KEY SECURITY CHALLENGES

IN AFRICA
By
General ML Agwai
Former Force Commander
African Union/ United Nations Hybrid Operation
in Darfur
(UNAMID)

11 May 2010
 INTRODUCTION

 End of Cold War and Africa.

 Internal Conflicts.

 Transition to Democracy.
CAUSES OF INSECURITY
Several

Political Factors
Economic Factors
Population (Rural/Urban)
Transnational/Organized Crimes
Ethno-Religious Extremism
Proliferation of Small Arms
Porous Borders
EFFECTS OF CONFLICT
DISPLACEMENT
Refugees
REDUCING INSECURITY

 Continental Organizational
Efforts.

 Regional Bodies and their Efforts.

 National Efforts.
REDUCING INSECURITY (Agriculture)
REDUCING INSECURITY (Causes of Creating
Militias in Africa)
REDUCING INSECURITY (Political Monarchy)
REDUCING INSECURITY (Disarmament
Demobilization and Reintegration)
REDUCING INSECURITY(Credible Elections)
REDUCING INSECURITY (Protection of Civilians)
REDUCING INSECURITY (Provision of
Education and Equipment)

Untutored courage is useless

in the face of educated bullets.
Gen George S. Patton, Jr, in the Cavalry Journal, April, 1922.
REDUCING INSECURITY (Security Sector Reform)
REDUCING INSECURITY (Need for Education
and Training)

The government is a murderer of its

citizens which sends them to the
field uninformed and untaught, where
they are to meet men of the same and
strength mechanized by education
and discipline for battle.
Major General Henry ‘Light horse Harry’ Lee (1756-1888)
 CONCLUSION

Education and energy are

essential ingredients for
development, progress and
stability.
Thank
You