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substantia nigra
Symptoms include:
Tremors (typically in hands, arms and/or legs)
Stiffness or rigidity
Impaired balance
Bradykinesia
DBS continued
The extension- wire that connects the lead to the pacemaker
The pacemaker- surgically implanted near the collarbone area
Carbidopa-Levodopa
A combination of carbidopa and levodopa
Levodopa gets into brain and turns into dopamine
Carbidopa blocks nausea and vomiting
A regular and orally disintegrating tablet
Reduces PD symptoms:
Tremor
Stiffness
Slowness
disorder
Affected speech
Difficulty swallowing
Handwriting is slow and/or illegible
Falling
Sensory impairment
ADL
Time (years)
Patient 1
DOPA
350.00
Amount of DOPA
300.00
250.00
200.00
150.00
100.00
50.00
14
-2.50
-2.00
-1.50
Time
(years)
-1.00
-0.50
14
12
12
10
10
-3.00
Time (years)
ADL
Before DBS
0.00
-3.00 -1.00 1.00 3.00 5.00 7.00 9.00 11.00 13.00
After DBS
0
0.00
0
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
Time
(years)
8.00
10.00
12.00
Patient 2
DOPA
2500
Before Slope:
-2.1757
After Slope:
0.8362
Before y-int:
9.5966
After y-int: 11.104
Amount of DOPA
2000
1500
1000
500
-2.00
-3.50
-3.00
-2.50
-2.00
Time (years)
2.00
4.00
30
30
25
25
20
20
-1.50
-1.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
15
10
10
0
-0.50
6.00
After DBS
Years
15
-4.00
0
0.00
ADL
Before DBS
-4.00
0
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
Time (years)
10.00
12.00
Patient 3
Before DBS
After DBS
12.000
25.000
10.000
20.000
8.000
15.000
4.000
2.000
-7.00
-6.00
-5.00
-4.00
Time
(years)
-3.00
-2.00
-1.00
0.000
0.00
ADL
6.000
10.000
5.000
0.000
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
Time (years)
7.00
8.00
9.00
Overall Comparison
Before vs. After slope
25
3
2
20
1
15
0
-3
-2
-1
0
-1
3
10
-2
5
-3
-4
0
2
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
Conclusion
Overall before slope: 0.667
Over after slope: 1.103
The slope is basically unchanged. This shows that the
progression of the disease is the same over the years of
diagnosis.
Conclusion
Overall before y-int: 11.469
Overall after y-int: 9.847
The y-intercept has an average decrease of 1.622. This shows
there is sudden improvement in Activities of Daily Living after a
Parkinsons patient has received DBS.