Yesenia Gandara

Yesenia Gandara
Ethnography Project
RWS 3355
April 10, 2016

Yesenia Gandara

Introduction:

For this project I am trying to bring a better picture of what is Finance in the
working place and its environment. This paper will provide the ethnography of
finance to those finance students that are wondering how is it going be after
graduation? Or when getting your first job what to expect on it. I am going to
introduce the different genres use in this field and how they are applicable to the
working place. In addition, the different types of communication in the finance
field, the format of the writing, special language, goals and values, roles, and
tools. Finance has been the focus of my education since a young age when I would
dream of being a business woman. In the construction of this project, I wanted to
discover and learn more about all that the finance field has to offer. I am currently
getting my bachelors in Finance with a concentration in financial analyst. In this
project I went to the field of finance and gathered information from three financial
analysts and lending officer from WestStar Bank, having different ranges of
experience. The purpose of getting three different analysts and an officer was to
be able to get the different perspectives based on experience while learning how

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the discourse community takes place in this field and their ways of
communication.

Financial Institution:

WestStar Bank is a full time

financial institution serving in El Paso
TX, La Cruces NM, and the borderland
of Cd. Juarez Chihuahua, MX. It is
owned and operated by people living in the area of El Paso. The Bank
WestStar Bank headquarters, located in downtown El

headquarters are located in downtown El Paso,

PasoTX.
where I conducted my research.

The bank understands the economic dynamics of the region borderland and
provided services as banking investments and commercial loans. The bank mission
statement is to: WestStar Bank is committed to the success of underserved
communities, and with expertise and leadership, helps local people and projects
succeed. WestStar is also involved in civic organizations such as non-profit
agencies by raising funds, volunteer service and sponsorships. Some of the
organizations that they serve are Candlelighters, Child Crisis Center, Hospice of El
Paso, Junior Achievement, El Paso Hispanic Chamber of Commerce, Greater El
Paso Chamber of Commerce, Community Foundation of Southern New Mexico,
YMCA, YWCA, United Way, Cowboys for Cancer Research and many more.

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The observations and interviews for this research were based on three
financial analysts and one loan officer, Carolina Teran and Carlos Amaya Loan
Analysts, Adrian Santiago a Senior Analyst and Armando Garcia a Loan Officer.
Each of the employees have different years of experience in the field and I noticed
that all of them have different point of views on the job but they have a clear and
well set up goal and values.
Goals & Values:
As I mention before in the section of the information for the financial
institution the bank mission statement or goal is to serve the community. Now if
we see this in a financial aspect the real goal is to maximize profit and that is the
real job of the financial analyst. A financial analyst is in charge of analyzing loans
for future profits. They are in charge of analyzing loans data to then put it up into a
presentation that then will be presented to their loan officer and they end up
presenting the loan request the board of directors. Since the bank is rated as a
community bank, they want to serve the community and lend money to the
community for growth. Carlos Amaya stated When they make money, we make
money (Appendix 1, pg 2) and 95 % of the money loaned is with in El Paso area
and the other 5% is in Las Cruces or Cd. Juarez. With all that said, it is clear the
incredible growth that WestStar bank brings to our city. In order to take the
community to the point of growing and providing opportunities for growth the
bank share principles and standards of behavior to be productive and successful as
a whole. Their standard of behavior is based on collaboration, the analysts help
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each other as well as the loan officers provides feedback to their writing reports on
how to improve them. They also receive feedback from the board of directors,
which are people with a lot of experience and from different industries. Their
principles or values are to follow the regulations from the different states and
countries. This is very important because every year the bank gets audit and the
auditors review all the loan requests from the financial analysts. Based on those
reports they make sure that the financial department are following regulations,
codes and standards, as well as being fair with all customers. The analyst Carlos
Amaya stated, The bank has to be ethical for the reputation of the bank. It is easy
for an employee to be unethical and that is where you apply your moral and it
depends on the individual tolerance on risk. (Appendix 1, pg 1)

Roles & Identities:

The roles of WestStar Bank for
the

financial

department

it

is

constructed in a simple basic model as

it shows in Figure 1.

CE
O

Board
Of
Board Of
Directors
Directors
President
President
Loan
Loan Officers
Officers
Senior
Senior Analysts
Analysts

CEO- Chief Executive Officer is the

Financial
Analysts
Financial Analysts

highest ranking in the company and it is

Figure
WestStar Bank
Figure 1:
1: WestStar
Bank Financial
Financial
Department
Role Model
Department Role
Model

responsible for managerial decisions. He

is part of the Board of Directors.

President(COO) - Chief Operating Officer is in charge of the day-to-day operations of the

company reporting it to the CEO and Board Members.

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Board Of Directors- They are investors of the Bank with different industrial backgrounds. They
are also responsible for managerial decisions and loan approvals. The president of the company is
part of the Board of Directors.

Loan Officers- The loan officer manages magnate portfolios for the company. These portfolios
are based on loans and projections for future profit for the company with the lowest risk possible.
The loan officers are in charge of the financial analysts. They review the loan requests and reports
from the analyst to later make it into a presentation and presented the board of directors for loan
approval.

Senior Analysts- Their responsibilities are to review and help the analyst with their reports. They
are the right hand of the Loan Officers. They help them to manage the bank portfolios. Each
senior and financial analyst have their own loan officer. Loan officers have about three to five
analyst working for them. The senior analyst is charge of training the new financial analysts.

Financial Analyst- Their main role is to gather the information for the loan, analyze data, make
future projections for the loan, and maximize profits and provide financial recommendations.
They interpret the numbers to later put it in a writing form to then present it to their loan officers
and from there to the Board of Directors.

The identities and criteria that most of the financial analyst requires to work in
this type of institution is to have an MBA (Master in Business and
Administration).

Carlos Amaya Financial Analyst-He is been with the bank for four years and it was his first
job in the finance field. He has a Bachelors in Finance from Notre Dame University.

Carolina Teran Financial Analyst- She is been with the bank for a year and half. She
graduated from UTEP with two bachelors one in Economics and Education with a
concentration in Business. Carolina also got her Masters in Business and Administration.

Adrian Santiago- Adrian its been with the company for nine years and got his bachelors and
masters in Finance, both from UTEP. He started working in a retail bank while going to

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college, which got him more interested in the finance field.
Armando Garcia- Armando it is been with the company for fifteen years and he started in the
company as a financial analyst. He got experience from different internships that he did when
he was still attending college. He got his bachelors from UT AUSTIN in Finance and
Economics. Later on, he got his Masters
in Business and Administrations from
UTEP.

Authority & Credibility:

The members in the finance
department

gain

credibility

with

experience, being clear and concise, with collaboration, and due diligence. You
get on top of the role pyramid with experience. Usually the people that are in the
board of directors are people with a lot of financial experience by being investors
of different industries and being in the field of finance or business for years. New
L. Frederick Francis- Chairman and CEO of
WestStar Bank

employees hired for the finance department, first will become a financial analyst.
In there you gain credibility by making good loans for the community but at the
same time maximizing the profit of the company. By being good in making loans
and interacting with customers then you get promoted to Senior Financial Analyst.
The Senior Financial Analyst will have to enforce leadership skills and be clear
and concise for credibility for later to become a loan officer. WestStar bank offers
a lot of opportunities to grow within the company.

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Genres:
WestStar employees have an important value, which is collaboration that
helps them to meet their mission statement of serving the community of El Paso.
The way they can successfully meet the criteria for collaboration in the working
place is by the different types of communication within the company and
customers.
Communication: The bank concentrates in to have a strong relationship
with their customers. According to Armando Garcia one of the loan
officer of the bank, explained that the loan officers are the ones that
maintain a constant communication with customers. In order to do
business some of the customers requires meeting face to face. He
added, that they way he communicates with the Mexican customers and
the US customers is very different. The Mexican customers like to have
a more personal relationship with the bank when doing business.
However, in the US the customers are more formal and they just want
to go straight to the numbers.

o Communication with customers:

Face to Face- the loan officers are the ones that have face
to face contact with the customers. Since the loan officers

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travel a lot they prefer to communicate by email.

Email- this way of communication is the most effective
for the company due to the fact that it is fast and efficient
when it comes to contact a customer. By email they can
exchange important documentation. For example, the
analysts are the ones that put the information from a loan
request to later interpret numbers and put it a writing
format. They use email with customers to ask for
documentation for the loan like tax returns and personal
information from the borrower. The emails have
confidentially notifications from the bank for protection
of the bank and customers.
Phone- this way of communication it is preferred by the
analyst when they have a question regarding to customers
information they contact the customers by phone.
o Internal Communication- the internal communication it also uses
emails and phone calls but the most important one is writing. By
doing writing reports every week for meetings it helps the board
of directors to get to know the customers and see if based on the
report information they are able to make the decision either to
approve or disapprove the loan. In addition, these reports are
also use for future auditors analysis. These writing reports help
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the company to maintain a stable growth. Based on the

interviews made to the analyst they believe that there is always
improvement on the writing reports. From their experience when
they barely started working at the bank they did not expected a
lot of writing. So now, when they look into those early loan
reports they asked themselves what I was thinking when I
wrote this? and they see they improvement through out the
years and by the experience that they are acquiring in the
company. The company asks for a specific format for the reports.
It is a simple format but very detailed. These reports carries
cultural, law enforcement and politics due to the fact that there is
a lot of restrictions, and laws that might be apply to the loans for
protection of the bank and borrower. In the cultural aspect, it is
very complex when it comes to other country since not all
countries carries the same laws and restrictions. An analyst has
to be very careful with the laws and restrictions that are apply to
each loan. These reports can be as long as 10-15 pages, it
depends on the complexity of the loan.

This is the conference room where the board of

directors, analyst and loan officers get together and
discuss and approve the loan requests.

This is a loan officer office, before

presenting the reports and a
presentation to the board of directors
10
the analyst reports gets review by their
loan officer.

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Basic format for the loan writing reports:

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Specialized Language:
The analysts try to make the reports as simple as possible in regards to
vocabulary. They use a lot of accounting vocabulary but also financial terms.
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They do not have a specialize language. They try to keep the writings and verbal
communication very professional by avoiding jargon language. If we can call it
special language it is the use of abbreviations for different regulations. Some of
the regulations mentioned by the analysts are:
OREO- Other Real State Regulations.
CTR- Currency Transaction Report.

The reason of not having a specialized language is due to the board of

directors because they have different backgrounds coming from different
industries. However, they all understand accounting and finance terms so the
reports are written with those terms to make sure that they understand the loan
request with out any confusion.

Tools & Technologies:

The tools that the financial department uses are like the other ones in a
regular office, a computer, scanner, printers, etc. The only difference is the
different software the use for calculating and forecasting or simply getting
sensitive information from the Internet. They use Microsoft Word for the writing
reports and Microsoft Excel to make graphs and tables. They have a special
program that is called One Point and this program is to input numbers and then it
will do calculations. Something that the analyst mentioned is that all the formulas

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that I am learning right now in school I will not need them in my future job due to
this type of programs. Of course, it is important that I have the knowledge in
finance and accounting so I can interpret numbers.
Conclusion:
Thanks to my research I found so many things that I always wanted to
know about the finance field. The observations and interviews were so effective
and I find detail information on the discourse community in the finance field. I
got to meet important people from the board of directors, really nice people by the
way. This project gave me the opportunity to not only demonstrate to my self of
how interesting the job as a financial analyst can be but also for other finance
students to have a notion of the different genres in this working place. This project
also opens a new opportunity to me as student by offering me an internship since
the bank is merging with another bank and they are growing fast with eight
different departments in the bank.

WestStar Bank Lobby

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Appendix 1
Carlos Amaya Loan Analyst Interview
Background:

Grew up in el Paso
Graduate from Americas high school
Notre Dame University in Bachelors in fianc
He was a teacher for 2 years teach ACT prep calculus programs in
high school.
He is been the bank for 4 years

What are the means of communication used in the filed of finance and what
function does it serve?
Talk to customers by phones, emails, and letters.
They communicate a lot with other department from the bank
The finance department is the center of the bank
1. In regards to writing.
Underwriting-telling a story and analyzing the loan
They do a lot of writing
Analytics and represent it in writing
A basic format for reports
How does that connect to the larger picture of the bank?
The reports are turn in the board members, lenders and officers and
shareholders.
They keep track of the loans.
All loans are transparent
Since the bank is a community the loans have an impact in the
community and you can see it in the business.
How long is take for the process of a loan?
It depends on the loan.
Community Goals and / or Community Values:
What values (political, cultural, etc.) does the field share?
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Federal run organizations, so auditors come in to the bank and the bank
has to follow certain regulations. The bank has to be ethical for the
reputation of the bank. It easy for a employee to be unethical and thats
where you apply your moral and it depends on the individual the
tolerance on risk.

What are the shared goals of the community; why does this group exist
and what does it do?
o A community bank, the want to see the community to grow. when
they make money, we make money. they care about the people
they serve.
o In the department their goal is to meet a budget for the loans.
Roles or Identities:
What are some of the different and most common roles within a
professional community?
o Analyst below the lenders, then the become lenders, lenders are local
or founder on community board. They do a lot of charities and they
do not only make money for themselves but for the community.
How do these roles or identities determine and or influence writing? and
How, conversely, are social roles shaped or constructed by writing or
other signifying practices?
Put in your time, seniority it is goanna be the first one to get a promotion.
There are a lot of opportunities to grow. They collaborate with everybody
to learn. In regards into writing, when you do the reports you get better
through out the time and you get feedback from bosses and coworkers.
Authority or Credibility:
When someone is new, what is expected to become an effective writer in
your field?
o The language is very technical or jargon, you need to be exposed and
be thrown in the job to understand better.
o He provided an e.g not knowing the word amortization and he didnt
know what was that when he started working at the bank. Understand
the terms means that is when you become a good writer.
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o He recommended for students, to be sure of what you want when you

are in college and dont close your self up to other opportunities.
What conventions does a writer need to follow to be respected as a credible
member of your field?
o Try to avoid typos, make sure everything is right. Also, to put up
enough info on the reports not to put a lot of details but not be nave.
You provide a summary with enough info so the directors that do not
know customers understand what is going on with the loan.
o How do you gain credibility?
Experience
Specialized Language or Lexis:
Every profession has its own set of specialized language that is specific to that
community.
What terms, acronyms, concepts, etc. does a new member of the
profession need to know to be accepted into the community?
o Credits- credit reports, collateral- securities, capacity the money to
pay, character- to know customers, cash flow- does the business
generates money to pay off. These are a solid foundation in his
department.
Tools and/or Technologies:
What are the physical and/or technological conditions for writing in your
department?
o Computers
What computer programs or writing tools are commonly used?
Microsoft word for reports, 1 point spreading software for numbers and
statements.
Genres: What genres are common in the community?
Communication is very important to get with customers and
get out from your comfort zone if you want to grow.

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Appendix 2
Carolina Teran Loan Analyst Interview
Background:
o She has been at WestStar bank for 1 year and half
o She worked at UTEP before WestStar as a financial coordinator for
the literacy program. She worked with students and helped them
with their studies for credits, budgeting and savings.
o She is in charge of the process of getting loans approved by the
companys board members
o Graduated from UTEP with double major in Economics and
Secondary Education with a concentration in Business and then she
went for her MBA.

What are the means of communication used in the filed of finance and what
function does it serve?
o Your person, Face to face interviews with the clients, Internet with
clients, emails, phone calls because its faster. When they met the
customer it has to be face to face usually lenders are the ones that are
in charge to meet the customers face to face. Analysts usually
communicate with customers by phone and emails.

How does that connect to the larger picture of the bank?

o The stronger part of the bank is the loans department it connects
with future budgeting. Due to their hard work sometimes the bank
get referred by customers for being a good community bank.
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In what ways does culture, law and politics affect the means of
communication as far as ease or difficulty?
o Country restrictions - in regards to regulations in other countries
such as in Mexico. For example, it is very complex and difficult for
the cultural context.
Community Goals and / or Community Values:
What function does writing serve in this community?
Presentations, writing form, they have loan meetings, reports for the board for
loan approval. These reports are reference for auditing. The format for the
writing report is: The cover page and on the back is the report. If the lone is
simpler then they use a Memo format. The bank has a loan policy and in that
policy it ask the analyst to a specific format for the reports (they use graphs
and tables).
REPORT FORMAT:
It includes background of borrower where is located
Background of the loan request.
Loans and deposits opportunities
Financial analysis
Policy request
Weakness and strengths of the loan
Recommendations
Cover page Includes
Information of the borrower
They put info of the regulations applied to the loan
Sales per year
Tax info
NACS code
Status of the request
Number of the request
Interest rate
Terms of the loan
Penalties
Expected returns for the bank
The values
The Collateral
Rating for the loan. (They have a special chart to rate loans)
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For Memos

The information it is straight to the point

How long is the process of a loan?
o It depends on the complexity of the loan, some of the
presentations base on the report are as long as up from
10 -15 pages. Due to information included such as:
financial statement, personal financial statements, tax
returns, and appraisers info.

What values (political, cultural, etc.) does the field share?

o Be Helpful with each other, collaborations. They have meetings
and in one of the meetings the analyst take their drafts and give
them to the board members and they provided feedback on the
reports. Meetings on Wednesdays.

What are the shared goals of the community; why does this group exist
and what does it do?
o She works for a financial institution so their main goal is to
maximize profit. They lend loans and they lend to our community
for growth. They make sure to know who are they lending, that is
why they consider a community bank and their goal is to serve
the community.

Roles or Identities:
What are some of the different and most common roles within a
professional community?
o Roles: she explained the roles as whole, the bank, the finance
department, lenders, managers, tellers, HR, officers, underwriting, new
accounts- the first contact with client, credit, loan review- the analyst
send their reports and send them to credits for review, accounting,
electronic management, insurance and title company.
In her department,
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o Analysts, loan analyst, senior analyst, - lenders (she works for 3

lenders) then lenders have team leaders chief officers- president and
CEO.
How do these roles or identities determine and or influence writing?
o When she started in the bank she got into training, she was thought
with the most basic financial material. The writing grew by
practicing. When writing her lenders review and provides feedback
to her. The bank provides tools to improve in the writing aspect.
o Since she is a Spanish speaker and she is taking an English course.
She advised me to never be embarrassed, use resources- Google
and ask questions to coworkers.

Authority or Credibility:
When someone is new, what is expected to become an effective writer in
your field?
o Once you do your due diligence it is easier when writing
she stated to be more specific when writing so bosses can understand
the reports. Try to understand everything so you cam do the writing.
Were you expecting to do a lot of writing before you got the job?
o She stated, not at all. She thought it was only going to be analyzing
financial statements. Its a lot of writing when it comes to the reports.
o

What conventions does a writer need to follow to be respected as a credible

member of your field?

o How do you gain credibility?

Experience, do diligence, asking, collaboration.
Specialized Language or Lexis:
Every profession has its own set of specialized language that is specific to
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that community.
What terms, acronyms, concepts, etc. does a new member of the profession
need to know to be accepted into the community?
o Financial terms, business acronyms and abbreviations such as: OREO
housings, REC B, CTR
Tools and/or Technologies:
What are the physical and/or technological conditions for writing in your
Department? What computer programs or writing tools are commonly
used?
They have two computers, scanners and they work in cubical and
only the lenders have an office.

Appendix 3
Adrian Santiago Loan Analyst Interview
Background:
o
o
o
o
o
o
o

Started of as CIS
General management
Thanks to his dad he went into finance
He loved accounting
He worked in a retail bank while in school
Thanks to his first job he got interested in banking
Bachelors and mba in finance from UTEP

What are the means of communication used in the filed of finance and what
function does it serve?
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o Understand a company business model, face to face with consumers.

Communication is very important to communicate with bosses and
customers. Email or phone. In regards to writing, presentations very
educated reports to the bosses in a very simple format.

How does that connect to the larger picture of the bank?

o Helps to understand better the finance part of the loans
o Bosses make decisions based on the writing
In what ways does culture, law and politics affect the means of
communication as far as ease or difficulty?
Community Goals and / or Community Values:
What function does writing serve in this community?
o Really important on the information from the financial analyst and
thanks to their writing that is the way board can make educated
decisions.
What values (political, cultural, etc.) does the field share?
o It is a community bank and it serves more as cultural and serves
to the community.

What are the shared goals of the community; why does this group exist
and what does it do?
o Goal to continuously grow in el Paso. 95 % of the loans are with in
the El Paso.
Roles or Identities:
What are some of the different and most common roles within a
professional community?
How do these roles or identities determine and or influence writing?
o Analyst and senior analyst. Analyst support the lending officers and
they are practicly investors. The senior analyst are the ones that
trains the new analyst and manage the portfolio of the lenders
officers and support.

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o Technical writing, by time you improve in your writing.

How long is take to finish a writing?

o The writing part is fast but what it takes time is understand the
information in order to start writing.

Authority or Credibility:
When someone is new, what is expected to become an effective writer in
your field?
Were you expecting to do a lot of writing before you got the job?
What conventions does a writer need to follow to be respected as a credible
member of your field?

Specialized Language or Lexis:

Every profession has its own set of specialized language that is specific to
that community.
What terms, acronyms, concepts, etc. does a new member of the profession
need to know to be accepted into the community?
o Accounting terminology but there is no special language since they
want to keep it simple as possible so the board can understand since
they have different backgrounds.
Tools and/or Technologies:
What are the physical and/or technological conditions for writing in your
Department? What computer programs or writing tools are commonly
used?
Access to a lot industry data, real estate programs, excel, Microsoft word.

Appendix 4
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Armando Garcia Loan Officer Analyst Interview

Background:
o He got a bachelor in Finance and Economics form UT Austin
o Got his MBA from UTEP while he got hired as a Financial Analyst
in WestStar Bank.
o He is being in the company for 15 yrs.
o He is from El Paso.
What are the means of communication used in the filed of finance and what
function does it serve?
o The best form of communication is email and phone. As far as
convenient is email since he travels a lot.
o The format for the email- confidentiality is very important because
they manage very sensitive information from the customer.
How does that connect to the larger picture of the bank?
o The format it depends on the customers because some of them are
very casual and some of them are very formal. You want to create a
good relationship with your customer.
In what ways does culture, law and politics affect the means of
communication as far as ease or difficulty?
o The biggest thing they seen in the bank is cultural because of the
border. We have a mix of US and Mexico cultures. In the Mexican
culture the customers are more like face to face the format for the
emails is more personal. However, in the US is more formal and they
want to get to the point of the business.
Community Goals and / or Community Values:
What function does writing serve in this community?
o Is the presentations to the board members with a specific format with
the information of the borrower. These reports are review by auditors
so it needs to be very specific. Grammar and terms are important for
the report. The process for a loan @ 7:00 min.
How long is the process of a loan?
o Typically 4-5 pgs but sometimes is up to 10 pgs. It
depends on the complexity of the loan

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What are the shared goals of the community; why does this group exist
and what does it do?
o Focus on the community growth, with banking needs. Deposit and
Lending for the financing needs.
Roles or Identities:
What are some of the different and most common roles within a
professional community?
o Focus on the loan side- analyst to gather info and put it together, loan
officers is the one that manages the portfolios made of their customers,
commercial lenders, commercial credit officers and then the president
of the company.
How do these roles or identities determine and or influence writing?
o End of the day weather is financial or memos, it is important the
everything is clear and precise by showing the loans and by reading
they can understand the information.

Authority or Credibility:
When someone is new, what is expected to become an effective writer in
your field?
o Being clear and concise
What conventions does a writer need to follow to be respected as a credible
member of your field?
o How do you gain credibility?
LOAN PORTFOLIO AND YOUR DELINQUENT
CREDITS-MAKING SURE WHOM ARE YOU LENDING
THE LOANS. GROWING THE PORTFOLIOS AND
MAKING AND GIVING GOOD LOANS TO NOT AFFECT
THE IMAGE OF THE COMPANY.
Specialized Language or Lexis:
Every profession has its own set of specialized language that is specific to
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that community.
What terms, acronyms, concepts, etc. does a new member of the profession
need to know to be accepted into the community?
o The terms that are you have to be familiar is from accounting. They do
not have specialized language so they can keep it as simple as possible
so everybody can understand.
Tools and/or Technologies:
What are the physical and/or technological conditions for writing in your
Department? What computer programs or writing tools are commonly
used?
o Outlook and Microsoft word when talking with customers and
when preparing the presentations. One Point, Excel is forecasting
and showing the cash flows.

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Appendix 5
Writing Report Format

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