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16.4 RESOURCES
Lesson 16.4 Worksheets Lesson 16.4
Assessment Chapter 16 Overview
Presentation
GUIDING QUESTION
FOCUS Make a three-column table
on the board. Label the columns
Individuals, Corporations, and
Governments, respectively. Give students several moments to discuss
how these groups might respond to
climate change. Record students responses in the table. Have them add
to the table as they read the lesson.
Reading
Checkpoint
ANSWERS
Transportation
Make A
Difference
You and your family
may be needlessly spending $100 a
year if you keep electronic devices,
such as computers and CD players,
plugged in all the time. As long
as theyre plugged in, electronic
devices use a little bit of electricity, even when they havent been
turned on. So unplug that computer or TV!
more fuel-efficient than they are now. Vehicles in the United States are
generally not as fuel-efficient as they are in many other nations. It will
probably take both government regulation and consumer demand to
improve fuel efficiency in the United States. As gasoline prices rise, people
will demand more fuel-efficient cars.
There are now alternatives to cars that burn only gasoline. For
example, hybrid vehicles combine electric motors and gasoline-powered
engines. Researchers are investigating alternative fuels such as compressed natural gas. In addition, scientists are working on developing
motor vehicles with hydrogen fuel cells that use oxygen and hydrogen.
These fuel cells produce only water as a waste product.
Gas
504 Lesson 4
14%
Moving
car
100%
62%
Engine heat
loss, friction,
inefficiencies
17%
Idling
5%
2%
Drive train
Running
friction and accessories:
inefficiencies water pump,
stereo, etc.
Careful farming practices, such as the prevention of erosion, help preserve soils ability to hold carbon. In addition, agricultural scientists have
developed techniques to reduce the greenhouse gases that come from
sources such as rice cultivation, livestock, and manure. In forestry, new
trees planted to replace those that have been cut down (Figure 19) take in
carbon dioxide and help prevent soil erosion.
ANSWERS
ing greenhouse gas emissions. In a cap-and-trade program, a governReading Checkpoint Soil absorbs
carbon dioxide. Preventing erosion,
ment puts a limit (cap) on the amount of greenhouse gases that can be
therefore, limits greenhouse gas
released by specific industries and power plants. Industries that release
emissions.
less greenhouse gas than they are allowed can sell their leftover allowances to industries that are less efficient. Suppose,
for example, a factory is allowed to release 100
FIGURE 19 Replacing Lost Trees
units of carbon dioxide. However, it only releases
Trees take in carbon dioxide, so
75 units. The factory can sell the leftover 25 units
replacing lost trees prevents some
carbon dioxide from entering the
to a factory that is having difficulty reducing its
atmosphere.
emissions as much as is required. Cap-and-trade
programs work well only if the caps are progressively lowered.
ANSWERS
Lesson 4 Assessment
1. Answers will vary, but should be
well supported.
2. Sample answer: High gasoline
prices; technology that makes
smaller, fuel-efficient vehicles less
expensive than larger vehicles
3. Sample answer: Our family might
use a carbon offset to compensate
for the greenhouse gas emissions released when we travel by
airplane.
4. Sample answer: A major limitation
of the Kyoto Protocol is that developing nations are not required to
reduce emissions.
5. Accept all reasonable answers.
Some students may propose a
treaty that limits allowable greenhouse gas emissions, rewards the
development of technologies that
limit greenhouse gas emissions,
and contains penalties, such as
fines, for noncompliance. Students
may oppose any provision that
weakens the treaty.
506 Lesson 4
4
1. Form an Opinion Which is more important in
addressing global climate change: conserving electricity or finding new ways of producing it? Explain
your answer.
2. Infer What factors are likely to make consumers in
the United States prefer small, fuel-efficient cars to
large vehicles?
3. Explain Describe an example of how you or your
family might use a carbon offset.
4. Form an Opinion What is a major limitation of
the Kyoto Protocol?