns:
0.802.78 ng/dL (1036 pmol/L)
112 months:
0.762.00 ng/dL (1026 pmol/L)
15 years:
0.901.72 ng/dL (1222 pmol/L)
610 years:
0.811.68 ng/dL (1022 pmol/L)
1115 years:
0.791.57 ng/dL (1020 pmol/L)
1618 years:
0.831.53 ng/dL (1120 pmol/L)
Thyroxine-binding Globulin (TBG) (P)1
112 months:
13 years:
46 years:
712 years:
1318 years:

16.232.9 mg/L
16.433.8 mg/L
16.630.8 mg/L
15.029.2 mg/L
13.428.7 mg/L

Triglycerides (S)

Males

Females

27125 (0.311.41)
32116 (0.361.31)
28129 (0.321.46)
24137 (0.271.55)
24145 (0.271.64)
34165 (0.381.86)
34140 (0.381.58)

Triiodothyronine (T3) (S, P)

52 mL/min/1.73 m

Urea Nitrogen (P)

13 years
413 years
1419 years

517 mg/dL (1.86.0 mmol/L)

717 mg/dL (2.56.0 mmol/L)
821 mg/dL (2.97.5 mmol/L)
2

Males:

Values in mg/dL (mmol/L)

13 years
46 years
79 years
1011 years
1213 years
1415 years
1619 years

3.517.3 mL/min/1.73 m
2
8.733 mL/min/1.73 m
2
4095 mL/min/1.73 m

Newborns:
212 months:
2 years:

Uric Acid (S, P)

Age

Urea Clearance
Premature infants:

27125 (0.311.41)
32116 (0.361.31)
28129 (0.321.46)
39140 (0.441.58)
37130 (0.421.47)
38135 (0.431.52)
37140 (0.421.58)

130 days

15210 ng/dL

112 months
15 years
610 years
1115 years
1618 years

50275 ng/dL
80258 ng/dL
96232 ng/dL
73211 ng/dL
69201 ng/dL

014 years:
14 years:
Females:

27 mg/dL (119416 mol/L)

38 mg/dL (178476 mol/L)

All ages:

27 mg/dL (119416 mol/L)

White Blood Cell Count (B)

3

Values 10 / mL. ( L = mm )
Age

Males

Females

Newborns

6.813.3

8.014.3

6 months2 years
26 years
612 years
1218 years
18 years

6.214.5
5.311.5
4.510.5
4.510.0
4.410.2

6.415.0
5.311.5
4.710.3
4.810.1
4.910.0

NORMAL VALUES: URINE

Addis Count

Catecholamines (Norepinephrine, Epinephrine)

Red cells (12-hr specimen):

1 million

White cells (12-hr specimen):

Casts (12-hr specimen):
Protein (12-hr specimen):

2 million
10,000
55 mg

Albumin

1100 mg/L

Second month:
212 months:

0.234 mg/L
0.519 mg/L

Ammonia

420 mEq/min/m

116 years:

616 mEq/min/m

1 year

20

15 years

40

615 years

80

15 years

100

Chloride

NOREPINEPHRINE
5.415.9
(3294)
8.130.8
(48182)
19.071.1
(112421)
34.487.0
(203514)

412 years:

TOTAL CATECHOLAMINES

AGE

212 months:

Calcium

Values in g/24 hr (nmol/24 hr).

First month:

48 mEq/L (24 mmol/L)

Infants:

1.78.5 mmol/24 hr

Children:
Adults:

1734 mmol/24 hr
140240 mmol/24 hr

EPINEPHRINE
0.14.3 (0.523.5)
0.89.1 (4.449.7)
1.310.5 (7.157.3)
3.513.2 (19.172.1)

Corticosteroids (17-Hydroxycorticosteroids)
02 years:
26 years:
610 years:
1014 years:
Creatine

24 mg/24 hr (5.511 mmol)

36 mg/24 hr (8.316.6 mmol)
68 mg/24 hr (16.622.1 mmol)
810 mg/24 hr (22.127.6 mmol)

1858 mg/L (1.374.42 mmol/L)

Phosphorus, Tubular Reabsorption

78%97%.
Porphyrins

-Aminolevulinic acid:
Porphobilinogen:
Coproporphyrin:
Uroporphyrin:
Potassium

Creatinine

07 mg/24 hr (053.4 mol/24 hr)

02 mg/24 hr (08.8 mol/24 hr)
0160 mg/24 hr (0244 mol/24 hr)
026 mg/24 hr (031 mol/24 hr)

Newborns:
Children:
Adult males:
Adult females:
Growth Hormone

710 mg/kg/24 hr
2030 mg/kg/24 hr
2126 mg/kg/24 hr
1622 mg/kg/24 hr
1

2.213.3 years (Tanner 1): 0.46.3 ng/24 hr (0.912.3 ng/g creatinine) 10.3
14.6 years (Tanner 2): 0.812.0 ng/24 hr (1.014.1 ng/g creatinine) 11.515.3
years (Tanner 3): 1.720.4 ng/24 hr (1.917.0 ng/g creatinine) 12.717.1

26123 mmol/L
Sodium

2
2

Infants: 0.33.5 mmol/24 hr (610 mmol/m )

Children and adults: 5.617 mmol/24 hr
Specific Gravity
1.0101.030

years (Tanner 4): 1.518.2 ng/24 hr (1.314.4 ng/g creatinine) 13.519.9

years (Tanner 5): 1.214.5 ng/24 hr (0.811.0 ng/g creatinine)

Homovanillic Acid
Children:
Adults:

316 g/mg of creatinine

24 g/mg of creatinine
2

Acid mucopolysaccharide screen should yield negative results. Positive

results after dialysis of the urine should be followed up with a thin-layer chromatogram for evaluation of the acid mucopolysaccharide excretion pattern.

Osmolality

Infants:
Older children:

3 mg/24 hr ( 5.1

Mucopolysaccharides

Urobilinogen

50600 mosm/L

mol/24 hr)

Vanillymandelic Acid (VMA)

Because of the difficulty in obtaining an accurately timed 24-hour

collection, values based on microgram per milligram of creatinine are
the most reliable indications of VMA excretion in young children.
112 months:
135 g/mg of creatinine (31135 mg/kg/24 hr)

12 years:
25 years:
510 years:
1015 years:
Adults:

501400 mosm/L

130 g/mg of creatinine

115 g/mg of creatinine
114 g/mg of creatinine
110 g/mg of creatinine
(17 mg/24 hr; 535 mmol/24hr)
17 g/mg of creatinine
(17 mg/24 hr; 535 mmol/24 hr)

NORMAL VALUES: FECES

Fat, Total

26 months:
6 months1 year:
Children:
Adolescents:
Adults:

0.31.3 g/d

4 g/d
3 g/d
5 g/d
7 g/d

NORMAL VALUES: SWEAT

Electrolytes

Normal:
40 mmol/L for both sodium and chloride.
Patients with cystic fibrosis: 60 mmol/L for both sodium and chloride.

NORMAL VALUES: CEREBROSPINAL FLUID

Protein

Glucose

Newborns:
1 month:

40120 mg/dL
2080 mg/dL

1 month:

1545 mg/dL

All ages: 60%80% of blood glucose