UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL

__________________________________________________________________________
_
Program
:
Bachelor of Engineering (Hons) Mechanical (EM221)
Course
:
Robotic and Automation
Course Code :
MEM 665
Lecturer
:
Dr. Low Cheng Yee
__________________________________________________________________________
_
Laboratory Report
HYDRAULIC LABOTARY CONVEYOR TENSIONING DEVICE

No
.
1.

Name

Student ID Number

MOHD SHAHIR BIN ABDULLAH

2008289642

2.

MOHD AKMAL BIN SHAFIE

2008515075

3.

KHAIRIL HAZRIQ BIN MAT ISMAIL

2007127791

4.

MUHD ANAS BIN MOHAMMED

2008501277

Signature

Practical Session

__03/03/2010
(Date)

Staff certification : ________________

(Signature)

Report Submission

: _ 22/03/2010
(Date)

Staff certification : ________________

(Signature)

1.0

OBJECTIVES:

1- To assemble, test, troubleshoot (if necessary) and describe the

operation of hydraulic cylinder in tension, retraction and stop
position.
2- To familiarize the student with the applications of a 4/3-way valve
and
show how to use a piloted non-return valve.
3- To design and propose a new improvement of the existing
system.
EXPERIMENT 1
2.0

INTRODUCTION

The basic idea behind any hydraulic system is very simple: Force that is
applied

at

one

point

is

transmitted

to

another

point

using

an

incompressible fluid. The fluid is almost always an oil of some sort. The
force is almost always multiplied in the process.

A hydraulic system circulates the same fluid repeatedly from a fixed

reservoir that is part of the prime mover. The fluid is an almost noncompressible liquid, so the actuators it drives can be controlled to very
accurate positions, speeds, or forces. Most hydraulic systems use mineral
oil for the operating media but other fluids such as water, ethylene glycol,
or synthetic types are not uncommon. Hydraulic systems usually have a
dedicated power unit for each machine. These hydraulic systems operate
more like a compressed-air installation because the power source is in one
location.
3.0

LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEORY:

Parts are fed through a drying oven on a steel chain conveyor belt. It must
be possible to correct the tracking of the belt means of a tensioning device
to ensure that the belt does not run off its rollers. This device consists of a
steel roller fixed at one end kind movable at the other by means of a
double-acting cylinder. Hydraulic power must be available continuously.
The hydraulic system must switch to the recirculation (pump bypass)
condition counter force to act on the cylinder. A piloted non-return valve is
used to prevent creep age of the piston rod of the positioning cylinder as a
result of oil leakage losses in the directional control valve.

Figure 1: a drying oven on a steel chain conveyor belt system

Hydraulic circuit for above system

4.0

PROCEDURE:

1. The drawing of the given hydraulic circuit diagram of the system was
studied and understood.
2. The hydraulic components that were involved in this experiment
were recognized and familiarized through their symbol labels.
3. The practical assembly of the hydraulic circuit was constructed.
4. The system was executed by pressing and activating the switch
involved.
5. Observations and results were obtained.

5.0

RESULTS :

JOINT

PRESSURE INPUT

CYLINDER

TANK OUTPUT

PIPE/HOSE

Figure 1: Complete circuit (cylinder is retracts)

CYLINDER IN
RETRACT POSITION

CHECK VALVE

CYLINDER

POWER SWITCH
4/3 WAY VALVE

Figure 2: Complete circuit (cylinder is extended)

CYLINDER IN
EXTENDS POSITION

4/3 WAY VALVE

HYDRAULIC COMPONENTS
NO

(a)

FIGURE

DESCRIPTION
Check valve
Allows fluid to flow in
one direction, in this
case from bottom to
top.

4/3-way
manually

(b)

valve

These valves have four

or
five
pipe
connections, commonly
called
ports.
One
pressure
inlet,
two
cylinder ports providing
pressure to the double
acting
cylinder
or

actuator and one or two

outlets
to
exhaust
pressure
from
the
cylinders.

Butterfly valve

(c)

(d
&e)

Butterfly valves are

used for applications
when a short layout
length is desirable and
the valve is not used
for
precise
flow
regulation.
Pressure relief valve
Are
quick-opening,
quick-closing
valves
used
to
protect
equipment from gas
pressure build up or
pressure surges.

Pump

(f)

To move liquid by
pressure or suction.
Hydraulic pumps are
used to transfer energy
and are powered by an
energy
source
that
initializes the pump but
has no part in the
pumping action itself.

Motor

(g)

Hydraulic
motors
convert
hydraulic
energy into mechanical
energy. A pump is
connected via a carrier
line to a motor, which
then draws fluid from a
reservoir and forces it
into the motor. The fluid
forces
the
movable
components
of
the
motor
into
motion,
which in turn rotates
the attached shaft. The
shaft,
which
is
mechanically linked to
the work load, provides
rotary
mechanical
motion.
Cylinder

(h)

Retract or extend to
ensure that the fluid
flow with the right
system.

6.0
The typical applications of hydraulic system are:
In tools purposes;
1. Hydraulic jack

APPLICATIONS:

2. Hydraulic puller
3. Hydraulic lifter
4. Hydraulic rock crushing
5. Hydraulic metal cutter
In vehicle and transportation purposes;
1. Snow Plow (Hydraulics raises blade)
2. Tow Truck (Hydraulics raises boom)
3. Cherry Pickers (Hydraulics raises arm)
4. Marine Winch Drive (Hydraulics run winch)
5. Aircraft (Hydraulic run landing gear)
6. Backhoe (Hydraulic raises boom)
7. Automotive (Hydraulic run steering and breaking system)
In industry purposes;
1. Stamping Machine (Hydraulic raises die ram)
2. Punching and blanking machine (Hydraulic raises tool edge)
3. CNC Milling machine (Hydraulic control spindle movement)
4. Extrusion Machine (Hydraulic squeeze metal billet to the die)

7.0

RECOMMENDATIONS (improvement):

To improve hydraulic system first we need to know weaknesses of this

system, here we have some weaknesses of the hydraulic system and
recommendation ways to overcome this weaknesses:

Weaknesses of hydraulic

system
Working fluid leak from the
system (messy)
Hydraulic system over
heating (can effect sealant

bonding)
Need period maintenance
Noisy system

Improvement

Use high pressure sealant

Use heat sink to dissipated

heat from the working fluid

Use hydraulic system wisely

Use low noise motor

8.0

SUMMARY:

As a conclusion we had achieved our objective to assemble, test,

troubleshoot and describe the operation of hydraulic cylinder in tension,
retraction and stopped position, to familiarize the student with the
applications of a 4/3-way valve and show how to use a piloted non-return
valve and to design and propose a new improvement of the existing
system.
The hydraulic system we construct was successful because the cylinder is
able to retract and extend. Figure 1 & 2 shows that the mechanism used
in the hydraulic system for hydraulic laboratory conveyor tensioning
device which is 4/3-way valve, check valve, pump, motor, reservoir, hose
and etc. Figure 3 shows that schematic diagram of the hydraulic system
that has been labeled for each component.
In completing the experiment, we faced many problems that required
reference from the technician, but we managed to complete our
experiment successfully. One of such problem is as the following; the valve
is in a pressurized condition and as a result, we cannot assemble the hose
to the valve. Finally, we were able to complete the circuit by the help from
technician and lecturer. Another problem is that the components to be
assembled at the circuit board were not stored and labeled properly.
Therefore, we went through the difficulties in finding the components in
the drawer. In addition, while operating the circuit, the oily components
also influenced our experiment.
As recommendations, the lab should provide a way to clean and maintain
the components and provide extra technician to guide us while conducting
the experiment. Hydraulic machines are machines and tools which use
fluid power to do work. Hydraulic systems have a quite high power
density, and this makes hydraulic systems and machinery widely applied
in various fields and industries. Heavy equipment is a common example.

In this type of machine, high pressure hydraulic fluid is transmitted

throughout the machine to various hydraulic motors and hydraulic
cylinders. The fluid is controlled directly or automatically by control valves
and distributed through hoses and tubes.

9.0

REFERENCE

1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrohydraulic_manual_transmission
2. http://materialhandling.globalspec.com/LearnMore/Flow_Transfer_Control/Valve_Act
uators_Positioners/Hydraulic_Electrohydraulic_Valve_Actuators
3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_system

4. http://www.hydraulicspneumatics.com