CYLINDRICAL SHELL THICKNESS CALCULATION

An excellent web based tool for cylindrical shell thickness calculation under internal
pressure. It also gives allowable Stress of material at a desired design temperature. This
and many other tool for Pressure Vessel design as per ASME Section VIII Div. 1 would be
useful for Static Equipment Engineer.
Cylinder thickness calculation is based on para UG-27 of ASME Section VIII Division 1
2011 edition code book.
Where in cylinder thickness due to circumferential stress is given by:
t = P * R/ (2SE 0.6P)
where,
t = Cylinder thickness in corroded condition
P = Design pressure
R = Cylinder Inside radius in corroded condition
S = Maximum Allowable Stress at design temperature
E= Joint Efficiency
This tool also calculate cylinder thickness on OD basis as per Appendix 1-1 of ASME
Section VIII Div. 1, which is
t = P * Ro/(SE + 0.4P)
where,
Ro = Cylinder outside diameter

ELLIPSOIDAL HEAD THICKNESS CALCULATION

An excellent web based tool for Ellipsoidal Head thickness calculation under internal
pressure. It also gives allowable Stress of material at a desired design temperature. This
and many other tool for Pressure Vessel design as per ASME Section VIII Div. 1 would be
useful for Static Equipment Engineer.
Ellipsoidal Head thickness calculation is based on para UG-32(d) of ASME Section VIII
Division 1 2011 edition code book.
Where in Ellipsoidal Head thickness is given by:
t = P * D/(2SE 0.2P)
where,
t = head thickness in corroded condition
P = Design pressure
D = inside diameter of head skirt
S = Maximum Allowable Stress at design temperature
E= Joint Efficiency

This tool also calculate head thickness on OD basis as per Appendix 1-4(c) of ASME
Section VIII Div. 1, which is
t = P * Do*K/(2SE + 2P(K-0.1))
where,
Do = outside diameter of Head
K = a factor for ellipsoidal Head calculation.

CONE THICKNESS CALCULATION

An excellent web based tool for Cone thickness calculation under internal pressure. It
also gives allowable Stress of material at a desired design temperature. This and many
other tool for Pressure Vessel design as per ASME Section VIII Div. 1 would be useful for
Static Equipment Engineer.
Cone thickness calculation is based on para UG-32(g) of ASME Section VIII Division 1
2011 edition code book.
Where in Cone thickness is given by:
t = P * D/2cos(SE 0.6P)
where,
t = Cone thickness
P = Design pressure
D = Inside diameter
= Apex Angle
S = Maximum Allowable Stress at design temperature
E = Joint Efficiency

This tool also calculate head thickness on OD basis as per Appendix 1-4(e) of ASME
Section VIII Div. 1, which is
t = P * Do/(2cos (SE + 0.4P))
where,
Do = Outside diameter of Cone

TORISPHERICAL HEAD THICKNESS CALCULATION

An excellent web based tool for Torispherical head thickness calculation under internal
pressure. It also gives allowable Stress of material at a desired design temperature. This
and many other tool for Pressure Vessel design as per ASME Section VIII Div. 1 would be
useful for Static Equipment Engineer.
Torispherical head thickness calculation is based on Appendix 1-4(d) (3) of ASME Section
VIII Division 1 2011 edition code book.
Where in Torispherical Head thickness is given by:
t = P*L*M/(2SE 0.2P)
where,
t = Torispherical head thickness
P = Design pressure
L = Crown Radius
M = 0.25*(3+(L/R)0.5)
R = Knuckle Radius
S = Maximum Allowable Stress at design temperature
E = Joint Efficiency
This tool also calculate head thickness on OD basis as per Appendix 1-4(d)(4) of ASME
Section VIII Div. 1, which is
t = P * Lo*M/(2SE +P(M-0.2))
where,
Lo = Outside Crown Radius

FLAT HEAD THICKNESS CALCULATION

An excellent web based tool for Flat head thickness calculation under internal pressure.
It also gives allowable Stress of material at a desired design temperature. This and

many other tool for Pressure Vessel design as per ASME Section VIII Div. 1 would be
useful for Static Equipment Engineer.
Flat head thickness calculation is based on para UG-34(c)(2) of ASME Section VIII
Division 1 2011 edition code book.
Where in Flat Head thickness is given by:
t = D (CP/SE)0.5
where,
t = Cone thickness
D = Diameter
C = Factor
P = Design pressure
S = Maximum Allowable Stress at design temperature
E = Joint Efficiency

SPHERICAL THICKNESS CALCULATION

An excellent web based tool for Spherical head thickness calculation under internal
pressure. It also gives allowable Stress of material at a desired design temperature. This
and many other tool for Pressure Vessel design as per ASME Section VIII Div. 1 would be
useful for Static Equipment Engineer.
Spherical head thickness calculation is based on para UG-27(d) of ASME Section VIII
Division 1 2011 edition code book.
Where in Spherical Head thickness is given by:
t = P * R/(2SE 0.2P)
where,
t = head thickness
P = Design pressure
R = Inside Radius
S = Maximum Allowable Stress at design temperature
E = Joint Efficiency
This tool also calculate head thickness on OD basis as per Appendix 1-1(a)(2) of ASME
Section VIII Div. 1, which is
t = P * Ro/(2SE +0.8P)
where,
Ro = D/2
D = Diameter

NOZZLE NECK THICKNESS CALCULATION

For the first time,a real quick web based calculation tool that would calculate the nozzle
neck thickness for pressure vessel designed as per ASME Section VIII Div.1.
This tool perform calculation,meeting to the requirements of UG-45 of ASME Boiler and
Pressure Vessel code,Section VIII Div.1
Material Allowable Stress Values for given material at given design Temperature has
been taken from ASME Secation II Part D Edition 2011. Soon this will be updated to
edition 2013.
Though a small tool,it has many options to select from:
1. Select different type of elements like Cylinder,Elliptical,Torispherical and
Hemispherical Head.
2.Select Element Diameter based on inside or outside basis.For inside diameter basis it
perform cylinder calculation as per UG-27 and for outside diameter as per Appendix 1-1
of ASME section VIII Div.1
3. For Nozzle have the option to calculate based on Nominal Pipe Size or actual pipe
diameter.

2:1 ELLIPSOIDAL HEAD BLANK DIAMETER

This K-SECAL small help tool calculates the 2:1 Ellipsoidal Head Blank Diameter. Head
is formed from a circular plate of approximate blank diameter calculated using below
empirical formula. This diameter is good for initial planning and weight estimation.
OD + OD/24 + 2SF +2/3KR + (THK in case head thickness is equal to or greater than 25
mm/1 INCH)
Confirm with Head manufacturer before cutting the blank. Every manufacturer based on
forming method have different diameter requirement.
Along with 2:1 Ellipsoidal Head Blank Diameter this tool also calculates head volume
and blank weight. Select different type of metals from drop down for weight calculation.
Select FPS unit to calculate diameter in inch.
Compare above data between different types of heads (Hemispherical and Torispherical)
by selecting from drop down.

Following formula has been used for calculating the Ellipsoidal head blank diameter:
For plate thickness less than 25 mm / 1.0 inch
Blank Diameter = D + (D/42) + (2*S.F)+ ((2/3) * Kr)
For plate thickness equal or more than 25 mm / 1.0 inch
Blank Diameter = D + (D/42) + (2*S.F) + ((2/3) * Kr)+ thk
where,
D = Outside Diameter of Ellipsoidal Head
S.F. = Straight Face
Kr = 0.17*D = Knuckle Radius
thk = Thickness of Head
HEAD VOLUME

Ellipsoidal Head Volume = ( * D )/ 24 + (* D * S.F )/ 4

where,
= 3.141
D = Inside Diameter of Ellipsoidal Head
S.F. = Straight Face
HEAD BLANK WEIGHT

Blank Weight = ( * BD * thk * )/ 4

where,
= 3.141
BD = Blank Diameter
thk = Thickness of Head
= Density of Material

TORISPHERICAL HEAD BLANK DIAMETER

K-secal small help tool calculates the Torispherical Head Blank Diameter. Diameter is
required for the fabrication of head from plate. Along with diameter this tool also
calculates head blank weight and Volume. For weight you have the option to select
different type of metals. Select FPS unit to calculate diameter in inch.
This tool also has the option to select different type of heads (2:1 Ellipsoidal and
Hemispherical) thus instantly comparing the data between three different type of head.
For torispherical head the knuckle radius =0.6 times the vessel diameter has been
considered.

Following formula has been used for calculating the torispherical head blank diameter:
For plate thickness less than 25 mm / 1.0 inch
Blank Diameter = D + (D/42) + (2*S.F)+ ((2/3) * Kr)
For plate thickness equal or more than 25 mm / 1.0 inch
Blank Diameter = D + (D/42) + (2*S.F) + ((2/3) * Kr)+ thk
where,
D = Outside Diameter of Torispherical Head
S.F. = Straight Face
Kr = 0.06*D = Knuckle Radius
thk = Thickness of Head
HEAD VOLUME

Torispherical Head Volume = (0.0847 * D ) + ( * D * S.F )/ 4

where,
= 3.141
D = Inside Diameter of Torispherical Head
S.F. = Straight Face
HEAD BLANK WEIGHT

Blank Weight = ( * BD * thk * )/ 4

where,
= 3.141
BD = Blank Diameter
thk = Thickness of Head
= Density of Material

HEMISPHERICAL HEAD BLANK DIAMETER

K-secal small help tool calculates the Hemispherical Head Blank Diameter. Diameter is
required for the fabrication of head from plate. Along with diameter this tool also
calculates head blank weight and Volume. For weight you have the option to select
different type of metals. Select FPS unit to calculate diameter in inch.
This tool also has the option to select different type of heads (2:1 Ellipsoidal and
Torispherical) thus instantly comparing the data between three different types of head.

Following formula has been used for calculating the hemispherical head blank diameter:
Blank Diameter = ( * D)/2
where,
= 3.141
D = Outside Diameter of Hemispherical Head
HEAD VOLUME

Hemispherical Head Volume = ( * D )/12

where,
= 3.141
D = Inside Diameter of Hemispherical Head
HEAD BLANK WEIGHT

Blank Weight = ( * D * thk * )/ 16

where,
= 3.141
D = Outside Diameter of Hemispherical Head
thk = Thickness of Head
= Density of Material

CONE DEVELOPMENT

K-secal provide many help tools for the ease of fabrication of Pressure Vessel, Heat
Exchanger and other fabricated equipment. From many tools that you would find on this
portal this tools helps to create development of a Cone. This tool also instantly
calculates and gives you the volume and finished weight of the cone.

For weight you have the option to select different type of metals. Select FPS unit to get
dimension in inch.

Following formulas have been used for creating development of cone.

R = D[h + 0.25 (D - d)]0.5 / (D - d)
E = R - [h + 0.25 (D - d)]0.5
Angle = D/R * 180
where,
h = Height of cone
D = Larger inner diameter of cone
d = Small inner diameter of cone
CONE VOLUME

Cone Volume = 0.262 * h(D + d + Dd )

where,
h = Height of cone
D = Larger inner diameter of cone
d = Small inner diameter of cone
CONE WEIGHT

*Blank Weight = A * B * thk *

Length A = 2 * R sin(/2) + C
Width B = R - E cos(/2) + C
where,
C = 25 (In mm)
C = 1 (In inch)
thk = Thickness of Cone
= Density of Material
* Subject Cone weight is the weight of rectangular plate from which the cone
development would be cut out.

HORIZONTAL VESSEL PARTIAL VOLUME

K-secal endeavor is to make design and engineering for static equipment engineer an
efforts less activity. For this many small help tools are being created for the ease in
design & fabrication of Pressure Vessel, Heat Exchanger and other fabricated
equipment. Subject tool calculates the Horizontal Vessel Partial Volume instantly as you
enter the numbers. It calculate the volume both in horizontal and vertical orientation. It
also has the option to select different type of heads (end closure).
The biggest advantage is that it calculate the partial volume of different type of formed
head in both orientation.
Use SI/FPS unit tab to perform calculation in SI or FPS.
Note: The liquid height is from the inside bottom of the head in vertical orientation and
from bottom of cylinder in horizontal orientation.

Following formulas have been used to calculate Vessel Partial Volume:

A = 0.0175 COS-1[( D-2 HL)/D]
B = [1-(( D-2 HL)/D)2 ]0.5
HCPV = 0.25DL [ 0.0175AD-B(D-2HL) ]
1. With hemispherical head:
( 1.57DHDE 1.05HDE ) + HCPV
2. With ellipsoidal head:
( 0.785DHDE 0.523HDE) + HCPV
3. With torispherical head:
( 0.508DHDE 0.338HDE) + HCPV
4. With flat head:
HCPV
where,
D = Inside Diameter of Vessel
HDE = Height of liquid in dishend
HL = Height of liquid in shell
A = Constant
B = Constant
VERTICAL VESSEL PARTIAL VOLUME

1. With hemispherical head:

( 0.785DHTDE 1.05 HTDE ) + 0.785DHL + ( 1.57D HBDE 1.05 HBDE )
2. 2. With ellipsoidal head:
( 0.785DHTDE 4.188 HTDE ) + 0.785DHL + ( 3.14D HBDE 4.188 HBDE)
3. 3. With torispherical head:
( 0.785DHTDE 7.480 HTDE ) + 0.785DHL + ( 4.841D HBDE 9.96 HBDE )
4. 4. With flat head:
0.785DHL

where,
D = Inside Diameter of Vessel
HTDE = Height of liquid in top dishend
HBDE = Height of liquid in bottom dishend
HL = Height of liquid in shell

VESSEL VOLUME

K-secal endeavor is to make design and engineering for static equipment engineer an
efforts less activity. For this many small help tools are being created for the ease in
design & fabrication of Pressure Vessel, Heat Exchanger and other fabricated
equipment. Subject tool calculates the vessel volume both in horizontal and vertical
orientation, full or partial volume. It also has the option to select different type of heads
(end closure).
The biggest advantage is that it also calculate the partial volume of different type of
formed head in both orientation.
Use SI/FPS unit tab to perform calculation in SI or FPS.
Note:The liquid height is from the inside bottom of the head in vertical orientation and
from bottom of cylinder in horizontal orientation.
2:1 Ellipsoidal head vessel full volume
Volume = ( * D )/ 12 + (* D * L )/ 4
where,
= 3.141
D = Inside Diameter of Vessel
L = Length tan to tan
Torispherical head vessel full volume
Volume = (0.1694 * D ) + (* D * L )/ 4
where,
= 3.141
D = Inside Diameter of Vessel
L = Length tan to tan
Hemispherical head vessel full volume
Volume = ( * D )/ 6 + (* D * L )/ 4
where,
= 3.141
D = Inside Diameter of Vessel
L = Length tan to tan