COMPARATIVE

POLICE SYSTEM

What is comparative police system?

Comparing our police system with selected

police models from other parts of the world.
How can this be done?
By Comparative research which is usually carried
by the so called safari method (a
researcher
visits
another
country)
or
collaborative method (the researcher
communicates with a foreign researcher).

05/09/16

Published works tend to fall into one of there

categories:
single-culture studies(the crime problem of a
single foreign country is discussed),
two-culture
studies(the
most
common
type),and;
comprehensive studies(which cover three or
more countries).Examinations of crime and its
control in the comparative context often require
an historical perspective.

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Since the phenomena under study have

frequently developed under unique social,
economic, and political structures. Hence, the
method most often employed by researchers is
the
historical-comparative
method.
To
summarize the historical-comparative method
in a few words, it is basically an alternative to
both quantitative and qualitative researcher
method
that
is
sometimes
called
historiography or holism.

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In Historiography : Eight ways to

do
History

The Great Man approach,

The Historical Forces approach,
The Crisis of Civilization approach,
The Dialectic approach,
The Evolutionary approach,
The Geographic factor approach
The Conflict or "who won approach and
The Serendipity or Accidental discovery
approach.

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There are four kinds of societies in

the world

(1) Folk-Communal, which are also called

primitive societies;
(2) Urban-Commercial, which rely on the trade
as the essence or their market system;
(3) Urban-Industries, which produce most of the
goods and services they need without
government interference; and
(4) Bureauacratic,or modern post-industrial
societies where the emphasis upon is
technique or the:technologizingof
everything, with the government taking the
lead
6

05/09/16

Some people also talk about a fifth

type, the post-modern society,
where the emphasis is upon the
meaning
of
words,
coded
narratives,
and
the
deconstruction of institutions.
7

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Four Legal Traditions

It is the consensus of experts is that there are
four types of legal traditions in the world.
Common law system-are distinctive in the
significance they attach to precedent(the
importance of previously decided cases)
Civil law system-also known as Continental
justice, Romano-Germanic justice, or Roman
law. It the largest and most prevalent system
of justice in the world.

05/09/16

Socialist

system-it is distinguished by
procedures designed to forcibly rehabilitate
or retrain people into fulfilling their
responsibilities to the state.
Islamic System- also known as Muslim or
Arabic justice. It derives all of its
procedures
and
practices
from
interpretation of the Koran.

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COURT SYSTEMS
Court systems of the world are of two types:
Adversarial where the
innocent until proven guilty.

accused

is

Inquisitorial where the accused is guilty

until proven innocent or mitigated.

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Coverage/Scope of the Subject:

1.Concept of Globalization to Police
Service
2.Transnational Crime
3.Selected Police Models
4.Role of INTERPOL
5.Bilateral International Cooperation
of Transnational Crime
6.Participation of PNP Personnel in
UN Peacekeeping Missions

Definition of terms
Globalizationis a process of interaction and
integration among the people, companies, and
governments of different nations, a process
driven by international trade and investment
and aided by information technology.

12

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Globalization a process by
which regional economies,
societies,
cultures
have
become integrated through a
global
network
of
communication,
transportation and trade.

Theworldwidemovement
toward
economic,financial,
trade,
andcommunicationsintegration.
Globalization
implies the opening of local and nationalistic
perspectivesto a broader outlook of an
interconnected and interdependent world
withfreetransferof
capital,
goods,
andservicesacross national frontiers. However,
it does not include unhindered movement
oflaborand,
as
suggested
by
someeconomists,
may
hurt
smaller
or
fragileeconomiesif appliedindiscriminately.
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05/09/16

Globalization
Negative Effects:
1.Sweatshop
2.Brain drain
3.Effect on Environmental Degradation
4.Food Security
5.Effect on Disease
6.Drug and Illicit Goods Trade

United States - the prime mover of Globalization

Transnational Crime refers to crime that takes

place across national borders. In short,

borderless crimes In the world of organized
crimes, profit is the ultimate motive.
Organized Crime Groups

the United Nations

defined it as a structured group of three or more
persons existing for a period of time and acting
in concert with the aim of committing one or
more serious crimes or offenses in order to
obtain, directly, or indirectly, a financial or other
material benefit.

TRANSNATIONAL
CRIME

TERRORISM

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05/09/16

TERRORISM

Define

as the unlawful use of force or

violence against persons or property to
intimidate or coerce a government, the
civilian population, or any segment thereof,
in furtherance of political or social objectives
(FBI, 1997)

Assassination the deliberate killing of top-

ranking
government
prominent personalities .

officials

and/or

The term terrorism comes from

French terrorisme, from Latin:

terror, great fear, dread,
related
to
the
Latin
verb
terrere, to frighten.
The

use of the word first

appeared in January 1795 in The
Times.

Characteristics of terrorism
Premeditated or Planned
Politically motivated
Aimed at civilians
Carried out by sub-national

groups

Typology of terrorism
Nationalist

Terrorism seek to form a

separate state of their own and frequently
depict their activities as a fight for liberation.
Religious Terrorism pursue their own vision
of the divine will and use violence intended
to bring about social and cultural changes
State-sponsored Terrorism deliberately
used by radical states as foreign policy tools

 Left-wing Terrorism seek to destroy

economies based on free enterprise

and to replace them with socialist or
communist economic systems.

Right-wing Terrorism motivated by

fascist ideals and work toward the

dissolution
of
democratic
governments.

Anarchist

Terrorism

are
revolutionaries who seek to overthrow
all established forms of government.

Domestic

Terrorism refers to the

unlawful use of force or violence by a
group or an individual who is based
and operates within a state.

International

Terrorism is the
unlawful use of force or violence by a
group or an individual who has
connection to a foreign power or
whose activities transcend national
boundaries against person or property
to intimidate or coerce a government.

Cyber-terrorism

is a form of
terrorism that makes use of high
technology especially computers,
the Internet and the World Wide Web
in the planning and carrying out of
terrorist attacks.

TERRORIST
ORGANIZATIONS
AlQaeda
Founded by Osama bin Laden in 1988
in Saudi Arabia.
An

Islamic jihadist movement to

replace
Western-controlled
or
dominated Muslim countries with
Islamic fundamentalist regimes.

Osama Bin- Laden

Born in March 10, 1957 in Riyadh,

Saudi Arabia
The only son of his fathers tenth wife.
At the age of 17, Osama married his

first wife.
Osama married four women and

fathered roughly 25 or 26 children.

THE SEPTEMBER 11, 2001

ATTACK

Al-Qaedas well known attack

19
men
hijacked
4
commercial

passenger jet airliners

Crashing 2 of them into the World Trade
Center, 1 in Pentagon and the other 1 in
Pennsylvania.
2, 973 died and the 19 hijackers.
Al Qaeda in Arabic is known as The
Base.
It
is
the
terrorist
group
responsible for the September 11, 2001
attacks of the Pentagon in Washington
DC and the World Trade Center in New
York.

COUNTERTERRORISM
Refers to the practices, tactics

and
strategies
that
governments, militaries and
other groups adopt in order to
fight terrorism.

NATO and US Military Definition

Operations that include the

offensive measures taken to

prevent, deter, preempt and
respond to terrorism.

Types of
Counterterrorism

Strategic Counterterrorism
Deny resources, such as finances or

base areas, to the terrorists. It will

capture, kill, or convert terrorist
leaders.

Tactical and Operational

Counterterrorism
Creation of elite units or forces,

whose role is to directly engage

terrorists and prevent terrorist
attacks.
They
perform
both
in
preventive
actions,
hostage
rescue and responding to ongoing attacks.

Counter-Terrorist Groups
AUSTRALIA
Tactical Assault Group (TAG)
Special Air Service Regiment (SASR)
GERMANY
Grenzschutzgruppe-9 (GSG-9)
ISRAEL
Sayeret Matkal (General Staff
Reconnaissance Unit 269

NETHERLANDS
Bijzondere Bijstands Eenheid BBE
NORWAY
Forsvarets Spesialkommando (FSK)
Special Commando of the Defense
OMAN
Sultans Special Forces Cobras

UNITED KINGDOM (UK)

Special Air Service (SAS)
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Delta Force
Seal Team Six
PHILIPPINES
Special Action Force (PNP-SAF)
Special Operations Group (PASCOMSOG)

UNITED NATIONS COUNTER-TERRORISM

COMMITTEE

The CTC was established by Security

Control resolution 1373 (2001), which
was adopted unanimously on Sept. 28,
2001 in the wake of the 11 September
terrorist attack in the United States.
The

Committee, comprising
Security Council Members

all

15

UNITED STATES OF
AMERICAS NATIONAL COUNTERTERRORISM
CENTER (NCTC)

Established by Presidential Executive Order

13354 in August 2004 and codified by the
Intelligence
Reform
and
Terrorism
Prevention Act of 2004.

PHILIPPINE CENTER
ON TRANSNATIONAL CRIME (PCTC)

Created on January 15, 1999 by Executive

Order No. 62 under the Office of the President
to formulate and implement a concerted of
action of all law enforcement, intelligence
and other government agencies for the
prevention and control of transnational crime.

REPUBLIC ACT NUMBER 9372

HUMAN SECURITY ACT OF 2007
Signed into law by Pres. Gloria
Macapagal-Arroyo and effective on
July 2007, officially aimed at
tackling militants in the Southern
Philippines, including Abu Sayyaf
Group, which has links to Al-Qaeda
and
has
been
blamed
for
bombings and kidnappings in the
region.

TERRRORISM
IN THE
PHILIPPINES

ISLAMIC TERRORIST GROUP

the MORO people is the generic
BANGSA MORO

name for the 13 ethno linguistic Muslim

tribes in the Philippines which
constitute a quarter of the population in
Mindanao in the Southern Philippines.
Three Major Groups:
Maguindanaons
Maranaos
Tausogs

ABU SAYYAF GROUP (ASG)

Aliases: Al-Harakat Al-Islamiyah

Bearer of the Sword

Father of the Swordsman

Founding Philosophy:
The Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG) was formed
in 1991 during the peace process
between the Philippine government and
the nationalist/separatist terrorist group,
the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF)
ASG was lead by Abdurajak Janjalani, who

was recruited for training in Afghanistan.

This Philippine-based terrorist group is listed by

the United States of America as one of the
major terrorist organizations in the World
today. This renegade faction of a bigger
organization working to have an independent
state in the Southern Philippines is involved in
atrocities
like
kidnapping
for
ransom,
ambuscades, raids and the like.

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RAJAH SOLAIMAN MOVEMENT

Aliases: Balik Islam or Back to

Islam
Founded by Hilarion del Rosario

Santos III, a.k.a. Hannah Santos,

Ahmed Santos, Hilarion del Rosario.
Converted to Islam in 1993 and

married into the top ranks of the

leadership of the Abu Sayyaf Group
(ASG)

JEMAAH ISLAMIYA (JI)

Aliases: Islamic Community, Islamic Group
An extremist Islamic group that is believed

to be linked to Al Qaeda and responsible

for the bombing of the nightclub in Bali in
2002 that killed 192 people. It is a terrorist
group that is reportedly training the MILF
elements in Mindanao.

JEMAAH ISLAMIYA (JI)

The Philippine cell is the smallest of the JI

cells in Southeast Asia.

Considered

as the major logistics cell,

responsible for acquiring explosives, guns
and other equipment.

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COMMUNIST
INFLUENCE

NEW PEOPLES ARMY (NPA)

Formed in 1969 with support from

China.
Created as the armed wing of the

Communist Party of the Philippines.

DRUG
TRAFFICKING
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DRUG TRAFFICKING
Drug Trafficking is the illegal cultivation,
culture, delivery, administration, dispensation,
manufacture, sale, trading, transportation,
distribution, importation, exportation and
possession of any dangerous drug and/or
controlled precursor and essential chemical.

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

The worlds largest market for illegal

drugs.

Marijuana, Cocaine and Heroin

The most heavily abused drugs

Methamphetamine
The cause of the fastest-growing drug
problem in the United States.

DRUG ENFORCEMENT
ADMINISTRATION (DEA)
The

Federal
Agency
responsible for controlling the
spread of illegal drugs in the
United States and abroad.

PHILIPPINE DRUG ENFORCEMENT

AGENCY (PDEA)

Created

through
Republic
Act
No.
9165
Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002
under the Dangerous Drugs Board.
Dangerous Drugs Board the Philippine government
agency mandated to formulate policies, strategies
and programs on drug prevention and control.
Republic Act 9165 it is known as the Philippine
Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002
PDEA is under the Office of the President and is
headed by a Director General.
The basic age qualification to become a PDEA drug
enforcement officer is 21 to 35 years old.

SOUTHEAST ASIAN REGION

Considered as a hot spot in relation

to the drug trade.

China leading producer of opium

poppy
The Golden Triangle manufactures

opium and heroin.

REGIONAL
INITIATIVES
TO ADDRESS
THE DRUG TRADE

ASSOCIATION OF SOUTHEAST
ASIAN NATIONS (ASEAN)
Continuously

pooling
their
resources to effectively address
drug trafficking.

DRUG TRADE
IN THE
PHILIPPINES

The Philippines is a producer, exporter and

consumer of cannabis plant-based drugs

(marijuana, hashish, et.al).
The Philippines is an importer and
consumer of synthetic drugs, in particular
methamphetamine hydrochloride (shabu).
The Philippines is a transit point for the
international trade in heroin and cocaine.
The Philippines is being used as a
recreation place, an investment and money
laundering haven.

RP: FAVORABLE CONDITION TO

DRUG TRADE
Economic Policy
Banking System
Geographical Location
Political System

MONEY
LAUNDERING

MONEY LAUNDERING
Is

the method by which

criminals disguise the illegal
origins of their wealth and
protect their asset bases.

BRIEF HISTORY
The

term money laundering

originated from Mafia ownership of
Laundromats in the United States.
The first use of the term money
laundering
was
during
the
Watergate Scandal 1973 in United
States.

Stages of Money Laundering

Placement
The first stage in the washing cycle.

The money are placed into the

financial system or retail economy or
are smuggled out of the country.
The aim is to remove the case from
the location of acquisition

Layering
The first attempt at concealment or

disguise of the source of the

ownership of the funds by creating
complex
layers
of
financial
transactions designed to disguise
the
audit
trail
and
provide
anonymity.
Moving money in and out of the
bank account of bearer through
electronic funds transfer.

Integration
The final stage in the process
The money is integrated into the

legitimate economic and financial

system and assimilated in all other
assets in the system.

REPUBLIC ACT NUMBER 9160,

as amended by REPUBLIC
ACT NUMBER 9194
ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING
ACT OF 2001

MONEY LAUNDERING
Is a crime whereby the proceeds of

an unlawful activity as herein

defined are transacted, thereby
making them appear to have
originated from legitimate sources.

ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING
COUNCIL
Financial intelligence unit in

the Philippines that conducts

investigations on suspicious
transactions.

Questions, Answers and Facts

about Money Laundering
Q: What is money laundering and why
do people do it?

Today, enterprise criminals of every sort,

from drug traffickers to stock fraudsters to

corporate embezzlers and commodity
smugglers,mustlaunder money for two
reasons. The first is that the money trail
itself can become evidence; the second is
that the money can be the target of
investigation and seizure.

The

operational principles of money

laundering are as follows: first, moving the
funds from direct association with the
crime; second, disguising the trail to foil
pursuit; and, third, making the money
available to the criminal once again with its
origins hidden from view.

Q: How much money is laundered every

year and how much is recovered by
law enforcement?

A:Estimates have ranged as high as $300

billion to $500 billion a year. Law
enforcement authorities recover about
$500 million in a good year, roughly a
quarter of 1 per cent.

Q: What are the consequences of money

laundering activities for national
economies?

A:Money
laundering
undermines
international efforts towards free and
competitive markets, and the development
of national economies:

It distorts the functioning of markets: money

laundering transactions can increase the

demand for cash, create exchange rate
volatility and generate unfair competition.
It damages credibility and therefore the
stability of financial markets: bank collapses
related to organized crime activities can have
a domino effect on the financial system of
individual
countries
or
regions.

Small States are particularly vulnerable to

money laundering. The economic power

generated by outlaw activities provides
criminal organizations with leverage on
small
economies.
The
absence
of
appropriate controls, or of the capacity to
enforce them, provides de facto impunity to
criminals.

Q: How effective are the international

instruments
governing
money
laundering?

A:The international community is not using

all the tools at its disposal. The 1988 UN
Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic
Drugs and Psychotropic Substances obliges
States to make money laundering illegal
and assist investigations. Of the 148
signatories to the Convention, fewer than
30 are fully implementing its measures.

Q: Is there an acceptable right to

banking privacy?

A:Yes,
but
acceptable
levels
of
confidentiality must be clearly defined.
There are legitimate commercial, legal or
even
human
rights
reasons
for
confidentiality. However, the abuse of bank
secrecy must be countered.

Q: What role does the Internet have in

money
laundering?

A:Internet banking is a growing source of

worry. It has already been proven that
fraudulent banking business can be
conducted via the Internet. For example, in
one case an Internet bank was domiciled in
an offshore centre, the server was in
another country and the operational
management was located in a third.

When the owners of the bank stole the

depositors' funds, it was impossible to
pursue
them
through
the
three
jurisdictions. Their actions were not even
considered illegal in the jurisdiction where
the bank was physically located.

Q: What should
community

the

international
do?

A:The

members of the international

community have agreed to comply with the
existing international instruments currently
governing money laundering by the year
2003.
Of
particular
importance
is
adherence to the provisions of the 1988
United Nations Convention against Illicit
Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic
Substances.

But the international community needs to

continue to question the way banks are

defined. Should they be chartered by
Governments in order to tighten controls?
How should they be regulated? Should we
allow companies to be formed in places
where they have no apparent purpose
connected
with
normal
commercial
activities, or whose owners may conceal
their identity?

An emphasis must be placed on systemic

reforms, rather than specific tinkering with
the odd regulation. The harmonization of
regulatory regimes covering financial
havens, trusts, shell companies and banks
should be a main goal.

Q: What can the UN Global Programme

against Money Laundering (GPML) do
to
help?

A:Developing countries, and those with

economies in transition, are in particular
need of technical assistance and training.
Local law enforcement cannot crack down
on complex financial crimes unless they
know the tricks of the money launderer.

The UN Global Programme against Money

Laundering is ready to provide expert
training, assistance, public awareness and
research tools on the art of financial
investigations,
prosecutions, best banking practices and
financial
regulations
for
government,
business, law enforcement and judicial
professionals.

HUMAN
TRAFFICKING

HUMAN TRAFFICKING
A crime against humanity.
RA 9208 it is the Philippine law

that defines and penalizes human

trafficking
It involves an act of recruiting,
transporting,
transferring,
harboring or receiving a person
through the use of force, coercion
or other means, for the purpose of
exploiting them.

ELEMENTS OF HUMAN
TRAFFICKING
1. The Act (What is done)
recruitment,

transportation,
transfer, harbouring or receipt
of persons

2. The Means (How it is done)

Threat

or

use of force,
coercion, abduction, fraud,
deception, abuse of power or
vulnerability,
or
giving
payments or benefits to a
person in control of the victim

3. The Purpose (Why it is done)

For the purpose of exploitation,

which includes exploiting the

prostitution of others, sexual
exploitation,
forced
labor,
slavery or similar practices and
the removal of organs.

CYBER CRIMES

CYBER CRIMES
Refers

to all activities done with

criminal intent in the cyberspace.

Crimes committed with the use of

Information
Technology,
where
computer, network, internet is the
target and where the internet is the
place of activity.

TYPES OF
CYBER CRIMES

HACKING
The act of illegally accessing the

computer system/network of an
individual,
group
or
business
enterprise without the consent or
approval of the owner of the
system.

CRACKING
A higher form of hacking in which

the unauthorized access culminates

with the process of defeating the
security system for the purpose of
acquiring money or information
and/or availing of free services.

MALICIOUS SENDING OF EMAILS

Sending

of
malicious
and
defamatory electronic mails as a
medium of extorting money, or
threatening prospective victims.

INTERNET PORNOGRAPHY
Trafficking, distribution, posting and

dissemination of obscene material

including childrens nude pictures,
indecent exposure and child sex
slavery posted into the internet, live
streaming videos aired through the
internet under a certain fee.

LAUNCHING OF HARMFUL
VIRUSES

DISTRIBUTED DENIAL OF SERVICE ATTACKS

(DDOS)
WEBSITE DEFACEMENT
The unauthorized modification of a
website.
ACQUIRING CREDIT CARD INFORMATION
FROM A WEBSITE THAT OFFERS ESERVICES

INTERNET SHOPPING USING

FRAUDULENTLY ACQUIRED CREDIT
CARDS
WIRE TRANSFER OF FUNDS FROM A
FRAUDULENTLY ACQUIRED CREDIT
CARD
ONLINE AUCTION FRAUD

SELECTED
POLICE MODELS

JAPAN POLICE SYSTEM

Japan National Police

Agency
A civilian law enforcement
agency formed in 1954 and is
known as Keisatsu-ch.

 An administrative commission

operating on the basis of liaison

and coordination with the
Cabinet, the National Public
Safety
Commission
is
a
government body responsible
for
the
administrative
supervision of the police.

The
National
Public
Safety
Commission is composed of the
Chairman and five members. A
minister in the Cabinet is
appointed as the chairman of the
Commission.
The
chairman
presides
over
Commission
meetings and also supervises
matters relating to the operation
of the Commission.

National Police
Agency

The head of the NPA is the Commissioner

General who is appointed and dismissed by

the National Public Safety Commission with
the consent of the Prime Minister.
Koban the famous patrol system in Japan.
The Japanese police follow the British rank

model.

Imperial Guard a sub-organization

or unit of the National Police
agency of Japan which provides
personal security of the Emperor,
Crown Prince and other members
of the Imperial Family as well as
the physical security of imperial
properties including the Imperial
Palaces, Villas, Repository
117

05/09/16

Under control of the National Public Safety

Commission,
the
Commissioner-General
administers the tasks of the NPA, appoints
and dismisses Agency employees, and
supervises and controls the prefectural
police regarding the affairs under the
jurisdiction of the Agency.
Prefecture in Japan is equivalent to province
in the Philippines.
Chuzaisho - the residential police boxes in
Japans Police System.

NINE POLICE
RANKS

Keishi-sokan (Superintendent General of the

Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department),

Keishi-kan (Superintendent Supervisor),
Keishi-cho (Chief Superintendent),
Keishi-sei (Senior Superintendent),

Keishi (Superintendent),
Keibu (Police Inspector),
Keibu-ho (Assistant Police Inspector),
Junsa-bucho (Police Sergeant)
Junsa (Policeman).

SINGAPORE
POLICE SYSTEM

SINGAPORE
POLICE FORCE

SINGAPORE POLICE FORCE

The main agency tasked with maintaining

law and order in the city-state.

Formerly known as the Republic of Singapore
Police
Deputy Director General the equivalent
rank in the PNP of the Chief of Staff of the
Singapore Police Force which holds the rank
of Senior Assistant Commissioner.
Commissioner of Police - heads Singapore
Police Force.

The staff functions is equivalent to

administration in the PNP while the line
unit function is equivalent to operation
in
the
PNP.
Neighborhood Police Center the
community
policing
program
in
Singapore which is the counterpart of
Japans
residential
boxes.

Rank Structure
CP - Commissioner of Police
DC - DeputyCommissioner of

Police
SAC - Senior
AssistantCommissioner of Police
DAC - Deputy
AssistantCommissioner of Police
AC - Assistance Commissioner
of Police

Supt - Superintendent
DSP - DeputySuperintendent

of Police
ASP - Assistant
Superintendent of Police
SSI2 - Senior Station Inspector
2
Insp. - Inspector
SSI - Senior Station Inspector

SI -Station Inspector
SSS - Senior Staff

Sergeant
SS- Staff Sergeant
Sgt - Sergeant
Cpl - Corporal
PC
- Police Constable

MINISTRY OF HOME
AFFAIRS

 A ministry of the Government of

Singapore responsible for

safety,
civil
defense
immigration.

public
and

It is also known as the Home Team.

It is headed by the Minister for

Home Affairs.

AUSTRALIA
Australian Federal Police (AFP)
Home Affairs Ministry-DILG of the

Philippines
Federal Agent lowest rank
Chief Police Officer highest rank
Federal Police is the primary
responsible for the general policing
in Australian Capital Territory.

New South Wales Police the first and largest

police force in Australia. Its personnel are the
highest paid police force in the country.
Crime Stoppers the crime reduction program
that runs in each state of Australia which
involved the citizens to collect information
about crime and passes it on to the police.
Federal Structure in Australia is given general
policing functions.
The ranks of superintendent and inspector are
patterned from the British Model.

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POLICE SYSTEM OF
OTHER
ASEAN COUNTRIES

THAILAND

Head of
Police
Chief of
Police

DEPARTME HIGHEST
LOWEST
NT
RANK
RANK
Ministry of Police
Private
Home
Major
Affairs
General
There are 7 State and 7 regional/divisional
Police Forces and three additional State/Division Police
Forces commanded by Police Colonels. Their
jurisdictions are divided according to the Civil
Administration. The States and Regional, Additional
States have the same status. Each State and
Regional/divisional Police Force consist of four
components.
1. Office of the Commander of the State and
Divisional Police Force
2. Office of the Commander of the District Police Force
3. Office of the Commander of the Township Police
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13
5 Force

ROYAL THAI
POLICE
A

Southeast Asian Country police force

that is headed by a Director General
holding the rank of Police General. Its
rank structure is patterned to the military
model and its headquarters is based in
the city of Bangkok.

 The national police of Thailand.

Primary responsibility for the maintenance

of public order through enforcement of the

kingdom's laws
Charged with performing police functions

throughout the entire country

INDONESIA

INDONESIAN
NATIONAL POLICE

The official police force for Indonesia

The police were formally separated

from the military in April 1999, a

process
which
was
formally
completed in July 2000 and placed
under the Office of the President.
Has a centralized command and
divided into territorial forces
Central Bureau of Investigation
Indias premier investigative agency
and the counterpart of the FBI of US.

RANK STRUCTURE

In

the early years, the Polri used

European police style ranks like inspector
and commissioner. When the police were
included into the military structure during
the 1960s, the ranks changed to a
military style such as Captain, Major and
Colonel. In the year 2000, when the Polri
conducted the transition to a fully
independent force out of the armed
forces 2000, they use British style police
ranks like Inspector and Superintendent.
The Polri have returned to Dutch style
ranks just like in the early years.

Police General

> highest rank

Second Police Brigadier

> lowest rank

The Ministry of Public Security is

the principal authority of China.
Triad underground criminal
societies based in Hongkong
which are often involved in
money-laundering and drug
trafficking.
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MALAYSIA

Royal Malaysian Police

A main branch of security forces in Malaysia.
The force is a centralized organization that has

a gamut of roles that ranges from traffic

control to intelligence.
Our headquarters is located in Bukit Aman,
Kuala Lumpur.
The Royal Malaysian Police force is led by an
Inspector-General of Police (IGP).

Head of
DEPARTME HIGHEST
Police
NT
RANK
Police Chief Ministry of Inspector
Home
General of
Affairs
Police

Royal
Malays
ian
Police
Ranks

LOWEST
RANK
Constable

Vietnam
Peoples Police of Vietnam
The law enforcement in Vietnam is called the Vietnam
People's Public Security\. It is under command of the Ministry
of Public Security.
Vietnam People's Public Security is a part of Vietnam
People's Armed Forces, it includes two branches:
Vietnam People's Police
Vietnam People's Security Force
14
8

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Head of
DEPARTME HIGHEST
Police
NT
RANK
Police Chief Ministry of Police
Public
General
Security
Highest Rank (Army Forces)
i Tng (General)
Thng Tng (Senior Lieutenant General)
Trung Tng (Lieutenant General)
Thiu Tng (Major General)

14
9

Middle-ranking and Low-ranking Officers

i T (Colonel)
Thng T (Senior Lieutenant Colonel)
Trung T (Lieutenant Colonel)
Thiu T (Major)
i y (Captain)
Thng y (Senior Lieutenant)
Trung y (Lieutenant)
Thiu y (Junior Lieutenant)

LOWEST
RANK
Police Sub
Lieutenant

Myanmar (Burma)
A country in Southeast Asia where the police
force is under the military establishment

Myanmar Police Force

Formally known as The People's Police Force,
was established in 1964 as independent
department under Ministry of Home Affairs.
It was reorganized on 1 October 1995 and
informally become part of Tatmadaw. Its
command structure is based on established
civil jurisdictions. Each of Myanmar's seven
states and seven divisions has their own Police
with headquarters in the respective
05/09/16
15Forces
0

Private-is the lowest rank in Myanmar

Police Force

151

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Cambodia
Cambodian Police Force
The police are organized into six departments: 1.
security, 2. transport, 3. public order, 4. border, 5.
administrative, and 5. judicial. While the judicial
police are meant to function under the prosecutorgeneral's office.
Head of
DEPARTME HIGHEST
LOWEST
Police
NT
RANK
RANK
Police Chief Ministry of Brigadier
Officer
Interior
General
Cadet
15
2

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Cambodian Police Force

Ranks
GENERAL (STARED)

Brigadier General
Major General
General Lieutenant
HIGH COMMISSIONER
(STRIPED)

15
3

Major
Lieutenant Colonel
Colonel
Second Lieutenant
First Lieutenant
CAPTAIN

(NON-STRIPED)

Staff Sergeant
First Sergeant
Command Sergeant Major
Warrant Officer
Chief Warrant Officer
Officer Cadet

05/09/16

LAO Peoples Democratic

Republic

LAO Police Force

Head of
Police
Chief LAO
Police Force

15
4

DEPARTME HIGHEST
NT
RANK
Ministry of General
Public
Security

LOWEST
RANK
Constable

05/09/16

Brunei Darussalam

Royal Brunei Police Force

Head of
Police
Commission
er

DEPARTME HIGHEST
LOWEST
NT
RANK
RANK
Ministry of Inspector
Constable
Home
General of
Police
takes charge of
AffairsforcePolice

Brunei
prison and fire services aside from
keeping law and order.
Inspector General is the highest
rank in the Brunei Police Force. In
the Philippines, Internal Affairs
05/09/16
15
is headed by Inspector
5 Service

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

US Federal Police
Department of Justice
Federal Police lowest rank
Police Chief highest rank
Local Police is generally responsible for

policing in the United States.

The American Police system is fragmented.

Secret Service is the US federal agency

which is the counterpart of the Philippine

Presidential Security Group, in-charge of
protecting the US President and his family
(including past president). It works under the
structure of the Department of the Treasury
and is also in-charge of the detection and
prevention of counterfeiting.

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EUROPEAN POLICE
SYSTEM

FRANCE
Police Nationale
Ministry of the Interior
Gardien de la Paix stagiaire lowest rank
Directeur des Services Actifs highest

rank
Polizia di Stato the civilian national
police of Italy with patrol, investigative
and law enforcement duties. It patrols
the express highway network and
oversees the security of railways, bridges
and waterways.

Italy is a country that is part of Europe

which law enforcement is provided by
eight (8) separate police forces, six
(6) of which are national groups.
State Police is responsible for the
general policing in West Germany.
The Volkspolizei is the centralized
paramilitary police force of East
Germany.
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BELGIUM
Belgian Police
Belgian Government
Auxillary Police Officer lowest rank
Chief Police Commissioner highest

rank
The Royal Marechausee (KMar) this
component of the Netherland Armed
Forces is given police duties and
considered
a
law
enforcement
agency

LONDON

City of London Police

Metropolitan Police Service
Police Constable lowest rank
Police Commissioner highest rank
Policia Nacional this police force in Spain is

headed by an officer with the rank of Chief

Superintendent. It is a civilian agency
operating purely in urban areas.

PHILIPPINES
Philippine National Police
Department
of the Interior

and

Local

Government (DILG)
Police Officer I lowest rank
Police Director General highest rank
Police
Regional Offices the primary
subdivision of the Philippine National Police.
The Myanmar Police known as the Peoples
Police Force is headed by a Director General
with the rank of Brigadier General. In the
Philippines, the PNP is headed by a Police
Director General.

NAPOLCOM (National Police

Commission)
- is the government agency tasked
to administer and control the
Philippine National Police (PNP).
Prefecture in Japan is equivalent to
province in the Philippines.
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THE ROLE OF INTERPOL

The INTERPOL is focused in
investigating cross border
crimes.

INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL
POLICE ORGANIZATION (ICPO)
An

organization
cooperation.

facilitating

Established

as
International
Commission in 1923.

international
Criminal

police
Police

188 member countries

Headquarters: Lyon, France
Jolly Bugarin - the only Filipino who became

president of this organization.

INTERPOLS STRUCTURE

GENERAL ASSEMBLY
INTERPOLs supreme governing body,

it meets annually and comprises

delegates appointed by each member
country. The assembly takes all
important decisions related to policy,
resources,
working
methods,
finances, activities and programs.

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
This

13-member committee is
elected by the General Assembly,
and comprises the president, three
vice-presidents and nine delegates
covering the four regions.

GENERAL SECRETARIAT
Located

in Lyon, France, the General

Secretariat operates 24 hours a day, 365 days
a year and is run by the Secretary General.
Officials from more than 80 countries work
side-by-side in any of the Organizations four
official languages: Arabic, English, French and
Spanish.
The
Secretariat
has
seven
regional offices across the world; in Argentina,
Cameroon, Cte dIvoire, El Salvador, Kenya,
Thailand and Zimbabwe, along with Special
Representatives at the United Nations in New
York and at the European Union in Brussels.

NATIONAL CENTRAL BUREAUS

(NCB)
Each

INTERPOL member country

maintains a National Central Bureau
staffed by national law enforcement
officers. The NCB is the designated
contact
point
for
the
General
Secretariat, regional offices and other
member countries requiring assistance
with overseas investigations and the
location and apprehension of fugitives.

ADVISERS
These are experts in a purely

advisory capacity, who may be

appointed by the Executive
Committee and confirmed by
the General Assembly.

COMMISSION FOR THE CONTROL

OF INTERPOLS FILES (CCF)
this

is an independent body whose

mandate is threefold: (1) to ensure that
the processing of personal information
by
INTERPOL
complies
with
the
Organization's regulations, (2) to advise
INTERPOL on any project, operation, set
of rules or other matter involving the
processing of personal information and
(3) to process requests concerning the
information contained in INTERPOL's
files.

CORE FUNCTIONS
1.
Secure
global
police
communication services
INTERPOLs
global
police
communications system, known as I24/7, enables police in all member
countries to request, submit and
access vital data instantly in a secure
environment.

2. Operational data services and

databases for police
Member countries have direct and
immediate access to a wide range
of databases including information
on known criminals, fingerprints,
DNA profiles and stolen or lost
travel documents. INTERPOL also
disseminates critical crime-related
data
through
a
system
of
international notices.

3. Operational police support services

INTERPOL provides law enforcement officials

in the field with emergency support and

operational activities, especially in its
priority crime areas.
A
Command and Co-ordination Centre
operates 24 hours a day, seven days a week
and can deploy an Incident Response Team
to the scene of a serious crime or disaster.

4. Police training and development

INTERPOL provides focused police
training initiatives with the aim of
enhancing the capacity of member
countries
to
effectively
combat
transnational crime and terrorism. This
includes sharing knowledge, skills and
best
practices
in
policing
and
establishing global standards.

CONVENTION AGAINST
TRANSNATIONAL
ORGANIZED
CRIME

 United Nations this world organization was

founded in 1945 and was formerly known as the

League of Nations. Its primary task is to stop
wars between countries and to provide a
platform for dialogue.
United Nations-sponsored multilateral treaty
against transnational organized crime, adopted
in 2000.
It is also called the PALERMO CONVETION.
Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish
Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and
Children
Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by
Land, Sea and Air.

ASEANAPOL
ASSOCIATION OF
SOUTHEAST
ASIAN NATIONS CHIEFS
OF
NATIONAL POLICE

ASSOCIATION OF SOUTHEAST
ASIAN NATIONS CHIEFS OF
NATIONAL POLICE
(ASEANAPOL)
Consolidate

National
Police
Forces, enhance regional law
enforcement cooperation and
harmonize policing system in the
region.

 PNP is a member of the ASEANAPOL.

The

ASEANAPOL deals with the

preventive
enforcement
and
operational aspects of cooperation
against transnational crime.

Actively

involved
in
sharing
knowledge
and
expertise
on
policing, enforcement, law, criminal
justice,
and
transnational
and
international crimes.

PARTICIPATION OF
PNP PERSONNEL IN
UN PEACEKEEPING
MISSIONS
183

05/09/16

Q:
Why
do
the
PNP
personnel participate in UN
Peacekeeping Missions?

184

05/09/16

The Republic of the Philippines is committed to

global peace and as a founding member of the
United Nations, abides by its Charter and
recognizes that while the maintenance of
international peace and security is the
primordial responsibility of the United Nations,
individual states, regional organizations and
civil society share in this responsibility.

185

05/09/16

The Philippines reaffirms its commitment to

the mandate of the United Nations Security

Council under Chapters VI and VII of the
Charter and the role of regional organizations
under Chapter VIII in the maintenance of
international peace and security. In honoring
its obligations under the Charter, the
Philippines within its capabilities, shall
participate in initiatives under the aegis of the
United Nations.

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05/09/16

The
Philippines
recognizes
that
the
peacemaking,
peacekeeping,
peaceenforcement and peace-building, through the
concept
of
multi-dimensional
peace
operations, remain as key and indispensable
instruments
for
the
maintenance
of
international peace and security.

187

05/09/16

It recognizes that the United Nations plays a

fundamental and crucial role in peace
operations and imposes upon itself the
responsibility
to
take
measures
on
humanitarian concerns without resorting to the
use of arms.

188

05/09/16

Subject to national goals and interests, the

Philippines may commit its resources to
international developmental and humanitarian
assistance in furtherance of the UN Millennium
Development Goals (MDGs).

189

05/09/16

Selection and
Qualifications
Applicants for UN peacekeeping

mission
should satisfy the following standards and
qualifications at the time of filing the
application thereof:
a. UNSAS eligible;

190

05/09/16

b. A Police Commissioned Officer (PCO)

applicant must have a rank of at least Police
Senior Inspector while a Police NonCommissioned Officer (PNCO) applicant must
have a rank of at least Police Officer 3;
c. Have attained at least five (5) years of active
police service (excluding cadetship for PMA,
PNPA,
PMMA,
and
equivalent
Officers
Training/Field Training Program (FTP) for
Lateral Entry Officers and Recruitment Training
for Police Non-Commissioned Officers);
191

05/09/16

d. Appointed in permanent status in his/her

present rank;
e. Have at least one (1) year experience in
vehicle driving reckoned from the date
of issuance of his/her valid drivers license;
f. Recommend by his/her Unit Commander
(Command Group, D-Staff Directors, RDs of
PROs, NSUs Directors and District Directors);

192

05/09/16

g. Have a Performance Evaluation Rating (PER)

of at least Very Satisfactory (VS) for two (2)
consecutive
semestral
rating
periods
immediately preceding his/her application;
h. With no pending administrative or criminal
case in any body/tribunal or court nor a
witness to any such case nor a summary
hearing officer with unresolved cases;
i. Have not been repatriated from previous UN
Mission for disciplinary reason/s;
193

05/09/16

j.

With knowledge on basic computer

operations (e.g. Word, Excel, PowerPoint,
email and internet);

k. Passed the latest Physical Fitness Test (PFT)

conducted by DHRDD as well as Medical,
Dental and Neuro-Psychiatric Examination;
and
l. Without firearm accountability as certified by
DL.
194

05/09/16

Terms of Deployments
Priority for deployment to mission area is as
follows:
a. 1st Priority - PNP personnel who passed
the UNSAT Examination but without
previous UN Mission deployment.

195

05/09/16

b. 2nd Priority - PNP personnel who passed the

UNSAT Examination but with previous UN
mission deployment.
Personnel who obtained the highest UNSAT
exam rating, or those superior in rank, length
of service, educational attainment, or with
fewer missions, in such order, shall have
priority for deployment.

196

05/09/16

DEFAULT:
Personnel after having been nominated for
deployment shall be considered in default and
will be removed from the priority list under the
following circumstances:
a. Non-submission of documentary requirements
to the Secretariat on specified date;

197

05/09/16

b. Failure to report
deployment; and

for

processing

c. Non-Attendance to the scheduled

Departure Orientation Seminars (PDOS).

198

for

Pre-

05/09/16

DEFERMENT:
a. Deferment shall be allowed only once and
only due to health reasons duly certified by
the Director, Health Service;

199

05/09/16

b. Personnel deferred due to justifiable reasons

cited above can be renominated for
deployment to the same mission area as last
priority; and
c. Requests for deferment shall be in writing.

200

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THANK
YOU!