MATH 620.

00 Sequential Math I
Instructor: Patrick Burke

Pei-Hsin Lins HW2

April 11, 2013

HUNTER COLLEGE OF THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK

Department of Mathematics and Statistics

Math 620: Sec. 001 Spring 2013 Patrick W. Burke, Ph.D.

COVER SHEET AND EVALUATION FORM FOR HOMEWORK SET 2

Pei-Hsin Lin
Name: ______________________________________________________________________________

SECTION

Total
Assigned

Section
Minimum

Exercises Submitted

Credits

AP 3.1.1

1, 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 6, 7a, 7b, 8

AP 3.1.2

1a, 1b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d

AP 3.1.3

15

10

1a, 1b, 1c, 3, 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 7,

11a, 11b, 13a, 13b, 13c, 13d

14

AP 3.2.1

14

1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f,

3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 4, 5, 6, 7

10

AP 3.2.2

12

1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 4a, 4b, 4c, 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d, 12

OVERALL PROBLEM SET MINIMUM = 45

50

TOTAL

58

38

Points earned: ____________

1 of 21

MATH 620.00 Sequential Math I

Instructor: Patrick Burke

Pei-Hsin Lins HW1

April 11, 2013

AP SECTION 3.1.1
1.

Show that the formula V = V (d) = l r 2

r 2 cos

r ) 2rd

( d r r ) + (d

d 2 describes the real

function that relates the volume V to the depth d of fuel in an underground cylindrical fuel tank
of length l and radius r whose axis is horizontal (Figure 5). [Hint: Let d = BE, r = AO = OC,
and V(d) = l(Area of region AECBA), using Figure 6. Notice that Area of region AECBA = r2
- 2(Area of sector ODC) + Area of

OAC, and that cos(DOC) =

BO
r

.]

Let d = BE, r = AO = OC, and V(d) = l(Area of region AECBA)

Area of region AECBA = r2 - 2(Area of sector ODC) + Area of OAC
= r2 - 2(r2 )(DOC)/2 + 2(BOOCsinDOC)
r2 (d r) 2
= r2 - r2 cos-1 [(d - r)/r] + (d - r)(r)
r

= r2 - r2 cos-1 [(d - r)/r] + (d r )r 2 d 2 + 2 dr r 2

= r2 - r2 cos-1 [(d - r)/r] + (d r )2dr d 2
Thus by substitution, V = V (d) = l r 2 r 2 cos 1 ( d r r ) + (d r ) 2rd d 2

2A.

The following statement describes a relationship between two sets A and B in which the given
elements are in the set A: The triangle T is circumscribed by the given circle C. Identify the sets A
and B precisely. Determine whether or not the relationship defines a function f: A B.
A is the set of circles in the plane. B is the set of triangles in the plane.
The relationship does not define a function, because each circle circumscribes many triangles.

2B.

The following statement describes a relationship between two sets A and B in which the given
elements are in the set A: The circle C circumscribes the given triangle T. Identify the sets A and
B precisely. Determine whether or not the relationship defines a function f: A B.
A is the set of triangles in the plane. B is the set of circles in the plane.
The relationship does define a function, because each triangle has exactly one circumcircle.

2 of 20

MATH 620.00 Sequential Math I

Instructor: Patrick Burke

Pei-Hsin Lins HW1

April 11, 2013

AP SECTION 3.1.1
2C.

The following statement describes a relationship between two sets A and B in which the given
elements are in the set A: The area of a given triangle T is A. Identify the sets A and B precisely.
Determine whether or not the relationship defines a function f: A B.
A is the set of triangles in the plane. B is +, the set of positive real numbers.
The relationship does define a function, because each triangle has exactly one area.

6.

Give a precise description of the Euclidean distance d in the coordinate plane as a function of
points (x 1 , y1 ) and (x 2 , y2 ) in 2 ; that is, identify the domain A and range B and a rule for the
distance function d: A B.
The domain A is the set of all line segments in 2 with endpoints denoted by (x1 , y1 ) and (x2 , y2 ).
The range B is [0, +), the set of nonnegative real numbers. This does define a function and the
rule for this distance function is d: A B is d =

7A.

(x

x 1 ) + (y 2

2
y1 ) .

Give the ordered pairs of the correspondence that maps the letters of the alphabet other than Q
and Z onto the telephone digits 2 through 9.

(A,2) (A,3) (A,4) (A,5) (A,6) (A,7) (A,8) (A,9) (B,2) (B,3) (B,4) (B,5) (B,6) (B,7) (B,8) (B,9)
(C,2) (C,3) (C,4) (C,5) (C,6) (C,7) (C,8) (C,9) (D,2) (D,3) (D,4) (D,5) (D,6) (D,7) (D,8) (D,9)
(E,2) (E,3) (E,4) (E,5) (E,6) (E,7) (E,8) (E,9) (F,2) (F,3) (F,4) (F,5) (F,6) (F,7) (F,8) (F,9)
(G,2) (G,3) (G,4) (G,5) (G,6) (G,7) (G,8) (G,9) (H,2) (H,3) (H,4) (H,5) (H,6) (H,7) (H,8) (H,9)
(I,2) (I,3) (I,4) (I,5) (I,6) (I,7) (I,8) (I,9) (J,2) (J,3) (J,4) (J,5) (J,6) (J,7) (J,8) (J,9)
(K,2) (K,3) (K,4) (K,5) (K,6) (K,7) (K,8) (K,9) (L,2) (L,3) (L,4) (L,5) (L,6) (L,7) (L,8) (L,9)
(M,2) (M,3) (M,4) (M,5) (M,6) (M,7) (M,8) (M,9) (N,2) (N,3) (N,4) (N,5) (N,6) (N,7) (N,8) (N,9)
(O,2) (O,3) (O,4) (O,5) (O,6) (O,7) (O,8) (O,9) (P,2) (P,3) (P,4) (P,5) (P,6) (P,7) (P,8) (P,9)
(R,2) (R,3) (R,4) (R,5) (R,6) (R,7) (R,8) (R,9) (S,2) (S,3) (S,4) (S,5) (S,6) (S,7) (S,8) (S,9)
(T,2) (T,3) (T,4) (T,5) (T,6) (T,7) (T,8) (T,9) (U,2) (U,3) (U,4) (U,5) (U,6) (U,7) (U,8) (U,9)
(V,2) (V,3) (V,4) (V,5) (V,6) (V,7) (V,8) (V,9) (W,2) (W,3) (W,4) (W,5) (W,6) (W,7) (W,8) (W,9)
(X,2) (X,3) (X,4) (X,5) (X,6) (X,7) (X,8) (X,9) (Y,2) (Y,3) (Y,4) (Y,5) (Y,6) (Y,7) (Y,8) (Y,9)

7B.

Is the correspondence from Problem 7A a function? Why or why not?

The correspondence from Problem 7A is not a function, since every a in
A = {A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y}
appears not once but eight times as the first element of an ordered pair of the mapping.

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MATH 620.00 Sequential Math I

Instructor: Patrick Burke

Pei-Hsin Lins HW1

April 11, 2013

AP SECTION 3.1.1
8.

Consider the greatest integer function (or floor function) defined by floor(x) = the largest
integer x. For example, floor(1.7) = 1, floor(-) = -4. Plot this function with domain the
interval -3 < x < 3, first by hand and then with a calculator. Explain the difference between the
hand plot and the calculator plot.

When the greatest integer function is plotted by

hand, it looks discontinuous, as it should.

When the greatest integer function if plotted by

calculator, it looks continuous, which is inaccurate.

4 of 20

MATH 620.00 Sequential Math I

Instructor: Patrick Burke

Pei-Hsin Lins HW1

April 11, 2013

AP SECTION 3.1.2
1A.

Consider a general catch-up situation such as the one analyzed in this section. Show that the
time required for a person to catch up is directly proportional to the delay d (the elapsed time
between the time the first person starts and the time the second person starts).
DISTANCE

RATE

TIME

PERSON A

v(d + t)

d + t

PERSON B

wt

If Person A sets out at a rate of v mph, and Person B sets out in the same direction at a rate of w
mph after a delay of d hours, and then Person B catches up to Person A after t hours, then
v(d + t) = wt vd + vt = wt vd = wt - vt vd = t(w - v) d/t = (w - v)/v
That is, the delay d is directly proportional to t, the time required for Person B to catch up.
1B.

Show that the constant of proportionality in Problem 1A is dependent only on the ratio of the
two speeds.
As shown above, the constant of proportionality is (w - v)/v, a ratio in terms of the two speeds.

5A.

A general meeting problem concerns two people starting off at the same time and heading
toward each other. Express the amount of time it will take to meet as a function of the speeds
of the people and the initial distance between them.
DISTANCE

RATE

TIME

PERSON A

vt

PERSON B

wt

If Person A sets out in the direction of Person B at a rate of v mph, Person B sets out in the
direction of Person A at a rate of w mph, and they cover the initial distance d between them
within t hours, then vt + wt = d t(v + w) = d t = d/(v + w)

5 of 20

MATH 620.00 Sequential Math I

Instructor: Patrick Burke

Pei-Hsin Lins HW1

April 11, 2013

AP SECTION 3.1.2
5B.

A general meeting problem concerns two people starting off at the same time and heading
toward each other. Express the location of the meeting place as a function of the speeds of the
people and the initial distance between them.
The location of the meeting place would be a distance of vt = vd/(v + w) away from Person A, or
a distance of wt = wd/(v + w) away from Person B.

6A.

An airplane makes a round trip where the one-way distance is 1000 km. On the out-leg the plane
faces a headwind of 50 km/h, while on the return there is a tailwind of 50 km/h. If the speed of
the plane in still air is 400 km/h, what is the total time for the trip?
A qualitative argument: Sketch a rough graph of a function giving the total time for the round
trip in terms of the wind speed as the wind speed varies from 0 to 400 kph. Compared with the
total time for a round trip with no wind, do you think the time for the round trip with the wind is
(i) less, (ii) the same, or (iii) more?
DISTANCE

RATE

TIME

OUTBOUND

1000

400 - w

1000/(400 - w)

RETURN

1000

400 + w

1000/(400 + w)

The total time t for the round trip as a function of

the wind speed w is
t(w) = 1000/(400 - w) + 1000/(400 + w)
= [1000(400 + w) + 1000(400 - w)]/(400 2 - w2 )
= 800000/(160000 - w2 )
With no wind, t(0) = 800000/160000 = 5 hours.
With wind speed approaching 400 from below,
t(w) approaches +.
The sketch of the function t(w) leads me to
conclude that compared with the total time t for a
round trip with no wind (w = 0), the time for the
round trip with the wind is (iii) more.

6 of 20

MATH 620.00 Sequential Math I

Instructor: Patrick Burke

Pei-Hsin Lins HW1

April 11, 2013

AP SECTION 3.1.2
6B.

An airplane makes a round trip where the one-way distance is 1000 km. On the out-leg the plane
faces a headwind of 50 km/h, while on the return there is a tailwind of 50 km/h. If the speed of
the plane in still air is 400 km/h, what is the total time for the trip?
A numerical answer: Answer the numerical problem as written. Does your answer support
your qualitative response for Problem 6A?
DISTANCE

RATE

TIME

OUTBOUND

1000

400 - 50

1000/(400 - 50)

RETURN

1000

400 + 50

1000/(400 + 50)

t(50) = 1000/350 + 1000/450 = 20/7 + 20/9 = 320/63 = 5 .079365

This result is consistent with my qualitative conclusion from Problem 6A, since 5 .079365 > 5 .

6C.

An airplane makes a round trip where the one-way distance is 1000 km. On the out-leg the plane
faces a headwind of 50 km/h, while on the return there is a tailwind of 50 km/h. If the speed of
the plane in still air is 400 km/h, what is the total time for the trip?
A general answer: The numerical answer does not reveal much about the structure of the
situation. Solve the problem again, this time expressing the total time in terms of general
parameters for the total distance d, the air speed of the plane p, and the wind speed w. There
are many different equivalent symbolic expressions that will express the total time. Try to
coax the expression you arrive at into a simple form.
DISTANCE

RATE

TIME

OUTBOUND

p - w

d/(p - w)

RETURN

p + w

d/(p + w)

The total time t for the round trip as a function of the total distance d, the air speed of the plane p,
and the wind speed w is t = d/(p - w) + d/(p + w) = [d(p + w) + d(p - w)]/(p 2 - w2 ) = 2dp/(p 2 - w2 ).

7 of 20

MATH 620.00 Sequential Math I

Instructor: Patrick Burke

Pei-Hsin Lins HW1

April 11, 2013

AP SECTION 3.1.2
6D.

An airplane makes a round trip where the one-way distance is 1000 km. On the out-leg the plane
faces a headwind of 50 km/h, while on the return there is a tailwind of 50 km/h. If the speed of
the plane in still air is 400 km/h, what is the total time for the trip?
The general answer refined: Express the total trip time with no wind (call it t0 ) in terms of the
given parameters. Use t0 to get a more revealing expression for the total time with wind. There
is a connection of this problem to special relativity through a Lorenz transformation. Look
this up and show what the connection is.
For w = 0, t0 = 2dp/(p 2 - 0) = 2d/p. Then t = 2dp/(p 2 - w2 ) = t0 p 2 /(p 2 - w2 ) and t/t0 = p 2 /(p 2 - w2 ).
For p = c the speed of light and v the relative velocity between frames in the x-direction, t(v)/t0 =
c2 /(c2 - v2 ) = 2 where the Lorentz factor = 1 2 and = cv . When experimental physicists
1
attempted to use the Michelson-Morley Experiment (1887) to measure aether wind - v, the
speed of the relative motion between Earth and the hypothetical light-bearing medium called
luminiferous aether - their observations of t(v)/t0 = 2 supported the idea that v = 0. (Eighteen
years later, Einstein put forth a cleaner notion of special relativity that was entirely independent
of the concept of stationary aether. Specifically, he was able to derive the Lorentz transformation
from just the principle of relativity and the constancy of the speed of light.)

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MATH 620.00 Sequential Math I

Instructor: Patrick Burke

Pei-Hsin Lins HW1

April 11, 2013

AP SECTION 3.1.3
1A.

Consider the correspondence f: (-/2, /2) described in this section. Find f(-1) and f(10).

f(-1) = tan -1 (-1) = -/4 = -0.7853981634...

f(10) = tan -1 (10) = 1.4711277674...
1B.

Consider the same correspondence f: (-/2, /2). Derive a formula for f(x).
f(x) = tan -1 (x) where x is in radians.

1C.

Consider the same correspondence f: (-/2, /2). Use the result from Problem 1B, or a
geometric argument based on the given figure, to explain why lim P n = L if and only if
n

lim f (P n ) = f (L) .

The limit as n physically correlates with the hypotenuse PC of

POC swinging outward

closer and closer towards the limit of being perfectly horizontal. As the hypotenuse PC swings
closer to being horizontal, PCO = x monotonically increases in a continuous manner,
approaching the limit of /2, while side PO = f(x) = tan -1 (x) monotonically increases in a
continuous manner, approaching the limit of tan -1 (/2) = +.

9 of 20

MATH 620.00 Sequential Math I

Instructor: Patrick Burke

Pei-Hsin Lins HW1

April 11, 2013

AP SECTION 3.1.3
3.

Prove the () direction of Theorem 3.2. If f: A B is a given function and there is a function
g: f(A) A such that g f = IA and f g = If(A), then f is a one-to-one function and g = f-1 .

4A.

Decide if the set of even integers is closed for the unary operation of squaring. Justify.
is closed for the unary operation of squaring. The elements of may be expressed as 2n for
all n . The perfect square of 2n is 4n 2 . Since 2|4n 2 , 4n 2 for all n .

4B.

Decide if the set of odd integers is closed for the unary operation of squaring. Justify.
is closed for the unary operation of squaring. Suppose there exists n 2 the perfect square of an
odd integer n, and n 2 is not odd. Then it is even, and 2|n 2 . But 2 is prime, so if 2|n 2 then 2|n.
But 2|n contradicts the fact that n is odd. Thus, no such even perfect square of an odd integer
exists.

4C.

Decide if the set of prime (+) integers is closed for the unary operation of squaring. Justify.
is not closed for the unary operation of squaring. For every p , p 2 can be expressed as the
product of p and p, where p < p 2 . Thus, for all p , p 2 is composite and p 2 .

4D.

Decide if the set of composite (+) integers is closed for the unary operation of squaring.
is closed for the unary operation of squaring. Every element of is a composite integer,
which by definition may be expressed as the product of two smaller integers, x and y. Then the
perfect square of xy is x2 y2 , which may be expressed as the product of xy and xy, or the product
of x and xy2 , or the product of y and x2 y. x, y, xy, xy2 , and x2 y are all smaller integers than x2 y2 ,
so x2 y2 is composite by definition.

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MATH 620.00 Sequential Math I

Instructor: Patrick Burke

Pei-Hsin Lins HW1

April 11, 2013

AP SECTION 3.1.3
7.

Explain in the context of functions the meaning of the following statement: The reciprocal
operation a 1/a and the squaring operation a a 2 commute on the set of nonzero rational
numbers, but the taking the opposite operation a -a does not commute with the squaring
operation.
Let r be the reciprocal operation a 1/a, s be the squaring operation a a 2 , and t be the
taking the opposite operation a -a.
r and s commute on the set of nonzero rational numbers
for all a +, r s = r(s(a)) = r(a 2 ) = 1/a 2 = (1/a)2 = s(1/a) = s(r(a)) = s r
s and t do not commute on the set of nonzero rational numbers
for all a +, s t = s(t(a)) = s(-a) = (-a)2 = a 2 -a 2 = t(a 2 ) = t(s(a)) = t s

11A.

The number of permutations of n objects taken r at a time, written nPr or P(n,r), can be
considered as a function of two variables n and r and described by the rule P(n,r) =

n!
(n r)!

, where

n r. P also can be considered as a binary operation. Is P commutative?

Assuming the factorial function has a domain of the non-negative integers, P is trivially
commutative in the only case which is computable, where n = r as follows:
n!
r!
nPr = (nn!r)! = 0!
= n ! = 0!
= (r r!n)! = rPn when n = r
P is not commutative when 0 r < n because (r - n)! is undefined and non-computable.
11B.

The number of permutations of n objects taken r at a time, written nPr or P(n,r), can be
considered as a function of two variables n and r and described by the rule P(n,r) =

n!
(n r)!

n r. P also can be considered as a binary operation. Is P closed on ?

P is closed on .
For all n, r where 0 r n, nPr = (nn!r)! =

n(n 1)...(n r+1)(n r)!

(n r)!

= n (n

1 )...(n

Since is closed under multiplication, nPr for all n, r where 0 r n.

11 of 20

r + 1) .

, where

MATH 620.00 Sequential Math I

Instructor: Patrick Burke

Pei-Hsin Lins HW1

April 11, 2013

AP SECTION 3.1.3
13A.

Consider the binary operation of powering (or exponentiation) defined by p: (x, y) x y. Is p a

binary operation on + +, where + is the set of positive real numbers?
Yes, p is a binary operation on + +. That is, any positive real number taken to a positive real
power results in a positive real number.

13B.

Consider the binary operation of powering (or exponentiation) defined by p: (x, y) x y.

Explain why p is not a binary operation on .
p is not a binary operation on . By counterexample, any negative real number taken to the
power of results in a complex number, which is not a real number.

13C.

Consider the binary operation of powering (or exponentiation) defined by p: (x, y) x y. What
values(s), if any, does your calculator give for p(-8, ) and p(-8, 2/6)?
A graphing calculator returns -2 as the output of both p(-8, ) and p(-8, 2/6). In reality,
1

( 8 ) 3 = 8 = -2
2

( 8) 6 =

13D.

(
6

8 ) = 64 = 2
6

Consider the binary operation of powering (or exponentiation) defined by p: (x, y) x y.

Explain what your answer to Problem 13C means in the context of binary operations.
The result of Problem 13C highlights the fact that not every binary operation is a function.

12 of 20

MATH 620.00 Sequential Math I

Instructor: Patrick Burke

Pei-Hsin Lins HW1

April 11, 2013

AP SECTION 3.2.1
1A.

Indicate whether the binary operation of addition of real numbers is a real function.
Yes, the binary operation of addition of real numbers is a real function, which assigns a real
number to each member of its domain. In fact, the addition of any two real numbers produces a
unique output, which is a real number.

1B.

Indicate whether the operation that corresponds each nonzero real number with its two square
roots is a real function.
Yes, the operation that corresponds each nonzero real number with its two square roots is a real
function, assuming that its domain is the set of points (x, -x) for all x + and each member of
that domain is assigned the positive real number x2 .

1C.

Indicate whether the function that associates with each quadratic polynomial function p defined
by y = p(x) = ax 2 + bx + c with a 0, the coordinates (r, s) of the vertex of the graph of p in the
xy-plane is a real function.
No, the operation that associates each quadratic polynomial function p(x) = ax2 + bx + c with its
vertex (r, s) =

b b2
2a , 4

b2
2a

+ c is not a real function, since it does not assign a real number to

each member of its domain.

1D.

Indicate whether the function that maps each positive integer onto the number of its different
prime factors is a real function.
Yes, the function that maps each positive integer onto the number of its different prime factors is
a real function, since it assigns a real number (more specifically, a positive natural number) to
each member of its domain.

1E.

Indicate whether the function f with f(x) = 0 for all real numbers x is a real function.
Yes, the function f(x) = 0 is a real function, which assigns the real number 0 to each member of
its domain.

1F.

Indicate whether the Dirichlet function D with D(x) = 1 if x is rational and D(x) = 0 if x is
irrational is a real function.
Yes, the Dirichlet function is a real function, which assigns a real number (either 0 or 1) to each
member of its domain. It is, however, nowhere continuous and nowhere differentiable.

13 of 20

MATH 620.00 Sequential Math I

Instructor: Patrick Burke

Pei-Hsin Lins HW1

April 11, 2013

AP SECTION 3.2.1
3A.

A singularity is a value v at which a function is undefined. The singularity is removable if by

assigning a value to the function at v, the function will be continuous on an interval containing v.
For f (x) = tanx , give all values v for which f(x) has singularities and indicate whether the
singularities are removable. If the singularity is removable, redefine f(x) to make it continuous
over .
(2k 1)

f(x) = tanx has singularities for all v =

, where k . None of these singularities are
2
removable, since f(x) approaches + from below each singularity, and - from above each
singularity.

3B.

For g (t) =

t2 t
t 1

, give all values v for which g(t) has singularities and indicate whether the

singularities are removable. If possible, redefine g(t) to make it continuous over .

g(t) has exactly one singularity at t = 1, which is removable by assigning the value g(1) = 1.
g(t) can be redefined as g(t) = t to make it continuous over .
3C.

For h (a) =

a
3a 2 2a 8

, give all values v for which h(a) has singularities and indicate whether the

singularities are removable. If possible, redefine h(a) to make it continuous over .

h (a) =

a
3a 2 2a 8

a
(3a+4)(a 2)

h(a) has exactly two singularities, at a = 43 and a = 2, neither of which are removable, since
h(a) approaches + from both each singularity and - from below each singularity.
3D.

For j (y) = (y

1 )(y + 2 )(y

3 ) , give all values v for which j(y) has singularities and indicate

whether the singularities are removable. If possible, redefine j(y) to make it continuous over .
j(y) is a continuous function that has no singularities and three roots at (-2,0), (1,0), and (3,0).

14 of 20

MATH 620.00 Sequential Math I

Instructor: Patrick Burke

Pei-Hsin Lins HW1

April 11, 2013

AP SECTION 3.2.1
4.

Analyze the quadratic function defined by y = ax 2 + bx, given b 0 and a > 0.

5.

Analyze the exponential function defined by y = 5000(1.06)x .

6.

Analyze the function f with the following piecewise definition:

f(x) =

7.

Analyze the function whose formula is

x
|x|

x2 , x 0
4x + 5, x < 0

, for all x , x 0.

15 of 20

MATH 620.00 Sequential Math I

Instructor: Patrick Burke

Pei-Hsin Lins HW1

April 11, 2013

AP SECTION 3.2.2
1A.

Let f and g be real functions with f(x) = x 2 and g(x) = sinx. Give a rule and describe the domain
and range of f g.
f g = f(g(x)) = f(sinx) = sin 2 (x)
The domain of f g is .
The range of f g is [0,1].

1B.

Let f and g be real functions with f(x) = x 2 and g(x) = sinx. Give a rule and describe the domain
and range of g f.
g f = g(f(x)) = g(x2 ) = sin(x2 )
The domain of g f is .
The range of g f is [-1,1].

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MATH 620.00 Sequential Math I

Instructor: Patrick Burke

Pei-Hsin Lins HW1

April 11, 2013

AP SECTION 3.2.2
2A.

Let f and g be real functions with f: x x

3 and g: x x 2 - 4. Give a rule and describe

the domain and range of f g.

f g = f(g(x)) = f(x2 - 4) =

(x

4)

3 = x4

8 x2 + 1 3

The domain of f g is the solution of x4 - 8x2 + 13 0.

By the quadratic formula, x2 4
(-,

4 + 3 ] [ 4

3 or x2 4 + 3 , so the domain of f g is

3 , 4

3 ] [ 4 + 3 , +).

The range of f g is [0, +).

2B.

Let f and g be real functions with f: x x

3 and g: x x 2 - 4. Give a rule and describe

the domain and range of g f.

g f = g(f(x)) = g( x
= (x

3)

3)

= x - 7
The domain of g f is .
The range of g f is .

17 of 20

MATH 620.00 Sequential Math I

Instructor: Patrick Burke

Pei-Hsin Lins HW1

April 11, 2013

AP SECTION 3.2.2
4A.

Consider the function g f, where f: A B and g: B C. What can be said about g f if both
g and f are 1-1 and onto?
If both g and f are 1-1 and onto, then g f is also 1-1 and onto.

4B.

Consider the function g f, where f: A B and g: B C. What can be said about g f if only
f is 1-1 and onto?

4C.

Consider the function g f, where f: A B and g: B C. What can be said about g f if only
g is 1-1 and onto?

18 of 20

MATH 620.00 Sequential Math I

Instructor: Patrick Burke

Pei-Hsin Lins HW1

April 11, 2013

AP SECTION 3.2.2
7A.

For any real numbers a, b, c, and d such that c and d are not both 0, the formula f(x) =

ax+b
cx+d

defines a real function. Find the domain and range of f.

If ad - bc 0, the domain of f(x) = ax+b
cx+d is (-,

d
c

) (

d
c

,+).

a
c

a
a
If ad - bc 0, the range of f(x) = ax+b
cx+d is (-, c ) ( c ,+).

However, if ad - bc = 0, then f (x) =

ax+b
cx+d

ax+ ad
c
cx+d

a(x+ cd )
c(x+ cd )

Thus if ad - bc = 0, then the domain of f(x) = ac is and the range of f(x) is { ac } .

7B.

For any real numbers a, b, c, and d such that c and d are not both 0, the formula f(x) =

ax+b
cx+d

defines a real function. Show that f is a one-to-one function if and only if ad - bc 0.

If ad - bc = 0, then f (x) =

ax+b
cx+d

ax+ ad
c
cx+d

a(x+ cd )
c(x+ cd )

a
c

, which is a many-to-one function, not a

one-to-one function. If ad - bc 0, then f is a one-to-one function.

7C.

For any real numbers a, b, c, and d such that c and d are not both 0, the formula f(x) =

ax+b
cx+d

defines a real function. Show that if f is a one-to-one function, then its inverse function f-1 is
given by f-1 (x) =

dx b
cx+a

, where c and a are not both 0.

If f is a one-to-one function, then its inverse f-1 may be found by rearranging x =

Then cxy + dx = ay + b cxy - ay = -dx + b y(cx - a) = -dx + b y =
Thus f-1 (x) =

7D.

dx b
cx+a

, where c and a are not both 0 (because

dx b
cx+a

dx+b
cx a

ay+b
cy+d

dx b
cx+a

would be undefined).

For any real numbers a, b, c, and d such that c and d are not both 0, the formula f(x) =
defines a real function. Show that if f is a 1-1 function and a = -d, then f-1 = f.
If f is a 1-1 function and a = -d, then f(x) =

ax+b
cx+d

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dx+b
cx+d

dx b
cx d

dx b
cx+a

= f-1 (x).

ax+b
cx+d

MATH 620.00 Sequential Math I

Instructor: Patrick Burke

Pei-Hsin Lins HW1

April 11, 2013

AP SECTION 3.2.2
12.

From the inverse relationship (1) y = b x x = log b y between logarithmic and exponential
functions and the three properties of powers,
(2) expb (x)expb (y) = expb (x + y) (the Product of Powers),
(3)

exp b (x)
exp b (y)

= exp b (x

y ) (the Quotient of Power), and

(4) (expb (x))y = expb (xy),

deduce the corresponding properties of logarithms,
(2) log b (xy) = log b (x) + log b (y) (the Logarithm of a Product),
(3) log b

( yx ) = log b (x)

log b (y) (the Logarithm of a Quotient), and

(4) log b (x y) = ylog b (x).

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