KEY OVERVIEW OF AP BIOLOGY LABS Lab 4: Diffusion and Osmosis ‘Some potato cores are placed into different molar solutions. Create a graph of the expected change in mass of the cores for the different concentrations. List the 2 components affecting water potential of a system: f « Solute Potential pressure potential 2 . A cell placed into a hypertonic solution will shrink, swell, or stay the same?__.Sia |G A cell placed into a hypotonic solution will shrink, swell, or stay the same? SW? AL A cell placed into a isotonic solution will shrink, swell, or stay the same? Wi te Same What is plasmolysis? shaniung of cell ble wekr ects inte © hypertonic Sdudion Which beaker(s) contain(s) a solution that is hypertonic to the bag? A. Beaker 3 B. Beakers 2 and 4 Z kao) hea) Ke (©)Beakers 1, 2.and 5D. Beaker 4 caead [tes] | SCSI eaters send ee he Which bag would you predict to show the least change in mass at the end of the experiment? (©) The bag in Beaker 3 D. The bag in Beaker 4 _E. The bag in Beaker 5 Arrange the beakers in order of the mass of the bags inside them after the experiment has, run for 30 minutes. List the bag that loses the most mass first. A.1,2,3,4,5 B. C.4,3,2,5, D.In beaker B, what is the water potential of the distilled water in the beaker, and of the beet core? " E : distilled Heo = A. Water potential in the beaker = 0, water potential << —— in the beet core = 0 a a —— ater potential in the beaker = 0, water potential =f oisttted {Distilled ee eee: ihe beet core = -0.2 {-neet Yp=04 {Beet Yb =02 Yi =-04 "re yt s-04 C. Water potential in the beaker = 0, water potential 7 ; in the beet core = 0.2 D. Water potential in the beaker cannot be calculated, water potential in the beet core = 0.2 E, Water potential in the beaker cannot be calculated, water potential in the beet care = -0.2 Which of the following statements is true for the diagrams? Se pe te ‘ Ceo oniyin a_plant celL- —~ = @rne beet core in beaker Ais a¥/equilirium with , surrounding water. B. The beet core in beaker B will lose water to the surrounding environment. [ap poistine | water L-nest Yeo or ye. -04 C. The beet core in beaker B would be more turgid than the beet core in beaker A. D. The beet core in beaker A is likely to gain so much water that its cells will rupture. Se cer Lab 2: Enzyme Catalysis i Gugar) Cemalar Contention What do enzymes do? How do they work? ria i= 2sait) — Re.963| titer ber Speed up chemical reactions b 2025.0 +0, T2273 RO OK lowering ackvation ent What was the substrate in this experiment? H 202 What was the purpose of the H»SO, and how did it work? stops ladaluysis of Ha02 : dist bre { the detve sHe Is the consumption of the substrate linear (yes or no)?__ YES E. The cells in beet core B are likely to undergo plasmolysis. Generally, raising the temperature causes the reaction rate to increase or decrease? (ie. 1SC What eventually happens to enzyme action as the temperature continues to increase and why? increases: hen drops because enzyme is denthwed Create a graph of the amount of product formed over time as a result of an enzymatic reaction. H also aHects enzyme furcon P 2 AY Rote> Ay yo 20 ime (animes) °°Lab 3: Mitosis and Meiosis List the cell cycle and what happens to the chromosomal material in each. In which phase do cells spend most of their time? inten phe Se. What is crossing-over? Duri Prophase T (synapsie) homologous Chromosomes exehange pieces Under a’microscope it is noticed that about 33% of the asci show crossover, what are the distance mapping units? R= oe _ ‘To UroSS OVENS, a3) Z=|b.5 mapunits ee ee How can you tell if genes are linked? How can you calculate linkage map distance? MN spn 0% Ex AaB x aabb AaBb a A aie A a f 4 0b bo dabb Hb+52_ 327 oe Moe Bh & aabb—>complet linuage 48 Ano. $704 ee Bh & 42 Aobb Bb Draw a pair of chromosomes in‘ 2nd Mil ahd show how you would get a 2:23 arrangement of Zamu. crossing over. No Crossing Wer oe @-OO-28 occurs if: Lab 4: Plant Pigment and Photosynthesis How does chromatography work? Separates pigments based m ynolecwlarsize and solubility Using the tablé below, calculate the R; values for the pigments. (The solvent front moved 100 mm) Band # Distance (mm) R;Value 1 10 10 2g 35 3a | IE 3 42 a2: | 4 3 66 |‘at was the purpose of DPIP in the experiment fils an _€- acceotor-trom excited lop ‘Some chlorop Loe eR Cee alan RCo AMES | en a aa ne et them are boile eather Halla le One half of these collections are then placed into either dark6r lighted situations. They are allowed to incubate and grow and are then placed into a spectrophotometer to measure the absorbance. Using the table below, estimate absorbance values and write each value in the appropriate box. Cuvette (a Ee 20 30 unboiled/dark 30°. SS Yok Sus ° 0 One unboiled/light JOE 60% 0% 10% 2c9, + ; boiled/light 325%, Su Bor 35% a ° 2 | 35% 35% Aa) 35% No chlor q 5 ; ° (control) 30%. BOM: 30%, 30% Plot the percent transmittance of your projected results. unboiledsliqht 3 ae 3) § a ae a 8 toiled light Xe < af boiled. dark time _Estimate the amount of oxygen consumed in the conditions listed in the following table. Conditions mL Oxygen Consumed per Minute Germinating peas @ 5 degrees Celsius 08 Germinating peas @ Room Temperature S0ZE Dry Peas @ 5 degrees Celsius 24 Z ____Dry Peas @ Room Temperature Oe | ) : ; What was the purpose of the beads? Keeps ediual volume invial ble diy peas tale Me mae aren iene rang ici What was the purpose of the KOH? (umihined 12 tyform asl ‘What happens to the temperature of a gas when the pressure increases (assuming volume rs remains constant)? = because Kinetic energy val increase, What happens to the volume of a gas when the temperature decreases (assuming pressure remains constant)? Wes alco decreases mowLab 6: Molecular Bioloay How does a restriction enzyme work? Produced by baceria - Splice DNA at certain Sites At what location in the cell do endonucleases work? DNA palindromes are cleaved. What is a plasmid? , : attra. 1099 of DIVA in loaclenathat generally codes or antibictic, Which fragments of DNA migrate further along a gel electrophoresis plate, long or short reSiSTANCE, pe choi fragments From the information below, construct a restriction map of the pUC23 for enzymes EcoRI and BamHI. EcoRI & EcoRI BamHI BamHil ===) 20kb | ——— kb 8kb 6 kb 3kb cs 2 dansLab 7: Genetics & Chi Square What does Chi square measure? a states: isno Stab stical significance between di Sen observed and expected results What are. ne chan es of getting the genotype AaBBDD from a cross of ‘oe x AaBl i sz a =e Complete the oe table for the following incomplete dominance monohybrid cross: = fur; Bb = = as Be Bb x Bb where BB = black fur; Bb = brown fur; bb = white fur ZBb tbo 4BB Ln ei ‘Observed Phenotype Expected Phenotype Chi Square 30 Black 25 eS | 40 Brown 50 ee 2 30 White ZS ES | At the 0.05 probability level, are the results significantly different from what was expected? & = 4+ B-l= Z degreeg of freedom-= 5.99 based meritieal valuecharts Lab 8: Population Genetics x results dre statishanlly What are the 5 assumptions for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? waninreicen=s e breed J ondom mati __ No vandom muittims {0 ion mm er tm Jo nats For what does each of the following stand? p= requdeay of nveygaus dow inant phenotype /fenchype 2 freaiiency of hontozigacus vecesive Phenotype /genoty pe q 0? +2pq = fcuenty of donsiowate prenotype ~ Solve the following: A In a Hardy-Weinberg population. the frequency of fhe @ allele is 0.4. What isthe frequency of individuals with Aa genotype? ‘ A Qe [36 [24 ° ALZAT IG B. Ina population with two alleles, A and a, the frequency of a is 0.6. What would be frequency of heterozygotes if the population is in Hardy-Weinberg aed - A 48% af 2 s 24 [36 C. Why is the heterozygous condition for sickle-cell anemia favorable against mafaria’ halts the inestittion of the vnalavial plasmodian. ble of the sole shape.Lab 9: Transpiration hey rtin bewsed to measure Aranspivation ride, What is a potometer? What is its fun Device used to measure rode oF waltir uptate by ashoot’ Using the following conditions, create a graph showing the relationship between the amount of transpiration and time. Then, write a short explanation of the physiological responses because of the environmental conditions. CONDITIONS: —Meastured water loss fey 30" ‘A. Aplant at room temperature = Mies , B. A plant in humid conditions Calewakd tial fhe C. A plant in high light conditions sing cm oper D. A plant in very windy conditions ny n vee e 8 ~ Se E 6 ss a 2. oj 2 a ‘e 2 a 1 0 ° lo Time22 30 (minutes Lab 10: Physiology What is systolic pressure? press? i reries When ventricles corthnct What is diastolic pressure? : ea we in drteries when venmeles rela What does it mean to have high blood pressure? there hiaherthan normal Dressune inthe akries Why does your heart rate go up when you exercise? ié plag. Ué oxygen needs to be Supplied ‘legate Why does your heart rate go up when you are vertical vs. horizontal gaaviny : : sympathenic. dwousal Is higherLab 14: Behavior Define taxis and give an example: moving to/ away ASTiMul Us ex. Bravitroplsm- Define kinesis and give an example: movin ey ex.D phaa sinmwoamaelay b pond Define negative phototaxis an give an exampl Moving owoy from light — ex. millinedes crawling wurde gia pale Lab 42: Dissolved Oxygen and Primary Productivity raph showing the relationship between temperature and the percent saturation of dissolved oxygen. a. Create a graph showing the relationship between the amount oe reece PE PU tot productivity. wey oo Create a graph that shows the relationship ocechiflt Srount of oxygen consumed by photosynthetic organisms and the amount of carbon fixed. : Same 0S Grose Productive Re with on» Initial D.O.- Dark bo. : . ComsPraluctiaty = Light bO. Dene PO. yet Prutuetivity = Boss” Respicatio How is a a. read? ‘ used rule Remember: % dissolved OX burthion: Netz (L-b)-(t-) iQ i wiles is lower sii! fal iy? uu espiration Use of O2 is subtnoted- What process occurs at Ee in water systems that lowers the amount of oxygen? ene Access the following website for additional laboratory review and quizzes: http:/Awww.phschool.com/science/biology_place/labbench/index.htm!