Doan, Kazzazi 1

Annotated Bibliography
Primary Sources:
Internet History Sourcebooks Project. Internet History Sourcebooks project. N.p. n.d.
Web. 3 Dec. 2015
Galileos letter was written to the Grand Duchess Christina of Tuscany on 1615.
The letter describes how Galileo disagreed with the Copernican Theory that the sun is at
rest near the center of the universe. This letter is a primary source because Galileo wrote
it himself and at the time it happened. The letter relates to the theme of Exploration,
Encounter, and Exchange because Galileo talks about exploring the Heavens. This
source will be used to show that Galileo made his own discoveries and disagreed with
theories that other astronomers said.
Galilei, Galileo and Van Helden, Albert. The Starry Messenger. Galileo, Galilei, 1610.
Print.
The book The Starry Messenger states Galileos discoveries when he pointed his
telescope to space. He discovered the moon is not flat and that planets orbit the sun. he
also discovered many of the moons that orbited the other planets. The Starry Messenger
is a primary source because the book was written and published by Galileo. The book is
about Galileo exploring and encountering the stars and planets. This is how it relates to
the theme of Exploration, Encounter, and Exchange. The information in this source will
be used to state what Galileo discovered in the final project.

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Secondary Sources:
Staff, By Live Science. Who Was Galileo Galilei? LiveScience. Tech Media Network, 30
Aug. 2012. Web. 23 Mar. 2016.
Who Was Galileo Galilei? states thats Galileo did not invent the telescope, but
he looked through it to discover moons, phases of planets, and sun spots. This is a
secondary source because it was written after all events happened. Galileo encountered
problems with the Catholic Church, and he also explored the stars and planets, which is
how this website relates to the theme. The information from this website will be used to
state what Galileo discovered when he looked through the telescope.
Biography.com Editors. Galileo Biography. The Biography.com Website A&E TV
Networks, n.d. Web. 6 Nov. 2015.
Galileo Biography is about Galileos early life and what he studied. It describes
the problems he had with the Catholic Church. This website is a secondary source
because the facts gathered werent written directly by Galileo. By describing how Galileo
encountered problems with the Catholic Church and explored the heavens through a
microscope, this source relates to the theme of Exploration, Encounter, and Exchange in
History. This website will be used for telling what he did before exploring the heavens,
like being a teacher and mathematician.

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The Doc. Galileo Galilei Famous Scientist. N.p., n.d. Web. 1. Dec. 2015
This website explains Galileos early interests and some of his scientific
discoveries. It also explains the trouble Galileo had with the Catholic Church. This is a
secondary source because it was written after the actual events occurred. Galileo
encountered many discoveries about the planets and their moons, and problems with the
Catholic Church, which is how this website connects to the theme of Exploration,
Encounter, and Exchange. Information from this source, will be used to list Galileos
scientific discoveries.
Smithsonian.com. Smithsonian.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 6 Dec 2015.
Ever since Galileo turned his telescope towards the sky, he discovered the moons
craters and Jupiters moon. He made a book about his discoveries. This website is a
secondary source because it written after the event actually happened. Galileo exploring
space with his telescope and encountering problems with the church is how it relates to
the theme of Exploration, Encounter, and Exchange. The websites information will be
used as facts on what Galileo discovered.
Encyclopedia Britannica. Britannica.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Dec. 2015.
Born in Pisa, Tuscany, Galileo is a mathematician who saw a telescope being
created to see things that were far away. Galileos Copernicanism caused trouble for him
so he wrote a letter to the Grand Duchess talking about it. This source is a secondary
source because it was not written by Galileo. The exploration of the stars and planets,
exchanging ideas about the heavens, and encountering problems with the Copernicanism
and the Catholic Church is how this source relates to the theme. We will use this source to

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state information about Galileos early life and the problems he faced with being an
astronomer.