PSAT 000 I aA a I SECTION 1 ‘Time — 25 minutes 25 Questions G-25) SATURDAY Directions: For each question inthis section, select the best answer from among the choices given and fll in the comesponding oval on the answer sheet. Each sentence below has one or two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Beneath the ‘sentence are five words or sets of words labeled A through Fe Cites he wal ee ea ae the sentence, best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole. ‘Example: Medieval kingdoms did not become constitutional republics overnight; on the contrary, the change was -~ 1. The editorial argued that scientific research has ‘become too -—-—-- when excessive rivalry among researchers compromises proper scientific (A) competitive (B) humanistic (© inopportune (D) costly ©) stagnant 2. Journalists present at demonstrations of the telephone in 1876 described the invention as a——--, evoking much wonder and astonishment. (A) throwback _(B) fiasco (C) privilege (D) marvel (B) quandary 2 3. She was ——, always ready to fight about something: it is little wonder that such a —---- individual had few friends. @) plilegmatic . . combative B) feisty (©) vanquished . . depressing (D) conscientious . . contentious ©) pognacious . . quarrelsome style and contains a great deal of it is excruciatingly complex and ®) an obtuse... incisive 5. Raised in a family that struggled to preserve a genteel middle-class image while advocating ideas considered ‘extremely liberal, Mary Shelley felt similarly torn between --——- with radical movements and seeking 0 ON TO THE NEXT PAGEI AA Each question below consists of a related pair of words ‘or phrases, followed by five pairs of words or phrases labeled A through B. Select the pair that best expresses a relationship similar to that expressed in the original pair. DODO] 7. SHOULDER BLADE : BONE :: (A) knee : leg B) sprain : muscle (©) vein: blood GO ONTO THE NEXT PAGE1 A A I The passages below are followed by questions based on their content; questions following a pair of related passages may also be based on the relationship between the paired passages. Answer the questions on the basis of what is stated or implied in the ‘passages and in any introductory material that may be provided. 10 as 25 Questions 12-16 are based on the following passage. The following i from a book on photography writen in . 1977. Photographs furnish evidence. Something we hear about, but doubt, seems proven when we are shown a photograph of it. In one version of its utility, the camera record incriminates. Starting with their use by the Paris police in June 1871, photographs became a useful tool of ‘moder states in the surveillance and control of their increasingly mobile populations. In another version of its utility, the camera record justifies. A photograph passes for incontrovertible proof that a given thing The picture may distort; but there is always a presumption that something exists, or did exist, that is like what is in the picture. Whatever the limitations (through amateurism) or pretensions (through artistry) of the individual photograph, a photograph—any 1—seems to have a more innocent, and therefore more accurate, relation to visible reality than do other mimetic objects. ‘While a painting or a prose description can never be other than a narrowly selective interpretation, a photograph can be treated as a narrowly selective transparency. But despite the presumption of veracity that gives all photo- graphs authority, interest, seductiveness, the work that photographers do is no generic exception to the usually shady commerce between art and truth. Even when ‘are most concerned with mirroring reality, they are still haunted by tacit imperatives of taste and ‘conscience. The immensely gifted members of the Farm ‘Security Administration photographic project of the late 1930's would take dozens of frontal pictures of one of their sharecropper subjects until satisfied that they had gotten just the right look on film—the precise expression on the ‘subject’s face that supported notions about poverty, light, dignity, exploitation, and geometry. In deciding how a picture should look, in preferring one exposure to another, photographers are always imposing standards on their subjects. Although there is a sense in which the camera does indeed capture reality, not just interpret it, photo- ‘graphs are as much an interpretation of the world as paintings and drawings are. Those occasions when the taking of photographs is relatively undiscriminating, promis- ‘cuous, or self-effacing do not lessen the didacticism of the whole enterprise. This very passivity—and ubiquity—of the photographic record is photography’ “message,” its aggression. ‘Images that idealize (like most fashion and animal photography) are no less aggressive than work that makes a virtue of plainness (like class pictures, stil lifes of the leaker sort, and mug shots). There is an aggression implicit in every use of the camera. This is evident in the 1840's and 1850's, photography’ glorious first two 50 decades, as in all the sucoceding decades, durinig which technology made possible an ever-increasing spread of that ‘mentality that looks at the world as a set of potential photographs. Painting never had so grand a scope. The subsequent industrialization of camera technology only 55 carried out a promise inherent in photography from its very beginning: to democratize all experiences by translating them into images. * Using imitative means of representation 12, The author's primary purpose in the passage is to (A) analyze the relationship between artists and their work (B) compare photography to other art forms (© explore the connection between artists and their subjects (D) investigate the use of photography as a source of legal evidence (©) argue that photographs are not as objective as they seem 13. By referring to “shady commerce” (line 23), the author suggests that photography (A) is dominated by hidden financial concerns (B) must be held to high moral standards (© is more deceptive than it appears to be (D) should not be regulated by the government (B) is best viewed as an escapist art form 14, The author refers to the Farm Security Administration photographic project (lines 26-32) in order to (A) illustrate the theory that photographers impose ‘meaning on their subjects (B) support the idea that photography should address social problems (©) advocate government sponsorship of artistic Projects (D) explain the influence photographers have on public decision making (®) examine the variety of subjects photographed by twentieth-century artists GO ONTO THE NEXT PAGE 4 a ————e—eee/i A I A I —_— 15. The author uses the word “capture” in line 36 in order to (A) educate readers about how the criminal justice system uses photography (B) create an image of how photography captivates a viewer's attention (C) expose the hostility behind a photographer's artistic choices (D) acknowledge that the art of photography has an objective component () emphasize that photographers are often limited by the conventional techniques they employ 16. In lines 35-38, the author mentions paintings and drawings in relation to photography to make the that (A) photographs are the most accurate art form (B) photographers make significant choices when creating an image (©) the history of photography shows a gradual decrease in objectivity (D) the main concen of photographers has usually been to imitate the art of painting (B) photography and painting use color to create similar effects « GO ONTO THE NEXT PAGE .)1 A 1 A 1 (Questions 17-25 are based on the following passages. Prehistoric burial mounds and other megalithic (large stone) monuments dot the countryside in Europe and in the British Isles, many in isolated and unprotected places. The first passage below is adapted from a history of the popular fascination with megalithic sites. The second passage is taken from a book about the most famous of these monuments, Stonehenge, which stands in southwest. England. Passage 1 ‘There is little evidence that most nineteenth-century amateur archaeologists ever did any work. In most ilustrations and paintings of the era, they are depicted in attitudes of elegant supervision, while sturdy workers, ‘eager for the sight of buried treasure, shoveled away ancient burial mounds and stone monuments. Some antiquarians were motivated by desire for loot, others by the spirit of scientific inquiry, or by the two combined; but whatever the motive, the results were the same. Even if megalithic site were not entirely destroyed or removed in the course of archaeological investigation, once it had been disturbed and was exposed to the elements it gradually disintegrated. As a result, many important monuments have totally disappeared since their excavation. In addition, the loss of prehistoric artifacts during or following their disinterment occurred on a large scale. Some remnants ‘were preserved in museums and still exist, but those that passed into private collections were commonly dispersed with no record of their histories. ‘The technique of totally stripping sites under investigation was used by one amateur archaeologist, Colonel Hawley, in his excavations of Stonchenge in the 1920's. The site was dug up like a potato field. Much of it ‘was stripped to the bedrock, and its potential for yielding information to future investigators was destroyed forever. Passage 2 ‘My earliest memory of Stonchenge is, like so many childhood memories, as much fiction as fact. [see a youngster standing at a country roadside. Larks sing and fly ‘about. There across the plain the great stones rise and Irun towards them, ahead of my parents—not at all, I'm afraid, asa budding scholar or an embryo poet. But at feast I recognize a good natural exploring place when I see one. One part of my memory must be very wrong, because people have not been allowed to walk up to the monument a they like since well before my birth; and even in the 1930's, I am predty sure that, though one was then free to ‘wander in the central circle of stones, eight-year-old ‘mountaineers were not encouraged. Of one thing I am certain: my own first meeting was happy. Above all, ‘Stonehenge’s marvelous openness was what pleased me. ‘My latest remembrance, on a recent clear but arctic’ ‘November day, is sadly different. Stonehenge stands in the fork of two busy roads, and the dominant sound in its present landscape is not the lark song of my memory, but 35 the rather less poetic territorial whine of the long-distance truck. Visitors get to it néw from a parking lot, past a ‘sunken “sales complex,” then down a tunnel under the nearest road: all this designed not to spoil the view, but the effect is unhappily reminiscent of an underground bunker. ‘When visitors finally rise inside the wired-off enclosure, they are promptly faced with another barrier. The public is ‘now forbidden to enter the central area. Conservation is a fine thing; yet one fecls in some way cheated of a birthright. Everyone I had spoken to before ‘coming had warned me that the new preserved-for-posterity -Stonchenge makes a depressing visit. I went up to an attendant in a little wind-shelter and explained I was writing a book about Stonehenge and ‘would like to walk inside the barrier. “Are you an archaeologist?” “No, just a writer.” “Department of the Environment, London. By letter.” “Then he added, “And I can tell you you'll be wasting your time.” He looked bleally over my shoulder at the mute chump of stones, as a prison warden might who has successfully foiled yet another clumsy escape attempt. I didn’t really blame him, for it was bitterly cold; and after all, who cares for mere curiosity and affection any more? 17. Which statement, if true, most directly weakens the point made in lines1-6 ? (A) The ninctecath-ceatury images were idealized, not accurate. (B) The amateur archaeologists were sufficiently ‘realty o by expeaive books abou anciont © ‘he nintonth-cotury pintings have alco been ©) The ninéteenth-century illustrators often based their pictures on photographic records. 18, The author of Passage 1 refers to Colonel Hawley lines 20-25) to (A) draw a parallel between an archaeological ica envdo wal a (B) reveal the extent of tourist interest in megalithic sites (© provide an example of an excavation that ‘damaged a megalithic site (D) show that some amateur archaeologists were motivated by a desire for knowledge ©) suggest a relationship between scientific inquiry and pecuniary gaini A . 23. The author of Passage 1 would, 1. apace 2. the aur makes wich int about A) To ween ip ne ®) They were influenced by legends about © They have bee intentionally exaggerated for @) “Thy robe om stres tld by pects (©) They reflect an attempt to justify youthful 20. Passage 2 as a whole can best be described as (A) an account of contemporary efforts to protect (B) acontrast between idealistic expectations and tes 21, Both passages contain which of the following elements? An xpession of regret for something that has 0. 2 megein thn intvdens wih cul over sites have made i ‘decisions TIL A warning that a public legacy-will be destroyed before it can be fully studied (A) Tonly B) Wonly (©) Wonly @) Land Il only @®) Wand Ml only 22. Both passages indicate the existence of a fundamental tension between the @) importance of adding to present nowiedge and for technological advances in methods feria (B) excitement of personal discovery and the routine of; maintenance of detailed inventories ©) desires of one generation and the rights of future ‘generations STOP if you finish before time is called, you may Do not turn to any othi A probably the statements found in lines 31-33 (“But at least .. pillars”) as (A) an accurate depiction of the damage that could be done to a megalithic site (B) an instance of the kind of unlimited access to ‘megalithic sites that can contribute to © +n ck tty dpa @) slgaton of grant eit of ina ® am canggcrated description ofthe damage done to ‘Stonehenge by nonarchacologists ‘The author of Passage 1 would most likely view the conditions described in lines 51-52 as a sign of (A) unfortunate governmental initiatives that threaten in England ® an increased awareness ofthe fragility of mega. © the inedoqute effet of amateur archacologes to Protect Stonehenge @) a iliogness tale those who are not achacol- ogists to visit excavation sites ©) overdue scientific discoveries about the origin of ‘Stonehenge ‘Which statement best describes an important difference between the two passages? @ Me ees the changing role of amaturs the archaeological dcazibes a controversy btwemn profscioel and a damaged (©) The first describes how sts have worked to preserve ‘megalithic ses he socond question he vues of connie protection. ©) The fist offers a sciomtfic perspective on y check your work on this section only. er section in the test.4 U OF 2 qq gq SECTION 2 (-20) Directions: fest of eens Sach Problem, sing any available pac on the pag for scacwart. Thom aca hich is the best ofthe choices given and filin the comeponding oval oe the roe re Notes: 1 ‘The use ofa calculator is permitted. All numbers used are real numbers. 2 Thy ar crn oy bles nhs et as intended to rovide information wef in solving the pte, ee A Rea a8 pose EXCEPT when ts sued ina peife pet at te awn to scale, All figures lic in a plane unless otherwise indicated, (PS AQ@SK 24he 1g) A=? 1 C=2er A= jbh V=twh Verh c= a2+52 ‘The number of degrees of are in a circle is 360. ‘The measure in degrees of a straight angle is 180. ‘The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180, Special Right Triangles Ix = 1 and x + 2y = 9, whatis the vatue of y? A @ 3 LN B4 Dé 4 7’ ®s 7 D ‘Note: Figure not drawn to scale, 2. Inthe figure above, line segments AE and BD intersect at C, forming triangles ABC and CDE, Ifa = 75 and b = 85, what is the value of x? (A) 20 @) 30 ©.40 @) 6 ® 75ZO 0 Z LI Li 24 3 Which ofthe following quadruples (r,s, ) will satisfy the equation rs +t = 2? 1. (4,85,37) HL (,7,2,37) ML. (6,6,1, 37) 4 For what value of k does =-27 aw 2 @ -+ oN ® 10 5. Five letters, R, T, W, X, and Z, are written in a list according to the rules given below: + W is the second letter. + Z is between and next to both R and X. + X isnot last. ‘Which of the following is the order of the letters? A) R, W, ® RW, © TW,R 2x G Which of the following ratios is equal to the ratio of2t03? (A) 1102 B) 409 © 160% @D) 251045 ® W060 ———______\ GO ONTO THE NEXT PAGE ey20 0 y- LI LU 4 1. Tickets to carnival cost $2.50 for students and $4.00 for adults. fa group buys 10 tickets for a total cost of, $31.00, how many of the tickets are for students? (A) Four 8 Inthe figure above, OPQR and ROST are two squares of equal size. If OR = 6, what are the coordinates of point 5? A) (12,12) ®) (12,6) © (12,0) © (62) ® 64) te 9. A certain tree grows 2 fect in height each year. If the tree is now 10 feet high, in how many years from now will the tree reach a height of 44 feet? ——— 10. Which of the following represents the statement that 3 pis 3more tan 37? w 3p+3 ®) 2r-3 © 3p+3= 3p © ApeBras 2 ® p=2r-3 pest111 In the figure above, the four circles are the same size and each circle is tangent to two sides of the larger square and to two of the other circles. Their centers are the vertices of the smaller square. Ifthe area of the smaller square is 9 square inches, what is the area of the larger square? (A) 18sqin @B) Asin © 2 sqin ® 45sqin 2z = 2, whatis the value of x + y +2? 13. Points P and @ fie in plane M, as shown above. ‘How many points in plane M are an equal distance from P and Q? 14, What day of the week will it be 250 days from ‘Tuesday? (A) Sunday (B) Monday (© Tuesday (D) Wednesday (©) Thursday GO ONTO THE NEXT PAGE 12& LI ul ia A F ‘Note: Figure not drawn to scale. 15. In quackilateral ABDE above, C lies on side BD and F lies on side AK. If AC bisects ZBAF and DF bisects ZBDE, what is the value of x + y? ab + of + gh 16. The expression above represents an even integer. At ‘most, how many of the integers a, b, c, f, g, and h could be odd? 17, Ifa certain candy company produces = pounds of ‘gumdrops: ‘many pounds of for oe ee ‘gamdrops will 2 mr pounds ofjlly beans sn terme of > ‘od ar w= y e @ x © " ©) wy © n+xty 18. For all values of 7, let +r be defined as kr = “ ® © o ® Bw din © Viv FS r+2 2 <1 k4 = x, then kx = GO ONTO THE NEXT PAGE )ZU 0 Z L 4 A B C bD E F ‘Note: Figure not drawn to scale. 19, If AD = BE in the figure above, then which of the following must be true? (A) AB = EF (B) AC = CE (© AB< DF (D) AC < CF @) BC < CE STOP 20. 163* -4™ = 12” for positi is the value of k + m? a 7 @) 10 © 2 ©) 2% © 0 If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only. Do not tum to any other section in the test. 43. 3 3 3. 3 SECTION 3 ‘Time — 25 minutes 27 Questions (26-52) Directions: For each question in this section, select the best answer from among the choices given and fill in the correspondir oval on the answer sheet. ‘Each sentence below has one or two Blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Beneath the ‘sentence are five words or sets of words labeled A through E. Choose the word or set of words that, when inserted in the sentence, best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole. ‘Example: ‘Medieval kingdoms did not become constitutional republics overnight; on the contrary, the change was —. _ (A) unpopular —(B) unexpected (C) advantageous (D) sufficient (B)_ gradual DDOGe 26. David often blurted out suggestions spontaneously; this —-— sometimes got him into trouble. (A) incisiveness _(B) impulsiveness (©) lassitude (D) attentiveness ©) rectitude 27. Objectivity in science is the willingness to abandon a favored notion when reliable evidence ———- it. (A) contradicts (B) reproduces (D) overlooks — (B) presupposes 28, Even the most apparently ~-—-- projects can go awry asa result of circumstances that could not have been > even if they had been foreseen. (A) disastrous . . complicated (B) mechanical .. interchanged (©) rewarding . . predicted (D) familiar... disputed (B) straightforward .. prevented ©) proves -16- 29. Protected by its natural defenses, its geographic Jocation, and the engineering feats of its people, the fortress community of Masada was virtually ———~. (A) indecisive (B) innate (C) irrelevant (D) inviolable (B) innocuous 30. Basic elements of rap music have been rearranged 80, ‘much that rap now exists in a number of ———. (A) permutations — (B) archetypes (©) abbreviations (D) embellishments (B) constituents, 31. Pop Art, in which surface appearance replaced inner vision and humor was substituted for high seriousnes ‘was a reaction against the ——— and —--— sensibility of Abstract Expressionism. (A) introspective .. rarefied (B) amusing .. stolid (©) Blippant... superficial (D) extroverted ... ironic (©) placid .. playful ‘Most of my own friends are the reverse of flattering or deferential; they are extremely —--—. (A) hypocritical, (B) empathetic (C) ambitious (D) improvident (B) caustic 33, Too subtle a novelist to be bluntly ——-, Beryl Bainbridge nonetheless criticizes certain value implicitly through her characterizations. GO ONTO THE NEXT PAGEoa 3 5S 35 ach question below consists ofa related par of words or phrases, followed by five pairs of words or phrases labeled A through E. Select the pair that best expresses a relationship similar to that expressed in the original pair. Example: (B) cream : butter DOOD frog (B) feather : bird 36. ABRIDGMENT : BOOK (A) cloverleaf ; highway 7 GO ONTOTHE NEXT PAGE3 3 3 3 3 3 5 3. 3 | ‘The passage below is followed by questions based on its content, Answer the questions on the basis of what is stated or implied | in the passage and in any introductory material that may be provided. 35 6 ‘Questions 41-52 are based on the following passage. In the following passage, a historian recalls her ‘experiences in the West African nation of Ghana, where she lived with her family for two years in the mid-1960's. Ghana is one of the best things that ever happened to me, even though it was a long time ago. Ghanaians impressed me from the moment I stepped off the plane. For aside from a few travelers, everyone's skin was black, an coven, opaque, velvety black that Thad never seen in the United States. The customs officials, families greeting passengers, taxi drivers, policemen, were all intensely and beautifully black. ‘The city of Accra and the university at Legon presented ‘me with a new spectrum of color. I squinted into an enormous, brilliant sky. All the buildings and walls presented complex patterns of textures and colors, for something ‘grew on every surface —bushes, flowers, or mold. The California Bay Area that I had left was a gray-blue place ‘with mostly light-colored people. But now I moved in a ‘world of bright contrasts. The dirt was red, the trees and ‘grass blue-green, the buildings white with red-tiled roofs. Cerise bougainvillea climbed whitewashed walls and ‘cascaded over fences. This colorful landscape and the very dark-skinned people in white or brilliant clothes together altered my visual sense of everyday life. ‘With our unstraightened hair and in Ghanaian-print dresses, Mother and I looked enough like locals to pass, provided we kept our mouths shut. This silent assimilation ‘made me something new. I felt inconspicuous and free. This is not to say that I felt like a Ghanaian. The better I ‘came to know the various sorts of Ghanaian lives and ‘customs, the more I realized how thoroughly American I was. Yet I never felt terribly foreign in Ghana. Knowing fall well that I could never take part in Ghanaian national life, I felt far less an outsider than I had sometimes felt in California. As a Black person in a Black country, I was very much at home. At first I found being a member of the racial majority disorienting. I had grown up in Northern California as ‘member of one of the area’s several racial minorities. In the 1940's and 1950's, my family had encountered outright discrimination in housing and occasional difficulties in getting decent service in restaurants. But by and large, racism didn't present us with serious problems on a day-to- day basis. My parents taught me about racial discrim- ination, however, and for as Jong as I could remember, I felt connected to people of African descent in the South, the West Indies, and Africa. Any failure of mine, I was convinced, reflected badly on 400 million Black people throughout the world. My successes, of course, made them all proud. I bore my responsibilities without complaint, ‘certain that my actions counted in the world. Growing up as I did with a strong Pan-African orien- 18 50 tation, I took my social and political bearings by race. In ‘the independent republic of Ghana,” however, the issues ‘were not racial, bat economic, Should the inefficient collective state farms expand, although they were losing ‘money? Should the prosperous private cocoa farms, which 55 brought in most of the nation’s hard currency, be nationalized? Should the government emphasize the development of agriculture or industry? When those who profited and those who suffered were all equally Black, I couldn't figure the racial angle. But as economic questions 60 superseded racial ones in my mind, I slowly discovered the politics of class. ‘Similar processes occurred in other areas of my life, as the racial thinking I had brought from the United States gave way. At the university, where geniuses, dumbbells, and 65 average students were Black, I discovered the quality of ordinariness, which American race relations denied to Black people. In my studies of African history, I began to ‘separate the politics of power from color. The outlines of human nature emerged. 70. Ordinary humanness affected me deeply as a woman. In the United States, I was a woman, but always—outside the tight circle of family and friends—a Black woman. A Black woman in the United States was not the same thing as just a woman, without a racial qualifier. In Ghana, 1 75 became just a woman. I let down my burden of ibility to the 400 million people of African descent, for I was surrounded by friends who were thinking seriously about the future and also having a good time. Thad love affairs, I had my heart broken and broke hearts in my turn. ‘80 was free to enjoy myself and be something I have often ‘missed intensely in the years since I came home—ordinary. “Chana gained its independence from British rule in 1957 41. In the context of the passage, Ghana was “one of the best things that ever happened” (line 1) to the author because it (A) made her reevaluate her college education (B) introduced her to issues related to discrimination (© brought her closer to her family (D) had aricher history than that of her own country (E) broadened her perspective on certain issues GO ONTO THE NEXT PAGE3 3 3 3 42. Which aspect of life in Ghana did the author find most striking when she first arrived? (A) The wealth of the citizens (B) The ease with which she understood the local culture (C) The diversity of Ghana’s: (D) The Ghanaians’ lack of interest in American eC (©) The unvarying skin color of the people 43. The second paragraph (lines 9-21) suggests that the effect of Ghana on the author’s visual sense was 44. In the third paragraph (ines 22-33), the discission of the author's appearance suggests that (A) her sense of how she appeared to others affected how she saw herself (B) her appearance was chosen to cover up deep feelings of alienation © by changing her appearance she became a true © ieee hn expec how appear Ghanaian ® she hd bece able to speak more openly in the United States than in Ghana 45, The author’s discussion of her relationship to Ghanaian society in lines 26-32 (This is ... California”) indicates that she (A) hoped she could convince Ghanaians that she was ‘one of them (B) was happy to be seen as an unusually sensitive aa (©) expected to be able to learn enough about the. culture to fit i ® st Hoe fos comce Chania 3 +19 3 3 3 oJ ‘46, The author's response to her parents while growing up nes 36-48) is one of (A) sratitude for the sense of altruism they imparted ‘to her 3). skepticism about the accuracy of their claims © sadness that they themselves had limited to travel (@) cariosity about the experiences that had motivated ‘them to say what they did ®) appreciation that they had given her a’sense of her ‘The author indicates that she felt “connected” (line 43) Primarily because she had (A) studied the ancient civilizations of Africa ‘The description of “responsibilities” (line 47) indicates that as'a child the author felt (A) obliged to represent her people stereotypes ©) a ra ‘unfairly by her parents’ expectations for (©) required to learn foreign languages “The author most directly a child’s view of the situation described in lines 34-48 by referring to the child's @ seme tat Mtr of shard experiences could identity and (B) earnest bait that her personal Coodct affected millions of people (©) unsophisticated wonder at the wide geographic dispersal of people of African descent (D) dutifal feeting that millions of other people deserved hher concer (E) affectionate acceptance of everything that her ‘parents presented as truth GO ONTO THE NEXT PAGE3 3 3 3 3 3.3 3 3 ‘50. For the author, the questions in lines 52-57 were significant because they (A) were examples of social issues not concerned with race (B) demonstrated the importance of government in the local Ghanaian community (©) revealed that Ghanaians and Americans endorse similar economic values (D) illustrated that race and economics are directly interrelated ) reinforced the author’s belief that social equity should be Ghana's priority 51. The author’s reaction to becoming “just a woman” (line 75) is best described as (A) (B) © @) ® smugness caution relict bemusement anger ‘52. With which of the following statements would the author of the passage most likely agree? (A) Inthe United States, racial concerns have ‘sometimes prevented people from paying, ‘enough attention to other issues. (B) Race is of primary importance when analyzing ‘most social issues. (©) Ghanaian society is a model that the United State: should adopt in dealing with racial issues. (D) Seeing things from a new perspective should not influence a person's deeply held belief. (©) Ghana may be forced eventually to confront ‘unresolved racial issues. STOP It you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only. Do not turn to any other section in the test.SECTION 4 Time — 25 minutes 20 Questions (21-40) Directions: ‘This section contains two types of questions. ‘You have 25 minutes to complete both types. You may use any available space for scratchwork. Notes: ‘The use of a calculator is permitted. All numbers used are real numbers. 2 “Tees that accompany problems inthis test are intended to provide information useful in solving the problems. Frey are drawn as accurately as possible EXCEPT when itis stated in a specific problem thatthe figure ie not drawn to scale. All figures lie in a plane unless otherwise indicated. £ Ih as 2 o u z Et 7 A=m? Aly A Bx C=2nr A=hbh — Vetwh Venrh — ctaa2+p? ‘The number of degrees of are in a circle is 360. ‘The measure in degrees of a straight angle is 180. ‘The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180. Special Right Triangles Reference Information (irection for Quantitative Comparioon Quests Questions 21-32 each consist of two quantities is ‘boxes, one in Column A and one in Column B. ‘You are to compare the two quantities and on the answer sheet fill in oval Column A A if the quantity in Column A is greater, =| # 20 e200 B if the quantity in Column B is greater, c if the two quantities are equal; D if the relationship cannot be determined from the information given. Notes: 1. In some questions, information is given about Ez : Le] one or both of the quantities to be compared. na In such cases, the given information is centered above the two columns and is not boxed. 2. Ina given question, a symbol that appears in both 7 and s are integers. columns represents the same thing in Column A as itdoes in Column B. Bs] rei C=] DBooe 3. Letters such as x, n, and & stand for real numbers. GO ONTO THE NEXT PAGE )400004a000u4 Answer: Column A x>0 a. [ -x Column B ‘One foot equals 12 inches. 22.) 75 percent of 2 fect 15 inches HAE ‘The figure shows one possible arrangement of the letters in the word STARS. SUMMARY DIRECTIONS FOR COMPARISON QUESTIONS AA if the quantity in Column A is greater; B if the quantity in Column B is greater; C ifthe two quantities are equal; D ifthe relationship cannot be determined from the information given. CoummnA = Column B (On the number line, n is a number that is closer to2 than to 6. s(n G H LI FGHJ is a square. 26. [ee pevimeter of Fons [ 2(FG + HJ) {j is an integer that is a multiple of 3. ik is an imteger that is a multiple of 9. aC GO ONTO THE NEXT PAG40000400004 SUMMARY DIRECTIONS FOR COMPARISON QUESTIONS Answer; A if the quantity in Column A is greater; B if the quantity in Column B is greater; C if the two quantities are equal; D if the relationship cannot be determined from the information given. Column A Column B Column A Coma B In the xy-plane, line & intersects the y-axis at the point (0, 5) and the x-axis at the point (4, 0). » Cie] [a] ‘The number is y more than the number z. Lo 9. | The number that is z Jess than the number 2x ‘The average (arithmetic mean) height for all the students in a class was 67 inches. The average height of the g girls in the class was 65 inches, while that of the b boys was’71 inches. vey? =10 y = 9x7 ‘The radius of the larger circle is twice the radius of the smaller circle. 30. |The area of the shaded | | Twice the area of the region smaller circle GO ONTO THE NEXT PAGE/ Directions for Student-Produced Response Questions Tach of the remaining 8 questions (33-40) requires you to solve the ‘ovals in the special grid, as shown in the examples below. Answer: 75 or 7/2 Answer: 2.5 OO} [OMENS 9 8 8 Q 8 oe e @6008 00006000 00000080 9 0809090 00600 €000608 @90600 e OO]O} a1 |<— Decimal problem and enter your answer by marking the Answer: 201 Bither position is correct. point ‘© Mark no more than one oval in any column. ‘© Because the answer sheet will be machine~ scored, you will receive credit only if the ovals are filled in correctly. ‘© Although not required, it is suggested that you ‘write your answer in the boxes at the top of the ‘columns to help you fill in the ovals accurately. . ‘Some problems may have more than one correct ‘answer, In such cases, grid only one answer. © No question has a negative answer. fe Mize numbers such as 24 must be gridded as 25 05/2. OF BRyLyZipl i arid, it wll be ; 2 not 21 interpreted as 7, not 25.) blank. © Decimal Accaracy: If you obtain a decimal ‘answer, enter the most accurate value the grid ‘will accommodate. For example, if you obtain an answer such as 0.6666 . . ., you should record the result as .666 or .667. Less accurate values such as .66 or .67 are not acceptable. ‘Acceptable ways to grid 2 =f 98421K317 33, In the nine-digit identification number above, K ‘a digit. Ifthe sum of all nine of the digits inthe number is divisible by 9, what is digit K?TU U Uo oe bool EY B A C 35. In AABC above, what is the value of x? — ‘36, The population of a certain town is 9,000. In this town, (60 percent of the people live 1 mile or less from a bus stop. Half of the people who live more than 1 mile from a bus stop do not need to use the bus. How many people in the town need to use the bus and live more than 1 mile from a bus stop? ‘37. If 6r + 7 = 2r + 42, what is the least possible value of r? es ABA xA DACA 38. In the correctly worked multiplication problem above, a three-digit number is multiplied by a one- digit number. Each of the four letters A, B,C, D Tepresents a different digit. What is one possible digit that A could represent?4 uUuUUU @ UuUUU & 39. 1f 4 = 3and 2 = 5 and + = 7, whatis the 40. The surface area of a cube is 54 square inches. What is r u * the volume of the cube, in cubic inches? value of 9 ? STOP Ht you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only. Do not tum to any other section in the test.9OoOJIp bd Dba YD SECTION 5 Time—30 minutes 39 Questions 1-39) Directions: For each question in this section, select the best answer from among the choices given and fill in the corresponding oval on the answer sheet. Directions: ‘The following sentences test your knowledge of grammar, usage, diction (choice of words), and idiom. ‘Some sentences are correct. No sentence contains more than one error. ‘You will find that the error, if there is one, is underlined and lettered. Elements of the sentence that are not underlined will not be changed. In choosing answers, follow the requirements of standard written English. If there is an error, select the one underlined part that must be changed to make the sentence correct and fill in the corresponding oval on your answer sheet. If there is no error, fill in answer oval ©. EXAMPLE: SAMPLE ANSWER The other delegates and him immediately DEO®DO A B c accepted the resolution drafted by the D neutral states. No error EB 1. No factor was more instrumental in bringing 2. During the Middle Ages, the center of the Mali A B A Ella Fitzgerald's voice on the attention of a large, empire in Africa is the city of Timbuktu, which c B c nonjazz audience in the mid-1950’s than her was renowned for its wealth as well as for its D D landmark songbook recording series. No error distinguished university. No error E E (GO ONTO THE NEXT PAGE -20- [soouToTENET ae »JY Ca Vv Ca 9 wOgWm ~*»D —_ oT YE DY » ” Standing atop a rocky cliff over 20 feet above A the pounding surf, I could hear Marilyn and Julia B laughing as she dove gracefully into the ocean c D below. No error E Encouraged by the witches’ prophecy, A the ambitious Macbeth usurped power B c with the help of hired assassins. No error D E ‘We had traveled no more than twenty miles A when it became apparent that our supply of B G gasoline would not be sufficient enough for the D tip across the desert. No error E ‘The technology used in language laboratories are A ot necessarily an improvement over older B c teaching techniques that involved considerable D interaction between student and teacher, No error E Widely differing characteristics can be observed A B in children born to the same parents and raised c underneath similar conditions. No error D E 8. Many men and women whose accomplishments A might otherwise have gone unrecognized are B c finally receiving the notice they deserve from D scholars in the field of labor history. No error E 9. The aerospace industry was wamed repeatedly A thatthe program of moon flights were likely to be BOC greatly curtailed. No error D E 10. Only after extensive analysis of carefully coordi- A need dna ave researchers concuded hat daytime beatigh operation may i reduce motorcycle fatalities. No error E 11. Many family friends say the physical resemblance A between my brother and I is more striking than B ic} the resemblance between most siblings. No error D E 12. Kerosene lamps came into use in the 1850's and A Spot sensations whee either charg ie Noerror EFon FJ nb Dpto D:D 13. Becanse Sarah is keenly motivated and very A intelligent, she assumes that her average in the B course will be higher than any other student. c D No error E 14, Elaine prides herself with her ability to speak A B Italian fluently, a skill that she learned as a child c living in Rome. No error D E 15, The enormous investment that P. T. Barnum had to make in order to purchase and transport A Jumbo were recovered within a week after the B c clephant had been placed on display. No error D E 16, Indisputably , technological booms create short- A ages of science teachers, and, until educational B salaries match industry, these shortages ic will continue. No error D E 17. Although none of the students fad heard of A before, the theory to which the physics lecturer B inferred is one commonly accepted by eminent G D scholars. No error E . Balloon angioplasty is often the preferred method A to remove fatty deposits in major heart arteries, B replacing heart bypass surgery, which is c more invasive procedure. No error D E Although the ports have the facilities to handle grain cargoes, the roads have been fee a eee ae nec eee eeae E ———_—_______v GO ONTO THE NEXT PAGE eee9 OO oO’ ove oo OY" VY Directions: ‘The following sentences test correctness and effectiveness of expression. In choosing answers, follow the requirements of standard written English; that is, pay attention to grammar, choice of words, sentence construction, and punctuation. In each of the following sentences, part of the sentence or the entire sentence is underlined. Beneath each sentence you will find five ways of phrasing the underlined part. Choice A repeats the original; the other four are different. Choose the answer that best expresses the meaning of the original sentence. If you think the original is better than any of the alternatives, choose it; otherwise choose one of the others. Your choice should produce the most. effective sentence—clear and precise, without awkwardness or ambiguity. EXAMPLE: SAMPLE ANSWER Laura Ingalls Wilder published her first. DEOD® and she was sixty-five years old then. (A) and she was sixty-five years old then (B) when she was sixty-five (C) atage sixty-five years old (D) upon the reaching of sixty-five years (B) at the time when she was sixty-five 20. Leon Wilson's new children’s book has little 22. Stephanie was nervous at the outset of the spelling educational value, but one that does provide competition, having shown admirabl considerable entertainment. ‘once the contest got under way. (A) but one that does provide (A) having shown admirable composure once the (B) but it does provide contest got (C) but that does provide (B) but she showed admirable composure once (@) however providing the contest (©) however that does provide (C) but showing admirable composure once the contest got 21. Several of the volunteers worked unceasing for (D) once she showed admirable composure when saising the money necessary to preserve the the contest got historic building. ©) however, she showed admirable composure , when the contest had been (A) worked unceasing for raising (B) worked unceasing to raise (©) worked to raise unceasingly (D) worked unceasingly for raising ©) worked unceasingly to raise THI 33 GO ONTO THE NEXT PAGE )9 mom vb oe op. eo YY OO ZY 23. The stories of famous industrialists and their 2A, Strolling on the wooden walkway above the swamp, ti an alli (A) right beneath them an alligator surfaced @) there was an alligator surfacing right beneath them (© an alligator surfaced right beneath them (D) they saw an alligator surface right beneath ther m (© they saw right beneath them an alligator surfaced 25. The use of videotape has made it possible for sports broadcasts to be instructive as well as entertain. (A) as well as entertain (B) and being entertaining as well (C) as well as entertaining (D) and entertains as well (©) as well as entertainment 26. In the 1920's a group of Black poets broke with English literary tradition; they celebrated the values of their own heritage instead of those favored by English poets. (A) tradition; they celebrated (B) tradition, which allowed them to celebrate (© tradition, their idea was to celebrate (D) tradition, and so they would celebrate (©) tradition, in this way leading to the celebration of 27. Whether there is a scientific basis to the alleged healing benefit of copper for individuals with arthritis remains unknown, and for some reason ‘many arthritic people have been helped by ‘wearing copper bracelets. (A) and for some reason (B) for some reason (© and that for some reason (D) but for some reason ®) that for some reason 28. American political tradition allows an idea, no under new ci (A) to be proclaimed as new when unearthed (B) that is unearthed as new to be proclaimed (© tw have been proclaimed as new when unearthed (@) to be unearthed as new when proclaimed ©) which one can proclaim as new when unearthed 28. Qoseton with lsu and mater posoesions _ (A) the collapse of that ancient civilization was brought about by its wealthy classes GB) the collapse of that ancient civilization has been brought about by its wealthy classes (C) that was the ancient civilization its wealthy classes caused to collapse (D) the wealthy classes of that ancient civilization has brought about their collapse ©) the wealthy classes of that ancient civilization brought about its collapse GO ONTO THE NEXT PAGEY9 CY Hooft —— YY" UY 30. If to inequi ‘among some employers, awareness of these inequities has grown in society as a whole, (A) If indifference to inequities exist (B) Although indifference to inequities exists (C) Where indifference for inequities exists (D) Although indifferences ‘about inequities exist 31. The speaker's aggressive manner had been inritating to some and he was tactful after several unpleasant encounters. (A) had been irritating to some and he was (B) had been irritating to some; but he had been (© bad been irritating to some; however, he became more (D) irritated some, while he was ©) imitated some, however he became 32, 33, Letterpress is the oldest method of printing, it was used for hundreds of years before other, more modem methods began to supplant it (A) it was used (B) though it was used ‘majority of them re ae tere the legate see na the year. (A) of them serve (B) of them are serving (© which serve (D) of whom serve (E) serve GO ONTO THE NEXT PAGE )Ion FF Fo 5 Directions: The following passage is an early draft ofan essay. Some parts of the passage nced to be rewritten. duestions 34-39 are based on the following vassage. (1) In the mid-1930's, an archaeologist discovered vidence that humans lived in a cave in the Sandia fountains in New Mexico more than 25,000 years ‘g0. (2) This discovery stirred interest for more than ne reason. (3) If in fact, the Sandia humans lived more than ‘5,000 years ago. (4) This would make their culture tore than twice as old as any previously discovered °aleolithic New World culture. (S) Second was the spearpoints found in the cave: ‘ey did not resemble any New World spearpoints, §) Instead, they looked like an Old World type, called ‘olutrean, which had previously been found in Spain nd France. (7) The spearpoints suggesting a Sandia tigration from Europe to the New World thousands fF years earlier than had been thought. (8) Eventually, careful investigation indicated that ‘ones of woolly mammoths found in the cave had been ‘eliberately planted there. (9) Then some archaeolo- ists showed that the Solutrean spearpoints had also ‘een planted. (10) Archaeologists have since ‘at a Sandia culture did not exist. (11) They base their ssertions on the fact that evidence of an ancient cul- we is typically found in many locations. (12) Not ‘eing the case with the Sandia discovery. (13) The original discoverer of Sandia culture ‘ent on to a career marked by fame and fortune. 14) Today, his discovery is virtually discredited. 34. Which is the best sentence to insert before sen- tence 3 to begin the second paragraph? (A) Because of the Sandia evidence they had to adjust their theories about the New World, (B) First of all, the evidence contradicted current beliefs about the history of cultures in North America. (©) Asa result of what he found in the cave, the archaeologist became famous. (@) Finding undisturbed evidence of ancient cul- tures in the desert Southwest is close to lereearanies impossib ©) Obviously, you would have to use sound sci- entific dating techniques on such evidence. 35. Which of the following is the best way to revise the underlined portions of sentences 3 and 4 (reproduced below) in order to combine the sentences? Uf, in fact, the Sandia humans lived more than 25,000 years is their ‘culture more than twice as old as any previously discovered Paleolithic New World culture, (A) ago, you would expect that their culture is (B) ago, making their culture (C) ago, their culture would be @) ago; this proves their culture was ©) ago; therefore their culture isI OOo be op ob ea —_ + —_ VY Ee 9 oD 16. Inconten, which ofthe following best epaces 38. In context, which is the best version of the “Second was” in sentence 5 underlined portion of sentence 12 (reproduced (A) Secondly, was Cu (B) Second of all are Not being the case with the Sandia discovery. (© Inaddition, were ed : (A) (As itis now) ®) A second issue concemed (B) Which is not true of ®) Another detail that might have been over (©) That pattem did not apply to looked (D) But not so for ¥7. In context, which is the best version of the under- ©) And they couldn't say that about ined portion of sentence 7 (reproduced below) ? 39. Whereis the best place to insert the following ‘The spearpoints suggesting a Sandia migration sentence? From ape to the New World thousands of years They had been placed there in an effort to mislead (A) (asitis now) fh (B) sceming to suggest a Sandia migration ey Aten cennce t (©) suggested that they migrated to the Sandia © Afer is ©) a Si i @) After sentence 8 iggested the migration of Sandia ©) suggested that Sandia people had migrated STOP Hf you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this test. ee(Aye Read the outside OF tee for more information about your Student Copy scares and next steps. 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