Jagandeep Mokha

Bliss
AP, Per. 4
March 24, 2016
The Presidency: Leadership Branch
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Presidential Powers

Article II states: the executive power shall be vested in a

President of the United States of America. Some experts argue
that the executive powers covers almost everything not granted
to the legislative branch or judiciary, while others believe that
the president relatively short list of enumerated powers suggest
that the framers wanted a more limited executive.
Although short, Article II does address foreign threats and the
day-to-day operations of government, establishing the
president's authority to play three central roles in the new
government:
(1) commander in chief: The Constitution explicitly states that
the president is to be commander in chief of the army and navy.
It is a fundamental expression of the president's role in
protecting the nation as a whole.
(2) diplomat in chief: Article II also makes the president
negotiator in chief of treaties with foreign nations, which must
be presented to the Senate and approved by a two-thirds vote.
(3) administrator in chief: By giving the president the power to
require the opinion of the principal officer in each of the
executive departments "upon any subject relating to the duties
of their respective offices," the Constitution puts the president in
charge of the day-to-day operation of the federal bureaucracy.
As we shall see, the president also has the responsibility to
appoint ambassadors, judges, and all other officers of the United
States, including the heads of executive departments, with the
advice and consent of a majority of the Senate.

Whats is a Pocket Veto?

Additional Powers: (l) the power to appoint judges and officers of government; (2) the power to veto legislation, which
serves as a check on Congress; (3) the power to grant pardons to
individuals convicted of federal, but not state, crimes, thereby
providing a check against the judiciary; (4) the power to take
care that the laws are faithfully executed; and (5) the power to
inform and convene Congress.
A variation of the veto is the pocket veto. In the ordinary course

of events, if a president does not sign or veto a bill within ten

days after receiving it (not counting Sundays), the bill becomes
law without the president's signature. But if Congress adjourns
within the days it can kill the bill.
Privateness of the President

Budget

The Cabinet

Role of the First Lady

Important Terms

The Constitution divides the war power between the president

and Congress. Article I states that Congress has the power to
declare war, but Article II gives the president the power to wage
war as commander in chief.
The Constitution does not give presidents the explicit power to
withhold information from Congress or the public. However,
courts have recognized that presidents have the power, or
executive privilege, to keep secrets, especially if doing so is
essential to protect jeopardized national security.
Congress dominated the budget-making process until 1921 ,
when it approved the Budget and Accounting Act. That law
required the president to submit annual budgets to Congress,
and it established the Bureau of the Budget.
It is hard to find a more unusual institution than the president's
cabinet. The cabinet is not specifically mentioned in the
Constitution, yet since George Washington's administration,
every president has had one. Washington's consisted of his
secretaries of state, treasury, and war, plus his attorney general.
In recent decades, however, the first lady has steadily become
more prominent as a policy adviser to the president, in part
because the
media have become so aggressive in covering the White House.
Parliamentary system A system of government in which the
legislature selects the prime minister or president.
Presidential ticket The joint listing of the presidential and vice
presidential candidates on the same ballot as required by the
Twelfth Amendment.
Executive agreement A formal agreement between the U.S.
president and the leaders of other nations that does not require
Senate approval.
Congressional-executive agreement A formal agreement
between a U.S. president and the leaders of other nations that

acquires approval by both houses of Congress.

Veto A formal decision to reject the bill passed by Congress.

Impoundment - A decision by the president not to spend money

appropriated by Congress, now prohibited under Federal law.
Line item veto Presidential power to strike, or remove,
specific items from a spending bill without vetoing the entire
package; declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.

Rally point A rising public approval of the president that

follows a crisis as Americans rally round the flag and the
chief executive.
Mandate A presidents claim of broad public support.
Cycle of decreasing influence The tendency of presidents to
lose support over time.
Cycle of increasing effectiveness The tendency of presidents
to learn more about doing their jobs over time.