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CharacteristicModesbasedAntennaAnalysis

CMC2015(CharacteristicModeComputation):

TheCharacteristicModecalculationforanarbitraryshapedgeometryrequirestheimpedancematrixwhichcanbecalculatedbytheMethodofMoments(MoM).InordertoinvestigateandoptimizedintegratedantennasaMATLABbasedtoolCMChasbeen
programmed.Thisprogramhasgrowninthelastyearsandbecomesapowerfulltool,asithasbeenprovedincertainresearchprojects(e.g.MIMOorAutomotiveApplicationproject:KoAMo).ThecurrentversionexploitstheEFIE(ElectricFieldIntegral
Equation),MFIE(MagneticFieldIntegralEquation)andthePMCHWTformulationforlossydielectricandmagneticbodies.Thesurfacecurrentisthemainquantity,whichisusedtoanalyzetheradiationmechanismbasedontheequivalenceprinciple.The
popularRWG(RaoWiltonGlisson)basisfunctionisusedtomeshtheentiresurfacesintoplanetriangles.
ThegraphicaluserinterfaceisprogrammedinMATLABandtheaidoftheMSDNlibrary.Thevisualizationofthe3DobjectsandtheplotsarerealizedinOpenGL(TaoFramework:freeware,availablewww.sourceforge.net/projects/taoframework/).Thesoftware
ownsaCADinterfaceandaninternalmeshalgorithmfortheproposeofthecharacteristicmodecalculation.
Themainfeaturesofthesoftwareare:
CADInterfaceisincluded
Meshofthesurfaceintotriangles
MoMmatrixcalculationwithEFIE/MFIEandPMCHWT
ImportSTLandGMSHfiles
CharacteristicModeDecomposition
Lossydielectricandmagneticmaterials
Lumpedsourcesandplanewaveexcitation
Lumpedimpedancescanbeadded
Defineinfinitesizegroundplane
QFactorcalculation
Calculatecorrelationformultiportantennasystems
Lumpedimpedancematchingnetworkcanbeconnectedwithlumpedfeedports
Eigenvaluetrackingwithcorrelationandorthogonalizationbasedalgorithm
Adaptivefrequencycontrolforeigenvaluetracking
Powercoefficient

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Theory:

TheTheoryofCharacteristicModeshasbeenderivedbyGarbaczin1971first,anditisausefulmethodtodecomposethecomplexcurrentdistributionofanantennaintoitsfundamentalmodes.Theradiationpropertiesofthesemodesareoftenmuchsimplerto
understandthanthecomplexentirecurrentdistribution.

Thenumericalevaluationofthecharacteristicmodesrequirestheimpedancematrix,whichistypicallyobtainedbytheMethodofMoments.Oncetheimpedancematrixisavailable,thegeneralizedeigenvalueequationcanbeapplied.

RandXaretherealandimaginarypartoftheimpedancematrixofthestructure,respectively.

Reconstruction:
Asothersoftware,e.g.EmpireXCcel,areusedforantennadesignthecharacteristicmodescannotbecalculated,astheimpedancematrixisusuallynotavailable.Inordertoovercomethisdrawbackareconstructionisneeded,whichapproximatestheimpactofthe
characteristicmodesbytheradiatedfarfield.Amathematicalconcepttoreconstructthecharacteristicmodesofacomplexstructure,treatedwithEmpire,andthegeneralknowledgeaboutthemodesonasimplifiedstructure,treatedwithMGUI,hasbeendeveloped.
Theapproachisbasedontheassumptionthatthecomplexantennacontainsthesamemodesasthesimplifiedstructure.Theenvelopecorrelationallowsforasimpleestimationofthecoefficientsofmodesand,therefore,thecontributionintotheoverallpower
budget.

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Reconstructionofarectangularplateexcitedbyaplanewavepolarizedalongthemajoraxisforsixsignificantcharacteristicmodes.ThelinesdenotethenormalizedcoefficientofthereferencecalculatedwithCMC.Thedashedlinesdenotethereconstructionwith
themethod.Theresultisscaledin|bn|[dB]=20log10(|bn|).

ImpedanceMatchingNetworkinCMC:
Fromearlierpublications,itiswidelyknownthattheplacementoflumpedelements,e.g.attheportposition,haveasignificantinfluenceonthemodeexcitationandtheimpedancematchingoftherespectiveports.Incommonantennadesignstheinput
impedanceatthefrontendoftheportismatchedwithanadditionalimpedancematchingnetworktoachievetherequiredbandwidthatthefrequencybandsofinterest.Thereactivenetwork,whichistypicallydesignedoutofcapacitancesandinductances,shiftsthe
resonanceofthecharacteristicmodesdownandupinfrequency.ThecharacteristicmodesundertheinfluenceofsuchnetworkcanbecalculatedwithsomeMoMimpedancematrixmodifications.
Forthis,asimpledipoleantennaisassumed,whichisplacedinfreespace.Thedipoleisfeedinthecenter,asdenotedinthebelowfigure.

ThematchingnetworkisaddedintheMoMimpedancematrixwith:

Withtheaidofthismodifiedmatrixthecharacteristicmodesundertheinfluenceoftheimpedancematchingnetworkcanbeanalyzed.Thesameprinciplecanbeusediflossycomponentsareincludedinthenetwork.Thenextfigureshowstheeigenvalueofthe
newmodifiedcharacteristicmodesofthedipole.

Publications:

1.Safin,E.,Martens,R.andManteuffel,D.,"ModalSourceReconstructionBasedonRadiatedFarFieldforAntennaDesign",InAntennasandPropagation(EUCAP),20126thEuropeanConferenceon.,march,2012.,pp.16451649.
DOI
[Abstract]

[BibTeX]

Wepresentamathematicaltechniquetoreconstructthemodalcurrentdistributiononarbitraryantennasfromtheradiatedfarfieldandgeneralknowledgeaboutthemodesinvolved.Themethodleadstogoodresultsifthe
radiationmechanismoftheactualantennacanbeapproximatedbythecurrentdistributiononasimplifiedstructure.Thecurrentdistributionofthesimplifiedstructureisdecomposedintoitscharacteristicmodesandtherelated
modalfarfieldiscalculated.Assumingthatthefarfieldoftheactualantennacontainsthesamemodes,theirweightingcoefficientsarecalculatedbycomparingthefarfieldoftheactualantennatothemodalfarfieldofthe
simplifiedstructure.Itcanbeshownthattheweightingcoefficientsofallsignificantmodescanbereconstructedwithgoodaccuracy.

@inproceedings{6205814,
author={Safin,E.andMartens,R.andManteuffel,D.},
title={Modalsourcereconstructionbasedonradiatedfarfieldforantennadesign},
booktitle={AntennasandPropagation(EUCAP),20126thEuropeanConferenceon},
year={2012},
pages={16451649},
doi={10.1109/EuCAP.2012.6205814}
}

2.SafinE.andManteuffel,D.,"ResonanceBehaviourofCharacteristicModesDuetothePresenceofDielectricObjects",InAntennasandPropagation(EUCAP),20137thEuropeanConferenceon.,April2013.
[Abstract]

Inthispaperwepresentamodalanalysisofdielectricbodiesofarbitraryshape.Theproblemofadielectricbodyisreformulatedintoequivalentelectricandmagneticsurfacecurrents.Usingtheweighedeigenvalueequationthe
characteristicmodesoftheequivalentproblemarecalculated.Aphysicalinterpretationoftheeigenvalueofthedielectriccharacteristicmodesispresentedanddiscussed.

3.Safin,E.andManteuffel,D.,"ReconstructionoftheCharacteristicModesonanAntennaBasedontheRadiatedFarField,",AntennasandPropagation,IEEETransactionson,vol.61,no.6,pp.2964,2971,June2013.DOI
[Abstract]

[BibTeX]

Inthispaper,wepresentamethodtoreconstructthemodalcurrentdistributiononanantennafromtheradiatedfarfieldandgeneralknowledgeaboutthemodesinvolved.Themethodleadstogoodresultsiftheradiation
mechanismoftheantennacanbeapproximatedbythecurrentdistributiononasimplifiedstructure.Thecurrentdistributionofthesimplifiedstructureisdecomposedintoitscharacteristicmodesandtherelatedmodalfarfield
iscalculated.Assumingthatthefarfieldoftheactualantennacontainsthesamemodes,theirweightingcoefficientsarecalculatedbycomparingthefarfieldoftheactualantennatothemodalfarfieldofthesimplifiedstructure.
Itcanbeshownthattheweightingcoefficientsofallsignificantmodescanbereconstructedwithgoodaccuracyevenforcomplexrealstructuressuchasmobilephones.

@ARTICLE{6473830,
author={Safin,E.andManteuffel,D.},
journal={AntennasandPropagation,IEEETransactionson},
title={ReconstructionoftheCharacteristicModesonanAntennaBasedontheRadiatedFarField},
year={2013},
volume={61},
number={6},
pages={29642971},
abstract={Inthispaper,wepresentamethodtoreconstructthemodalcurrentdistributiononanantennafromtheradiatedfarfieldandgeneralknowledgeaboutthemodesinvolved
keywords={Antennas;Correlation;Currentdistribution;Eigenvaluesandeigenfunctions;Equations;Mathematicalmodel;Surfaceimpedance;Antennaradiationpattern;antennatheory;eigenval
doi={10.1109/TAP.2013.2251312},
ISSN={0018926X},},
}

mode_ani.gif

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pageinformation
contact:Martens
Lastchange:Dec21,2012
ChristianAlbrechtsUniversittzuKiel

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